Objective: To systematically analyze the confirmatory positivity of different combinations of HBsAg screening results in blood testing, providing data to support the optimization of blood donor eligibility management. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on blood screening data from 174 266 voluntary blood donor samples at the Chongqing Blood Center between October 2021 and September 2022. Samples with inconsistent results between the two HBsAg enzymelinked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and individual donor nucleic acid testing (NAT) were confirmed using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) and a neutralization test. The detection efficacy of four different HBsAg ELISA reagents was compared using the HBsAg-confirmed positive samples. Results: A total of 767(0.44%) HBV-reactive (HB-sAg and/or HBV DNA reactive) samples were detected. Among them, 344 samples with discordant serological and NAT results were collected, of which 64(18.6%) were confirmed positive by neutralization test. Additionally, 5 samples that were neutralization-negative but double-reactive for HBsAg and HBV DNA were confirmed as positive according to FDA guidance, resulting in a total of 69(20.1%) confirmed HBsAg-positive samples. There were significant differences in the neutralization test confirmation rates among different screening result categories (P<0.05): The group with dual HBsAg reagent reactivity (double reactive) & NAT-negative had the highest confirmation rate (96.9%, 31/32); the group reactive to only reagent 2 (single reactive) had a rate of 25.7% (29/113); while the confirmation rates for samples reactive to only reagent 1 and samples with isolated HBV DNA positivity were extremely low [0(0/34) and 2.4%(4/165), respectively]. The four commercial reagents showed significant differences in their ability to detect confirmed positive samples that were initially single reactive (P<0.05). Conclusion: Given the performance variations among HBsAg screening reagents, thorough performance verification is essential before implementation. When NAT is negative, dual HBsAg reactivity in screening can serve as a basis for confirming infection and directly deferring blood donors. However, confirming infection in donors with single HBsAg reactivity is more challenging, necessitating supplementary tests to rule out infection risk.

Objective: To investigate the effects of clinical routine X-ray irradiation dose (average irradiation dose: 29.7±0.54 Gy) on the function, apoptosis, activation state and mitochondrial function of platelets during in vitro storage, so as to provide experimental evidence for optimizing platelet irradiation strategies. Methods: A paired experimental design was adopted. Platelets were collected from 12 healthy donors, and each sample was equally divided into the irradiated group and the control group (non-irradiated). All samples were stored for 5 days under standard platelet preservation conditions (22±2℃, continuous oscillation). Flow cytometry was used to detect platelet count, apoptosis rate (Annexin V+ positive rate), activation markers (CD62P, PAC-1, CD42b) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Meanwhile, mitochondrial-specific probes were used to evaluate changes in mitochondrial count, membrane potential and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to observe the ultrastructure of platelets, with a focus on mitochondrial morphology, platelet membrane integrity and granule distribution. Results: Within 5 days of storage, the platelet count was (841±89.16)×10 /L in the irradiated group and (824.5±92.88)×10 /L in the control group, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.54). The apoptosis rate was (4.94±1.39) % in the irradiated group and (5.50±0.83) % in the control group, showing no significant difference (P=0.31). For activation indicators, the CD62P expression rate was (24.32±7.57) % in the irradiated group versus (25.21±8.13) % in the control group (P=0.43). The PAC-1 positive rates were (12.15±4.43) % and (11.75±3.40) % in the irradiated group and control group, respectively (P=0.44). The CD42b expression rates were (12.14±4.43) % and (11.75±3.4) % in the two groups, respectively (P=0.47). The ROS levels were (31.98±8.1) % and (30.64±5.89) % in the two groups, respectively (P=0.45). No significant differences were found in the above indicators. For mitochondrial function indicators, the mitochondrial count was (55.88±11.49) % in the irradiated group and (53.5±7.24) % in the control group (P=0.57). The ATP contents were (42.45±5.29) % and (41.58±9.50) % in the irradiated group and control group, respectively (P=0.77). The relative membrane potential values were (59.53±10.89) % and (57.49±6.54) % in the two groups, respectively (P=0.47). No significant difference were observed on the mitochondrial function-related indicators. TEM further confirmed that the ultrastructure of platelets in the irradiation group was intact, the mitochondrial morphology was normal, and no pathological changes such as swelling or vacuolization were observed. Conclusion: This study evaluated the impact of conventional-dose X-ray irradiation on platelet storage quality, confirming that this dose does not significant impair platelet count, apoptosis rate, activation status, or mitochondrial function. This finding provides important experimental evidence for the clinical promotion of X-ray irradiation technology and suggests its potential as a safe alternative to γ irradiation. Future studies could further expand the sample size and extend the observation period to verify the effects of X-ray irradiation on long-term platelet storage and post-transfusion in vivo survival rate.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical significance of SLC1A5 overexpression in pan-cancer and its mechanism for promoting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. METHODS: We analyzed the correlation of SLC1A5 expression with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and prognosis in pan-cancer using TCGA and ICGC datasets and explored its association with immune cell infiltration using EPIC, CIBERSORT, and TIMER algorithms. In HCC cell lines, the effects of lentivirus-mediated SLC1A5 overexpression or RNA interference on cell proliferation were examined using CCK-8 assay, and the growth of HCC cell xenografts overexpressing SLC1A5 was observed in nude mice. The effects of SLC1A5 overexpression or silencing in HCC cells on macrophage polarization were evaluated in a cell co-culture system. RESULTS: SLC1A5 was mainly localized on cell membrane and was highly expressed in most cancers in association with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. SLC1A5 expression was positively correlated with immunity score in 13 cancer types, especially in low-grade glioma (LGG), LIHC and thyroid cancer. SLC1A5 was positively correlated with macrophage infiltration level in LGG and LIHC but negatively correlated with macrophage infiltration in 5 cancers including lung squamous carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, and gastric carcinoma. Patients with SLC1A5 overexpression and high level of M2 macrophage infiltration had the worst survival outcomes. SLC1A5 was correlated with immunosuppression-related genes, cytokines, and cytokine receptors, which was the most obvious in LGG and LIHC. SLC1A5 was highly expressed in different HCC cell lines, and its overexpression promoted HCC cell proliferation both in vitro and in nude mice. In the cell co-culture experiment, SLC1A5 was positively correlated with the molecular markers of M2 polarization of macrophages, and its overexpression strongly promoted M2 polarization of the macrophages and inhibited T cell secretion of IFN-γ. CONCLUSIONS SLC1A5 expression level is correlated with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, prognosis, and immune cell infiltration in most cancers, and its overexpression promotes HCC progression by inhibiting T-cell function via promoting M2 polarization of macrophages.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism* ; Liver Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Animals ; Macrophages/cytology* ; Disease Progression ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Mice ; Amino Acid Transport System ASC/genetics* ; Cell Proliferation ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Mice, Nude ; Prognosis ; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens

