With the accelerating aging of world population, the prevalence and disease burden of dementia such as Alzheimer's disease is increasing annually. As one of the major risk factors for dementia, air pollution is still an urgent global concern. Studies on the association between ambient particulate matter (PM), one of the major air pollutants, and dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease, are gaining attention. This paper reviewed the current evidence of relevant epidemiological and toxicological studies to illustrate the possible mechanisms underlying the effects of PM exposure on Alzheimer's disease through inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, excitatory neurotoxicity, glial cell activation, and intestinal flora disruption, which may provide clues for mitigating the health risks of air pollution and preventing Alzheimer's disease.

Objective To explore the characteristics and influencing factors of family resilience among Chinese PLA Army personnel.Methods A total of 8 094 military personnel subjected with cluster sampling were surveyed with family resilience scale(FRS)and self-designed questionnaire for basic information on military families.Independent sample t test,one-way analysis of variance and step-up regression analysis were employed to analyze the family resilience.Results ① The results of demographic variable analysis showed that there were significant differences in family resilience among the personnel with different marital status,from one-child family or not,birth in rural/urban areas,personnel category,age and education level(P＜0.05).② Family factors analysis indicated that different family structure,different family relationships,family rearing styles,recent separation from family members,and frequency of contacting family members had certain effects on family resilience(P＜0.05).③ When family relationship,family rearing styles,frequency of contacting family members,birth place,recent separation from family,personnel category,from one-child family,and education level entered the regression equation,the resilience level of army personnel'families was increased by 8.197 for every 1 unit increase in family relationship,and the level of family resilience was increased by 4.688 for every 1 unit increase in family contact frequency(F=202.168,P＜0.05).Conclusion The overall level of family resilience of army personnel is good.The risk factors for family resilience are recent separation from their families for ≥1 year,officers,not from only-children family,and the protective factors are harmonious relationship with their families,democratic family rearing style,contacting with their families weekly,urban birth,and bachelor degree or above.

Background Cooking oil fumes are closely related to immune response, and adipose tissue also plays an important role in immune regulation. At present, the biological effect and mechanism of inflammation of adipose tissue induced by oil fume exposure are not clear yet. Objective To investigate the inflammatory effect of different exposure duration of cooking fumes on adipose tissue in mice and explore the role of Nod-like receptor pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3)/cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1 (Caspase 1)/interleukin (IL)-1β signaling pathway. Methods Forty 8-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 3-day control group (CON₃ group), 7-day control group (CON₇ group), 3-day oil fume exposure group (COF₃ group), and 7-day oil fume exposure group (COF₇ group), with 10 mice in each group. The mice were exposed to oil fumes in a cooking oil fume formation and exposure equipment (COFFEE) for 20 min, followed by a 10-min pause, 1 h a day for consecutive 3 d or 7 d. General condition of mice was observed and body weight was measured every day. After exposure, blood was sampled from the eyeball. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-27, and IL-1β were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The adipose tissue of mice was collected and observed after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The percentages of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺T cells in adipose tissue were detected by flow cytometry. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression levels of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), NLRP3, Caspase 1, and IL-1β in adipose tissue. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of NLRP3, Caspase 1, and IL-1β in adipose. Results Compared with the corresponding control group, serum IL-6, IL-27, and IL-1β contents in the COF₃ group and the COF₇ group were significantly increased (P<0.05) except IL-6 in the COF₃ group, and the levels in the COF₇ group were significantly higher than those in the COF₃ group (P<0.05). Vacuolar lipid droplets in adipocytes decreased, cytoplasm shrank, and inflammatory cells infiltrated in the COF₇ group after HE staining. The flow cytometry results showed that the proportions of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺T cells in adipocytes of the COF₃ group and the COF₇ group were increased compared to the corresponding control group, with a significant increase in the COF₇ group (P<0.05), and the CD4⁺/CD8⁺T ratio also significantly increased progressively in the two groups (P<0.05). The results of RT-qPCR showed that compared with the corresponding control group, the mRNA expression levels of NF-κB, NLRP3, Caspase 1, and IL-1β in adipose tissue of mice in the COF₃ group and the COF₇ group were significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). The mRNA expression levels of mice in each exposure group gradually increased over time. The Western blot results showed that compared with the corresponding control group, the protein expressions of NLRP3 and Caspase 1 in the COF₃ group were significantly increased (P<0.01), and the expression of IL-1β protein also increased but without statistical significance. The protein expressions of NLRP3, Caspase 1, and IL-1β in the COF₇ group were significantly higher than those in the CON₇ group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion Acute exposure to cooking oil fumes can induce significant inflammatory response in adipose tissue, and the effect gradually increases with the extension of exposure time. The mechanism of action may be related to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway.

