AIM: To investigate the comorbidity status of myopia and depressive symptoms among middle school students, identify key influencing factors, and establish a prediction model, thereby providing empirical evidence for the comprehensive intervention of these two conditions.METHODS: Students from 3 middle schools in Feidong county were recruited between 2022 and 2024. Myopia was defined as uncorrected visual acuity ≤5.0 with spherical equivalent refraction <-0.50 diopters(D). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D), with a score ≥16 indicating the presence of depressive symptoms. A database was established and data were entered using EpiData software. Pearson's Chi-square test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were performed to identify influencing factors and screen variables with R statistical software(version 4.5.2). Finally, a Stacking ensemble prediction model was constructed using Python3.13 software. RESULTS: The study included 2 476 students, consisting of 1 380 males and 1 096 females. The overall detection rate of myopia-depressive symptom comorbidity among the studied students was 14.54%. Univariate analysis showed that variables were significantly associated with the comorbidity, including family structure, grade level, sugar-sweetened beverage intake, exercise frequency, school bullying, and parental physical or verbal abuse(all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis identified the following risk factors: higher grade levels(8th grade: OR=1.9143, 95%CI: 1.1096-3.3024; 9th grade: OR=1.7884, 95%CI: 1.0506-3.0444; 11th grade: OR=2.1847, 95%CI: 1.1980-3.9840; 12th grade: OR=3.4606, 95%CI: 1.8250-6.5621), daily consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages more than once(OR=3.1383, 95%CI: 1.7112-5.7560), low frequency of moderate-to-vigorous exercise on weekends and holidays(mostly achievable: OR=3.3115, 95%CI: 1.009-10.8685), alcohol consumption(OR=4.4021, 95%CI: 2.7383-7.0766), daily sedentary time exceeding 10 h(OR=1.8594, 95%CI: 1.2141-2.8476), lack of puberty education(OR=3.0098, 95%CI: 2.0659-4.3848), and exposure to parental physical or verbal abuse(OR=2.4050, 95%CI: 1.1484-5.0364). Protective factors included no experience of school bullying(OR=0.0055, 95%CI: 0.0002-0.1602), no history of severe injury(OR=0.3118, 95%CI: 0.1823-0.5332), outdoor activities during class breaks(OR=0.1672, 95%CI: 0.0752-0.3719), and moderate after-school homework duration(2-3 h per day: OR=0.4802, 95%CI: 0.2620-0.8801). The constructed Stacking prediction model demonstrated good discriminative ability, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of 0.855, a sensitivity of 81.5%, and a specificity of 74.0%. Key predictive factors included alcohol consumption status, location of recess activities, unhealthy lifestyle composite index(interaction term between sedentary duration and sugar-sweetened beverage intake frequency), academic stress index(interaction term between sedentary duration and homework duration), and after-school homework duration.CONCLUSION: The comorbidity of myopia and depression among middle school students is jointly influenced by multiple factors such as lifestyle, academic pressure, and family/campus environment. It is advocated to implement a three-level intervention system that includes restricting the sale of sugar-sweetened beverages, conducting psychological screening for sedentary students, and carrying out family-school-medical collaborative management of drinking behaviors. This model can be applied to school health screening and the early identification of high-risk groups in community adolescent health management. It is suitable for middle school students in regions with similar economic levels, but not applicable to students receiving special education or those with severe organic diseases.

BACKGROUND:Studies have demonstrated that postmenopausal osteoporosis is related to female reproductive characteristics and exercise diets,but few studies have demonstrated whether female reproductive characteristics and exercise diets have an effect on vitamin D in postmenopausal women. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship of vitamin D levels with female reproductive characteristics and exercise diets and their influencing factors in postmenopausal women in Beijing. METHODS:Totally 727 postmenopausal women with an age range of 46-75 years old who received on-site questionnaires in 17 communities of Beijing from September 2017 to May 2018 were selected as the study subjects,and the questionnaires included the subjects'basic information and history of menstruation,menopause,pregnancy,and exercise diet.An electrochemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer and its auxiliary reagents were used to determine 25-(OH)D levels.Bone mineral density and T values of the lumbar spine(L1-L4,whole)and both hips(femoral neck,whole)were determined using a dual-energy X-ray bone mineral density detector.The correlation of vitamin D with reproductive characteristics and exercise diet was observed,as well as the influencing factors of vitamin D were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were 136 cases(18.7%)in the vitamin D normal group,389 cases(53.5%)in the vitamin D insufficient group,and 202 cases(27.8%)in the vitamin D deficient group.The mean vitamin D level was(15.60±5.85)ng/mL.With the increase of vitamin D level,the bone mineral density value and T value of different parts of the body also increased.Vitamin D level was positively correlated with age at menarche,days of menstrual duration,stage of menopause,activity,diet type,and dietary preference(P<0.05);was negatively correlated with menstrual cycle,age at menopause,and number of childbearing(P<0.05);and had no correlation with age at first conception and number of pregnancies(P>0.05).The results of multifactorial ordered Logistic regression analyses showed that there was a positive correlation between the frequency of drinking dairy products and vitamin D level(P<0.05),and dairy products were a protective factor for vitamin D level.To conclude,vitamin D levels are generally insufficient and bone mineral density values are generally low in postmenopausal women in Beijing.Vitamin D levels are correlated with some reproductive characteristics and exercise diets,and drinking dairy products is a protective factor.Therefore,it is possible to intervene in the dietary situation of postmenopausal women by means of health education about osteoporosis and by increasing vitamin D levels in order to increase bone density values and reduce the prevalence of osteoporosis in the postmenopausal period.