The proband was a 32-year-old female patient who sought medical attention for over 9 months of pregnancy, reduced fetal movement, and discomfort in the lower abdomen. The proband and her father had normal activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time, decreased fibrinogen activity and antigen levels, and prolonged thrombin time, whereas the test results of her mother were normal. Ultrasonography showed intermuscular vein thrombosis in the left calf of the proband. Peripheral blood DNA was extracted from the proband and her parents, and Sanger sequencing was performed to detect the base sequences of the FGA, FGB, and FGG genes. The proband and her father had heterozygous missense mutations in exon 6 c.615A > C (p. Leu205Phe) and exon 8 c.1121A > C (p. Tyr374Ser) of the FGG gene. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that the two gene mutations may be the pathogenic mechanism of this congenital hypodysfibrinogenemia family.

Objective:To assess the presence of chemotherapy-induced abnormal myocardial perfusion using SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in patients with malignant hematologic diseases before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and to explore its predictive value for mid-to-long-term mortality risk after transplantation.Methods:From March 2016 to August 2022, 139 patients with malignant hematologic diseases (80 males, 59 females; age (45.7±13.0) years) who underwent resting MPI to assess the presence of chemotherapy-induced abnormal myocardial perfusion before HSCT at the First People′s Hospital of Changzhou were prospectively included. Baseline-data were collected and patients were followed up for mid-to-long-term (≥100d) adverse outcomes after transplantation. Overall survival (OS) of each patient was recorded. The χ2 test and independent-sample t test were used for data analysis. Cox regression analysis was utilized to identify independent risk factors affecting OS. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used for survival analysis. Results:The median follow-up time of 139 patients was 41.6(19.5, 65.6) months, with all-cause mortality of 28.8%(40/139), and the cardiovascular mortality was 42.5%(17/40). The prior cardiotoxic therapies rate (anthracycline dose ≥250mg/m 2) was higher in the death group compared to that in the survival group (15.0% (6/40) vs 5.1% (5/99); χ2=3.87, P=0.049). Pre-transplant abnormal myocardial perfusion rate was also higher in the death group compared to that in the survival group (55.0%(22/40) vs 22.2%(22/99); χ2=15.19, P<0.001). But pre-transplant left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was lower in the death group compared to that in the survival group ((60.4±5.2)% vs (62.9±3.9)%; t=-3.07, P=0.003). Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that the abnormal myocardial perfusion indicated by MPI before transplantation was an independent risk factor affecting OS after HSCT in patients with malignant hematologic diseases (hazard rate ( HR)=2.70, 95% CI: 1.33-5.46, P=0.006). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed the 1-, 2-, 5-year OS rates of patients with the abnormal myocardial perfusion and the normal myocardial perfusion were 73.5%, 69.1%, 49.2% and 94.6%, 89.9%, 81.6%, respectively, with significant difference ( χ2=17.01, P<0.001). Conclusions:Patients with abnormal myocardial perfusion detected by MPI before HSCT for malignant hematologic diseases have a poorer prognosis, characterized by lower post-transplantation OS rates. The utilization of MPI for assessing abnormal myocardial perfusion before transplantation in patients with malignant hematologic diseases can aid in predicting the mid-to-long-term mortality risk after transplantation.