Background It is unclear if there is any combined effect of air pollutants and non-optimal temperature on metabolic syndrome, or any molecular mechanisms of related signaling pathways in the process, which requires urgent systematic research. Objective To observe the effects of combined exposure to PM_2.5 and non-optimal temperature on metabolic damage at gene and protein levels in mice, and elucidate the role of related signaling pathway in crucial organs. Methods A total of 60 six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into six groups: a normal temperature-filter air group (T_N-FA), a normal temperature-concentrated PM_2.5 group (T_N-PM), a heat-filter air group (T_H-FA), a heat-concentrated PM_2.5 group (T_H-PM), a cold-filter air group (T_C-FA), and a cold-concentrated PM_2.5 group (T_C-PM). The Shanghai Meteorological and Environmental Animal Exposure System (Shanghai-METAS) was used to provide combined exposure settings of air types [concentrated PM_2.5 and filter air (FA)] and temperatures [normal (22°C), cold (4°C), and heat (30°C)] for 4 weeks. Skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue (WAT) of the mice were sampled at the end of exposure, and transcriptomics and Western blot (WB) assay were adopted to observe selected gene and protein expression levels in the samples respectively. Results The transcriptomics results indicated that the PM_2.5 exposure enhanced the number of differentially expressed genes. Specifically, 4820 genes were differentially expressed in the T_N-PM mice compared to the T_N-FA mice at normal temperature, and 1143 genes were differentially expressed in the Tc-PM mice compared to the Tc-FA mice in the cold environment. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway and the endoplasmic reticulum protein processing pathway were identified as the most significant pathways in metabolic injury resulting from combined exposure to PM_2.5 and non-optimal temperature exposure. The WB results showed that exposure to PM_2.5 in the normal temperature and the cold environments led to a significant increase in the expression of p-AKT in WAT (P<0.01, P<0.05) and a significant decrease in the expression of GLUT4 (P<0.05, P<0.01). In skeletal muscle, exposure to PM_2.5 led to a significant decrease in GLUT4 (P<0.05) in all environments, with a consistent trend of change as observed in WAT. Conclusion Cold/heat exposure might promote PM_2.5-induced metabolic disorder through suppression of the AKT/GLUT4 pathway, aggravating metabolic damage.

Objective:To investigate and analyze the level of the gross radioactivity, and its variation trend, in surrounding drinking water since the second phase expansion project at Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant was officially put into operation.Methods:From 2010 to 2022, the source water, factory water and tap water within 30 km of Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant were collected in the flood season (May) and dry period (October) every year. The total α and total β radioactivity concentrations in drinking water was measured and analyzed. The levels of total radioactivity in drinking water around different nuclear power plants in China and around non-nuclear power plant areas was compared.Results:The mean radioactivity concentrations of total α and total β were (0.021±0.019) and (0.204±0.058) Bq/L in source water, (0.010±0.005) and (0.185±0.056) Bq/L in factory water , and (0.012±0.007) and (0.170±0.058) Bq/L in tap water, respectively, all lower than the limits stipulated in the Sanitary Standards for Drinking Water. There were no significant differences in the monitoring result of betweem the three types of water samples both in the flood and dry periods ( P> 0.05). The total radioactivity level in drinking water around Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant site was close to that in drinking water around different nuclear power plants in China and around areas without nuclear power plants. Conclusions:Following the second phase of the expansion project officially being put into operation, the total α and β radioactivity level in drinking water around the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant has been in a stable trend and lower than the guidance level given in national standard.