Given that ovarian stimulation is vital for assisted reproductive technology (ART) and results in elevated serum estrogen levels, exploring the impact of elevated estrogen exposure on oocytes and embryos is necessary. We investigated the effects of various ovarian stimulation treatments on oocyte and embryo morphology and gene expression using a mouse model and estrogen-treated mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Female C57BL/6J mice were subjected to two types of conventional ovarian stimulation and ovarian hyperstimulation; mice treated with only normal saline served as controls. Hyperstimulation resulted in high serum estrogen levels, enlarged ovaries, an increased number of aberrant oocytes, and decreased embryo formation. The messenger RNA (mRNA)‍-sequencing of oocytes revealed the dysregulated expression of lysine-specific demethylase 6b (Kdm6b), which may be a key factor indicating hyperstimulation-induced aberrant oocytes and embryos. In vitro, Kdm6b expression was downregulated in mESCs treated with high-dose estrogen; treatment with an estrogen receptor antagonist could reverse this downregulated expression level. Furthermore, treatment with high-dose estrogen resulted in the upregulated expression of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and phosphorylated H2A histone family member X (γ-H2AX). Notably, knockdown of Kdm6b and high estrogen levels hindered the formation of embryoid bodies, with a concomitant increase in the expression of H3K27me3 and γ-H2AX. Collectively, our findings revealed that hyperstimulation-induced high-dose estrogen could impair the demethylation of H3K27me3 by reducing Kdm6b expression. Accordingly, Kdm6b could be a promising marker for clinically predicting ART outcomes in patients with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
Female ; Mice ; Demethylation/drug effects* ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Estrogens/administration & dosage* ; Gene Expression/drug effects* ; Histones/metabolism* ; Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Oocytes ; Ovary/drug effects* ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Animals

This research study focuses on addressing the limitations of current neuropathic pain (NP) treatments by developing a novel dual-target modulator, E0199, targeting both Na_V1.7, Na_V1.8, and Na_V1.9 and K_V7 channels, a crucial regulator in controlling NP symptoms. The objective of the study was to synthesize a compound capable of modulating these channels to alleviate NP. Through an experimental design involving both in vitro and in vivo methods, E0199 was tested for its efficacy on ion channels and its therapeutic potential in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) mouse model. The results demonstrated that E0199 significantly inhibited Na_V1.7, Na_V1.8, and Na_V1.9 channels with a particularly low half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) for Na_V1.9 by promoting sodium channel inactivation, and also effectively increased K_V7.2/7.3, K_V7.2, and K_V7.5 channels, excluding K_V7.1 by promoting potassium channel activation. This dual action significantly reduced the excitability of dorsal root ganglion neurons and alleviated pain hypersensitivity in mice at low doses, indicating a potent analgesic effect without affecting heart and skeletal muscle ion channels critically. The safety of E0199 was supported by neurobehavioral evaluations. Conclusively, E0199 represents a ground-breaking approach in NP treatment, showcasing the potential of dual-target small-molecule compounds in providing a more effective and safe therapeutic option for NP. This study introduces a promising direction for the future development of NP therapeutics.