Objective:To explore the effect of combining intermittent θ pulse stimulation (iTBS) of the cerebellum with lower extremity exoskeleton robot support on the balance and walking function of stroke survivors.Methods:Seventy-five stroke survivors complicated with lower extremity dysfunction were divided into an iTBS group, an exoskeleton group and a combined group, each of 25, according to a random number table. In addition to conventional rehabilitation training, the iTBS group was given cerebellar iTBS combined with traditional walking training, the exoskeleton group received sham cerebellar iTBS combined with walking training assisted by a lower extremity exoskeleton robot. The combined group received both therapies. The schedule was once a day, 5 days a week for 3 weeks. Before and after the treatment, the 10-metre walking test (10MWT), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Fugl-Meyer lower extremity assessment (FMA-LE) were used to evaluate the subjects′ walking ability, balance and lower extremity motor ability. Gait and neuro-electrophysiological tests were also conducted in all three groups.Results:After the treatment, a significant improvement was observed in the 10MWT times, BBS scores, FMA-LE scores, stride frequency and stride speed of all three groups compared with before the treatment. On average, the results of the exoskeleton and combined groups were significantly better than those of the iTBS group, and those of the combined group were significantly better than among the exoskeleton group. Almost everyone′s MEP latency and amplitude had improved significantly compared with before the treatment, but the improvements in the exoskeleton group tended to be superior to those in the iTBS group ( P≤0.05). The latency in the combined group averaged (21.25±1.70)ms, and the amplitude averaged (184.17±6.54)μV, both significantly better than the exoskeleton group′s averages. Conclusions:Cerebellum iTBS combined with lower extremity exoskeleton walker training can significantly improve the motor functioning, balance and walking ability of stroke survivors.

Objective:To explore the effect of combining repeated peripheral (rPMS) and central transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in treating upper limb motor dysfunction after a stroke.Methods:Seventy-eight patients with upper limb motor dysfunction after a stroke were randomly divided into a control group, an rTMS group and a combined magnetic stimulation group, each of 26. All three groups underwent routine rehabilitation, while the rTMS group was repeatedly given low frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation of the M1 region on the unaffected side, and the combined group also received repeated peripheral magnetic stimulation at Erb′s point on the affected upper limb. There was one treatment session a day, 5 days a week for 3 weeks. Before and after the treatment, everyone′s upper limb motor function was quantified using the Fugl-Meyer upper extremity assessment (FMA-UE) and the Wolf motor function test (WMFT). Skill in the activities of daily living was quantified in terms of a Barthel index (BI). Motor recovery of the upper limbs and hands was assessed using Brunnstrom staging. The latency and amplitude of the motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in the subjects′ affected abductor pollicis brevis muscles were also recorded before and after the treatment. Pearson correlation coefficients quantified the correlation between the changes in FMA-UE scores and MEP amplitudes before and after the treatment in the three groups.Results:There were no significant differences among the three groups before the treatment. Afterward, however, the average FMA-UE, WMFT and BI scores, as well as the upper limb and hand Brunnstrom stages and the average MEP latencies and amplitudes of all the three groups had improved significantly. The combined group′s average results were then significantly better than the other two groups′ averages, except for the upper limb Brunnstrom stages. The increases in MEP amplitude were positively correlated with the increases in FMA-UE scores among the rTMS and the combined group, but there was no significant correlation between them in the control group.Conclusions:The combined application of rPMS and contralateral low frequency rTMS can effectively relieve motor dysfunction in the upper limbs in the early stages after a stroke.

Objective:To explore the application effect of BOPPPS teaching model in the teaching of Food Safety Supervision and Management course.Methods:Students of two parallel classes majoring in the Food Quality and Safety of the same grade of a university in Liaoning Province were selected,and the traditional teaching model and BOPPPS teaching model were used for teaching practice respectively.The scores,teaching effect and satisfaction of two groups were compared.Results:The regular performance and total scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P＜0.05).In terms of enhancing students'interest in food safety supervision,improving knowledge and skills,cultivating self-directed learning and teamwork abilities,strengthening the close connection between the course and real cases,and providing assistance for future career,the experimental group performed significantly better than the control group(P＜0.05).Moreover,the satisfaction of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:BOPPPS teaching model has a remarkable effect in the teaching of Food Safety Supervision and Management course,providing an effective approach for the teaching reform of this course.