Objective To investigate the operation status and service level of radiation occupational health inspection institutions in Zhejiang Province, China, and to provide a basis for administrative departments and quality management departments to develop policies. Methods The investigation data of radiation occupational health inspection institutions in Zhejiang Province were collected for descriptive analysis of the regional distribution, nature, and service qualification of the institutions. Results There were 27 radiation occupational health inspection institutions in Zhejiang Province. These institutions were located in 11 cities, of which 85.18% were public institutions and 14.72% were private institutions. For the physical examination workload of radiation workers in Zhejiang Province in 2021, general hospitals accounted for 75.90%, private institutions accounted for 4.51%, and occupational prevention and treatment hospitals accounted for 19.59%. In the radiation occupational health inspection institutions, the stand-alone and online software installation rates were 33.33% and 37.04%, respectively. A total of 26 986 individuals (82.97%) underwent chromosome aberration examination. The examination rates of thyroid color Doppler ultrasound examination and eye lens examination were 41.24% and 82.97%, respectively. Pre-job, on-job, and off-job physical examination accounted for 25.81%, 70.52%, and 3.67%, respectively. For radiation workers who underwent on-job physical examination, diagnostic radiology workers accounted for the highest proportion of 34.90%. The excellent, qualified, and unqualified rates of 27 radiation occupational health inspection institutions were 7.41%, 88.89%, and 3.70%, respectively. Conclusion The network of radiation occupational health inspection institutions in Zhejiang Province is well-established and located mainly in general hospitals, occupational prevention and control institutions, and private institutions. To enhance the quality and proficiency of occupational health examinations, it is imperative to prioritize self-improvement and management, reinforce law enforcement supervision, actively engage in blind sample assessments, and advance the application of information technology and standardized services.

Objective:To evaluate the guidelines on discharged health education for solid organ transplant recipients at home and abroad, analyze the characteristics of each guideline, so as to provide reference for the development of health education for organ transplantation in China.Methods:This was a guideline quality evaluation study. The guidelines on health education for discharged recipients with solid organ transplantation were searched on the websites of clinical practice guidelines, the websites of transplantation professional associations, and Chinese and English databases at home and abroad through computers. The search time limit was from January 1, 2011 to January 1, 2022. The quality of guidelines that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria was evaluated using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation Ⅱ (AGREE Ⅱ) .Results:A total of 8 guidelines were included. The overall quality evaluation of the guideline was Grade A ( n=2) and Grade B ( n=6) . In terms of standardized scores in six areas of quality evaluation, the average values of scope and purpose, stakeholder involvement, rigour of development, clarity and presentation, applicability as well as editorial independence were 87.62% (70.37%-100.00%) , 75.46% (44.44%-97.22%) , 66.54% (43.75%-93.06%) , 90.16% (77.78%-96.30%) , 48.18% (20.83%-68.75%) and 74.13% (8.30%-97.22%) , respectively. The recommendations of the guidelines covered 9 aspects: team composition and support services, drug management, infection prevention, complication management, diet and nutrition, daily life and social reintegration, contraception and reproduction, psychological guidance and follow-up review. Conclusions:The development of guidelines for different types of solid organ transplantation varies. The overall quality of the guidelines needs to be improved and the content needs to be refined. In the future, we can learn from foreign high-quality guidelines to carry out localization practice, so as to build a health education related guideline for discharge of solid organ transplantation that is suitable for China's national conditions as soon as possible.

Objective:To investigate the levels of gross radioactivity in drinking water in Hangzhou city before and after Qiandao Lake as the water source to the main urban area of Hangzhou.Methods:Since 2012, water samples were collected from water source, factory water and peripheral water in rainy and dry seasons, respectively, to determine their gross α and β activity concentrations for comparison and analysis.Results:The gross radioactivity levels in drinking water in Hangzhou are lower than the limits specified in the national standard "Standards for drinking water quality" (GB 5749-2006), without statistically significant difference for these water sources between the rainy and dry season ( P>0.05). The gross α(0.008±0.000)and gross β(0.034±0.013)levels in Qiandao lake were both less than those in Qiantang river ( Z=-3.235, -4.058, P<0.05), with significant difference ( Z=-2.181, -4.577, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in gross α and gross β in factory water and peripheral water before and after the operation of Qiandao Lake water supply project ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The gross radioactivity in drinking water in downtown Hangzhou are low from 2012 to 2020. The gross radioactivity levels in Qiandao Lake are lower than in the lower reaches of Qiantang river and Dongtiao steam. No impact was generated on radioactivity levels in drinking water after Qiandao lake supplied water to Hangzhou.