Flagella are important protein structures on the cell surface of bacteria and the main appendage for bacterial swimming. Flagella play a crucial role in bacterial motility, chemotaxis, pathogenicity, and environmental sensing. With the development of microscopic tracking technology and flagellum visualization tools, new forms of flagellar motility and increasing roles of flagella in the physiological activities of bacteria have been discovered. This review introduces the visualization methods of flagella and the applications of these methods in studying flagellar functions, giving insights into exploring the functions of flagella and laying a theoretical foundation for its future applications in inhibiting bacterial transmission and treating bacterial infections.
Flagella/physiology* ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Chemotaxis/physiology* ; Bacteria

This research study focuses on addressing the limitations of current neuropathic pain(NP)treatments by developing a novel dual-target modulator,E0199,targeting both Nav1.7,Nay1.8,and Nay1.9 and Kv7 channels,a crucial regulator in controlling NP symptoms.The objective of the study was to synthesize a compound capable of modulating these channels to alleviate NP.Through an experimental design involving both in vitro and in vivo methods,E0199 was tested for its efficacy on ion channels and its therapeutic potential in a chronic constriction injury(CCI)mouse model.The results demonstrated that E0199 significantly inhibited Nav1.7,Nav1.8,and Nav1.9 channels with a particularly low half maximal inhibitory concentration(ICs0)for Nay1.9 by promoting sodium channel inactivation,and also effectively increased Kv7.2/73,Kv7.2,and Kv7.5 channels,excluding Kv7.1 by promoting potassium channel acti-vation.This dual action significantly reduced the excitability of dorsal root ganglion neurons and alle-viated pain hypersensitivity in mice at low doses,indicating a potent analgesic effect without affecting heart and skeletal muscle ion channels critically.The safety of E0199 was supported by neurobehavioral evaluations.Conclusively,E0199 represents a ground-breaking approach in NP treatment,showcasing the potential of dual-target small-molecule compounds in providing a more effective and safe thera-peutic option for NP.This study introduces a promising direction for the future development of NP therapeutics.

ObjectiveTo investigate the etiology and epidemiological characteristics of pneumonia in children of different ages, to better characterize the co-infection patterns of pneumonia and their association with severe diseases. MethodsChildren aged 28 days to 13 years with pneumonia who were hospitalized in the Department of Pediatrics, Dongyang People's Hospital, Zhejiang Province from April 1 to December 28, 2023 were selected as the research subjects. Oropharynx swabs were collected from the patients within 24 hours of hospital admission, and PCR tests were conducted for 18 respiratory pathogens. Binary multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the status of viral and bacterial infection, patterns of co-infection in patients with different ages, and the risk factors for the outcome of severe pneumonia. ResultsA total of 2 191 hospitalized children with pneumonia were enrolled in the study. Severe cases were more common in children aged 5 years and older (53.3%) and in the second quarter of the year (46.5%). An average of (1.31±0.90) pathogens were detected in severe cases. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (44.4%, 973 cases) had the highest detection rate of pathogens. Streptococcus pneumoniae (21.7%, 476 cases) and rhinovirus (10.1%, 222 cases) were the most common bacteria and viruses, respectively, in hospitalized children with pneumonia in Dongyang City. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated positive interactions between different viral and bacterial pathogens. The adjusted OR (aOR) values for different respiratory pathogens in children with severe pneumonia varied significantly (all P<0.04). Among them, Chlamydia pneumoniae (aOR=9.74, 95%CI=2.36‒49.32, P<0.01), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (aOR=2.62, 95%CI=2.04‒3.37, P<0.01), and RSV (aOR=1.69, 95%CI=1.12‒2.54, P<0.01) were the risk factors for severe pneumonia. ConclusionIn the pathogen spectrum of children with pneumonia in Dongyang City, Zhejiang Province from April to December 2023, most viruses and bacteria exhibited positive interactions. Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and RSV maybe the significant risk factors for severe pneumonia.