Objective:To evaluate the early and mid-term efficacy of physician-modified fenestrated endovascular repair combined with inner branch techniques for aortic pathologies complicated by aberrant subclavian artery (ASA).Methods:A retrospective case series was conducted, including 24 patients with ASA-associated aortic pathologies who underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) with physician-modified fenestration and inner branch reconstruction at 7 centers in China from February 2021 to March 2025. The cohort comprised 18 males and 6 females, with an age of (54.4±11.7) years (range:37 to 80 years). Pathological diagnoses included aortic aneurysm in 7 patients (29.2%), aortic dissection in 11 (45.8%; 6 chronic, 4 subacute, 1 acute), and penetrating aortic ulcer in 6 (25.0%; 3 with concomitant intramural hematoma). Preoperative planning was performed using three-dimensional CT angiographic reconstruction, incorporating both the greater-curvature hemodynamic length and the centerline wall-adherent length. Fenestration sites were verified on three-dimensional printed models, and precise fenestrations were created at the covered stent-graft locations corresponding to the subclavian artery and ASA anatomy. Patients subsequently underwent TEVAR combined with supra-aortic revascularization as indicated, followed by completion ascending aortography to evaluate the sealing of the main stent-graft and the patency of fenestrated or branched stents. Perioperative outcomes, complications, and early-to mid-term clinical efficacy were analyzed.Results:All procedures were technically successful. Immediate angiography identified one case of minor type Ⅳ endoleak that resolved spontaneously on 3-month follow-up CT angiography, and one case of mild type Ⅱ endoleak that was left untreated with a stable false lumen during follow-up. One patient died on postoperative day 7 of an undetermined cause. The mean follow-up period was (23.1±11.3)months (range:3 to 37 months). During follow-up, one patient developed mild bilateral lower-limb weakness 1 month after surgery. Vascular occlusion and spinal cord infarction were excluded, and the symptoms were considered related to postoperative spinal hemodynamic changes; the weakness resolved after blood pressure adjustment without recurrence. No other complications, including upper limb ischemia, spinal cord ischemia, or posterior circulation ischemia, were observed. Throughout follow-up, all branch and main stents remained patent with good structural integrity, without migration or device-related complications.Conclusions:Physician-modified fenestration combined with inner branch techniques for ASA-associated aortic pathologies is technically feasible and yields satisfactory early and mid-term results. Long-term outcomes require further follow-up.

BACKGROUND:Traditional treatments for corneal alkali burns are limited,especially in controlling inflammation,preventing neovascularization,and inhibiting corneal scarring.Natural,synthetic,or composite materials provide a wide range of treatment options.However,the mechanism by which biomaterials promote corneal alkali burn repair has not yet been systematically understood. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the current research on biomaterials in promoting corneal alkali burn repair in and outside China,and review the mechanism and application of biomaterials in repairing corneal alkali burn. METHODS:The first author searched"cornea,alkali burn,amniotic membrane,hyaluronic acid,collagen,chitosan,polymer materials"as Chinese keywords and"amniotic membrane,hyaluronic acid,collagen,chitosan,polymer,cornea,alkali burn"as English keywords in PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI,and WanFang databases.According to inclusion and exclusion criteria,76 eligible articles were finally included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In the field of corneal alkali burn repair,biomaterials such as amniotic membrane,hyaluronic acid,collagen,chitosan,and degradable polymer materials have been widely studied and applied.Each of these biomaterials has its own characteristics,advantages,and disadvantages,and stands out in different aspects.(2)First and foremost,amniotic membranes are considered one of the most promising biomaterials due to their abundance of bioactive factors.They are biocompatible and can regulate the corneal inflammatory response.However,there are issues with donor shortages and susceptibility to infectious diseases.(3)Hyaluronic acid has good moisturizing properties and biocompatibility,and is able to improve the survival rate of corneal cells and increase corneal transparency.(4)The good biocompatibility and scaffold structure of collagen enable the promotion of corneal cell adhesion and proliferation,as well as the reconstruction of corneal tissue structure.(5)Chitosan is recognized for its good biocompatibility and degradability,making it suitable as a carrier for drug delivery and cell transplantation.(6)Degradable polymer materials have good controllability over degradation and can provide a good support and delivery platform for the repair of corneal alkali burns,but further research is needed on their stability and biocompatibility.(7)Overall,there is currently no single biomaterial that can completely address the repair problem of corneal alkali burns,and each biomaterial has its own specific application scenarios and limitations.(8)Future research directions should focus on further improving the properties and structure of biomaterials,exploring more effective combination applications,and deeply understanding the interaction mechanism between biomaterials and corneal tissue,in order to enhance the therapeutic effect of corneal alkali burns and the quality of life of patients.