Objective:To investigate and analyze the radioactivity levels of 90Sr and 137Cs in drinking water and 137Cs in food after the installation of the first AP1000 nuclear power unit in China. Methods:From 2012 to 2019, four drinking water monitoring points around AP1000 nuclear power unit located at Sanmen nuclear power plant site were collected during the wet season and dry season, 90Sr and 137Cs and radioactivity concentrations were determined in drinking water. Local rice, cabbage, crucian and mullet were collected to determine the radioactivity concentration of 137Cs. Results:From 2012 to 2019, the radioactivity concentrations of 90Sr and 137Cs in drinking water were 1.2-9.8 mBq/L and 0.2-8.1 mBq/L, respectively. The radioactivity concentration of 137Cs in food were 1.1×10 -2-2.8×10 -1 Bq/kg, lower than the limits specified in the Limited concentrations of radioactive materials in foods (GB 14882-94). Conclusions:After the installation of the first AP1000 nuclear power unit in China, the radioactivity levels of 90Sr and 137Cs in drinking water and 137Cs in foods are stable, without environmental impact identified.

Objective:To investigate the changes of T lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in children with he-patitis B virus(HBV)-associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN), and their relationship with HBV-DNA load.Methods:Forty-one children who was the first diagnosed with HBV-GN in Department of Pediatrics, the People′s Hospital of Gansu Province and Institute of Infectious Diseases, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University from September 2012 to September 2016 were collected as the objects(HBV-GN group). At the same time, the 40 patients with HBV infection (chronic HBV infection, normal liver and kidney function, normal 24-hour proteinuria quantitation, no hematuria under the microscope, no recent symptoms of cold and fever, etc.) were enrolled as the control group.The levels of T lymphocyte subset, tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in the HBV-GN group and the control group were compared, and the relationship between HBV-DNA and cell factors was farther analyzed.Results:Compared with the control group, the proportions of CD3 + T, CD4 + T lymphocyte and CD4 + /CD8 + ratio decreased in the HBV-GN group(0.632±0.052 vs.0.692±0.047, 0.204±0.050 vs.0.466±0.038, 0.006±0.002 vs.0.017±0.003, t=1.025, 3.342, 5.234, all P<0.05), and the proportions of CD8 + T lymphocyte was significantly higher than that in the control group (0.411±0.023 vs.0.220±0.043, t=4.452, P<0.01). Besides, IL-2 and IFN-γ levels in the HBV-GN group were significantly lower than those in the control group[(23.36±2.55) ng/L vs.(36.33±1.24) ng/L, (19.20±2.18) ng/L vs.(61.25±2.08) ng/L, all P<0.05], and the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were significantly higher than those in the control group[(19.60±1.46) ng/L vs.( 6.68±2.32) ng/L, (13.65±3.34) ng/L vs.(1.35±1.52) ng/L, (5.57±1.02) ng/L vs.(1.43±0.57) ng/L, (26.32±3.45) ng/L vs.(9.68±2.55) ng/L, (19.82±2.78) ng/L vs.(1.02±0.56) ng/L, all P<0.01]. Moreover, in HBV-GN patients, there was negative correlation between HBV-DNA load and IFN-γ, IL-2( r=-0.985, -0.943, all P<0.05), and positive relationship in HBV-DNA load with TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 and IL -10 levels( r=0.942, 0.966, 0.953, 0.944, 0.963, all P<0.05). Conclusions:There is an CD4 + /CD8 + imbalance and an abnormal level of cell factors in HBV-GN progression.In further HBV-GN treatment, HBV-DNA and the cell factors should be detected simultaneously to dynamically eva-luate the illness change and the clinical curative effect.