Objective To investigate effects of ligustilide(LIG)on proliferation,apoptosis,angiogenic mimicry and Ras homolog gene family member A(RhoA)/Rho associated coiled coil containing protein kinase 1(ROCK)signaling pathway in esophageal cancer cells.Methods Esophageal cancer cell line EC-109 was treated with LIG at concentrations of 0,12.5,25,50,100,and 200 μmol/L to detect cell activity,and the suitable concentration was selected for subsequent experiments.EC-109 cells were grouped into the control group,the LIG low,medium and high concentration groups(LIG-L,LIG-M and LIG-H groups),and the LIG-H+RhoA activator Naciclassine group(LIG-H+Naciclassine group).Edu was applied to detect cell proliferation,and flow cytometry was applied to detect cell apoptosis.Angiogenetic mimicry was observed.Western blot assay was applied to detect expression levels of proteins related to cell proliferation and apoptosis,and RhoA,ROCK proteins.Nude mouse tumor transplantation experiment was applied to verify the effect of LIG on the growth of esophageal cancer tumors.Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect expression levels of angiogenesis related factors(VEGF),RhoA and ROCK proteins in transplanted tumors.Results Compared with the control group,the vascular mimicry tubular structure of EC-109 cells decreased sequentially in the LIG-L group,the LIG-M group and the LIG-H group.The positive rate of Edu,the expression levels of Cyclin D1,Ki67,Bcl-2,RhoA and ROCK reduced in turn.P21,cell apoptosis rate,the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 increased in sequence(P＜0.05).Naciclasine,RhoA activator,partially reversed the effect of LIG on cell proliferation,apoptosis and vasculogenic mimicry of esophageal cancer cells.Nude mouse transplantation tumor experiment showed that compared with the control group,the growth rate of transplanted tumor showed down,tumor volume decreased and the expression levels of RhoA,ROCK and VEGF decreased in the LIG group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Ligustilide inhibits the proliferation and angiogenic mimicry of esophageal cancer cells by inhibiting RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway,and promotes the apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells.

Objective To investigate the correlation between muscle strength level and bone mineral density and bone metabolism indexes in postmenopausal women in Beijing.Methods Postmenopausal women who were investi-gated by on-site questionnaires and followed by bone mineral density examination in Beijing from September 2017 to May 2018 were recruited as study subjects.They were divided into early menopausal group,middle menopausal group,late menopausal group,and twilight menopausal group according to the years of menopause.Changes in grip strength,5 times sit-to-stand test(FTSST)with bone mineral density(BMD)and bone metabolism indexes were observed in the four groups and their correlations were analyzed.Results A total of 815 cases of postmenopausal women were included.At different menopausal stages,muscle strength was all found to decrease with the increase of menopausal years(P＜0.05),there was non-significance of different bone metabolism indexes among the four groups(P＞0.05);Femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD decreased with the increase of menopausal years(P＜0.05).Maximum grip strength was positively correlated with both femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD(R=0.158,P＜0.05;R=0.130,P＜0.05).There was no correlation between muscle strength and bone metabo-lism indexes(P＜0.05).Conclusions Different bone metabolism indexes are not associated with muscle strength in menopausal women.Maximum grip strength is positively correlated with bone mineral density,which can be used as an auxiliary screening tool for osteoporosis(OP)in women.The FTSST suggests that the lower limb muscle strength of menopausal women decreases with age,which can be used as one of the indicators for predicting the risk of falls in menopausal women.

Objective:To analyze the seroepidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among adolescents aged 0-14 years in Henan Province and to evaluate the effectiveness of the childhood hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) immunization program.Methods:From September 2021 to March 2022, a total of 4 883 adolescents aged 0-14 years were selected from 25 villages or communities of 18 provincial-level cities in Henan Province by using the multi-stage random cluster sampling method. Demographic data were collected through questionnaires. The 3 ml of blood samples were collected from individuals aged 0-4 years and 5 ml of blood samples were collected from individuals aged 5-14 years to test HBsAg, HBcAb and HBsAb. Data on vaccination were collected through Henan Provincial Immunization Information System and hepatitis B cases in Henan Province were collected through China Infectious Disease Reporting System. The effectiveness of the childhood HepB immunization program was analyzed.Results:The average age of 4 883 subjects was (7.32±2.81) years old. The positive rates of HBsAg and HBcAb were 0.1% (7/4 883) and 1.0% (50/4 883), and the population standardized rates were 0.3% and 1.7%. In 2002, the positive rate of HBsAg among adolescents aged 0-14 years in Henan Province was 3.39%. Compared with that in 2002, the number of chronic HBV infections among adolescents in Henan Province in 2022 decreased by about 0.7 million. In 2002, the vaccination rate of newborns who completed all three doses of vaccine was 6.26%. In 2003, the vaccination rate of the hepatitis B vaccine rose rapidly, reaching 90% in 2013 for the first time. After 2014, the vaccination rate in Henan Province continued to remain above 95%. The proportion of cases among children aged 1-4 years in clinical reports decreased from 0.43% (1 108/256 566) in 2006 to 0.01% (78/80 655) in 2021. The proportion of cases among adolescents aged 5-19 years decreased from 18.21% (46 710/256 566) in 2006 to 1.1% (827/80 655) in 2021.Conclusions:From 2002 to 2022, the positive rate of HBsAg among adolescents aged 0-14 years has decreased significantly in Henan Province. The effectiveness of the HepB immunization program for children is good.