BACKGROUND: Iron deposition plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the distribution pattern of iron deposition in the subcortical nuclei has been inconsistent across previous studies. We aimed to assess the difference patterns of iron deposition detected by quantitative iron-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between patients with PD and patients with atypical parkinsonian syndromes (APSs), and between patients with PD and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases to identify studies investigating the iron content in PD patients using the iron-sensitive MRI techniques (R2 * and quantitative susceptibility mapping [QSM]), up until May 1, 2023. The quality assessment of case-control and cohort studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, whereas diagnostic studies were assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2. Standardized mean differences and summary estimates of sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated for iron content, using a random effects model. We also conducted the subgroup-analysis based on the MRI sequence and meta-regression. RESULTS: Seventy-seven studies with 3192 PD, 209 multiple system atrophy (MSA), 174 progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and 2447 HCs were included. Elevated iron content in substantia nigra (SN) pars reticulata ( P <0.001) and compacta ( P <0.001), SN ( P <0.001), red nucleus (RN, P <0.001), globus pallidus ( P <0.001), putamen (PUT, P = 0.021), and thalamus ( P = 0.029) were found in PD patients compared with HCs. PD patients showed lower iron content in PUT ( P <0.001), RN ( P = 0.003), SN ( P = 0.017), and caudate nucleus ( P = 0.017) than MSA patients, and lower iron content in RN ( P = 0.001), PUT ( P <0.001), globus pallidus ( P = 0.004), SN ( P = 0.015), and caudate nucleus ( P = 0.001) than PSP patients. The highest diagnostic accuracy distinguishing PD from HCs was observed in SN (AUC: 0.85), and that distinguishing PD from MSA was found in PUT (AUC: 0.90). In addition, the best diagnostic performance was achieved in the RN for distinguishing PD from PSP (AUC: 0.86). CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative iron-sensitive MRI could quantitatively detect the iron content of subcortical nuclei in PD and APSs, while it may be insufficient to accurately diagnose PD. Future studies are needed to explore the role of multimodal MRI in the diagnosis of PD. REGISTRISION PROSPERO (CRD42022344413).
Humans ; Parkinson Disease/diagnostic imaging* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods* ; Iron/metabolism*

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, highlighting the urgent need for improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Biomarkers from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, and peripheral tissue hold promise for early PD detection. In addition, neuroimaging techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and positron emission tomography (PET), allow for detailed visualization of neurodegeneration and associated structural and functional brain changes. This review summarizes recent advances in PD biomarkers and neuroimaging, highlighting their diagnostic potential and implications for future research.

Robotic natural orifice specimen extraction surgery for right colon cancer has been conducted with progressive refinements. To facilitate the standardized implementation of this surgical technique, the adoption of rigorous quality control measures is paramount. The present article outlines the key aspects of quality control for robotic natural orifice specimen extraction right hemicolectomy surgery, encompassing the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases, as well as the training and credentialing requirements for the operating surgeons, with the aim of providing a reference framework to facilitate the safe and reliable implementation and dissemination of this minimally invasive approach for right colon cancer.

Robotic natural orifice specimen extraction surgery for right colon cancer has been conducted with progressive refinements. To facilitate the standardized implementation of this surgical technique, the adoption of rigorous quality control measures is paramount. The present article outlines the key aspects of quality control for robotic natural orifice specimen extraction right hemicolectomy surgery, encompassing the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases, as well as the training and credentialing requirements for the operating surgeons, with the aim of providing a reference framework to facilitate the safe and reliable implementation and dissemination of this minimally invasive approach for right colon cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate therapeutic efficacy and safety of Compound muni ziqi granules in the adjuvant treatment of chloasma, and to provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment. METHODS; Retrieved from Chinese Journal Full-text Database (CJFD), China Scientific Journal Database (CSJD), Wanfang database, Medline and Embase, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about therapeutic efficacy (total response rate, cure rate, the decrease level of E2, FSH and LH in serum) and safety of Compound muni ziqi granules alone or combined with routine drug (trial group) vs. routine drug (control group) in the treatment of chloasma were collected. Meta-analysis was conducted by using Rev Man 5. 3 statistical software after data extraction of clinical studies meeting inclusion criteria and quality evaluation with Cochrane systematic evaluator manual 5. 1. 0. RESULTS: Totally 12 RCTs were enrolled, involving 1 100 patients. Results of Meta-analysis showed that total response rate [OR=2. 84, 95％CI(2. 20, 3. 67), P<0. 001], cure rate [OR=2. 11, 95％CI(1. 59, 2. 79),P<0. 001],decrease level of Ez [OR=-98. 64, 95％ CI (-110. 84, -86. 44), P <0. 001], decrease level of FSH [OR=-1. 85, 95％CI(-2. 58,-1. 11),P<0. 001] and decrease level of LH [OR= - 5. 85, 95％ CI (-6. 83, -4. 87), P<0. 001] in trial group were significantly better than control group, with statistical significance. In trial group, a few patients suffered from the increase of menstruation, the decrease of menstruation, temporary pigmentation and transient burnout; but all symptoms did not affect the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Compound muni ziqi granules show definite clinical efficacy and good response rate in the adjuvant treatment of chloasma with mild ADR.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective way to treat many movement disorders.The volume of tissue activated (VTA) by DBS refers to the region regulated by pulses,which is generated by the electrode contacts.It is associated with the therapeutic effect and side effects;as a result,precise regulation of VTA plays an important role in patient-specific treatment.This article summarizes the factors which affect VTA.

Objective To study the mental health conditions of students majored in stomatology and dental technology in internships,and to provide evidences and guidelines for education before and during exercitation.Methods Totally 90 students majored in stomatology and 60 students majored in dental technology in internships were surveyed by the questionnaires of symptom checklist (SCL90)and perceived social support scale (PSSS).Results were analyzed by SPSS 14.0.Measurement data was analyzed using t test comparison between groups,showed as mean ± standard deviation ((x) ± s).Positive screening rate and rate between male and female were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U inspection.The inspection level is α =0.05.Results Scores of somatization,paranoia and anxiety factors among students majored in stomatology were (1.49 ± 0.56),(1.52 ± 0.43),(1.73 ± 0.58),all significantly higher than those of the national norm of youth.Positive rate of mental diseases among students majored in dental technology was 77.59％ and their scores of somatization,constraint,anxiety,psychotic factors were (1.69 ±0.55),(2.07 ±0.5),(1.68 ±0.51) and (1.54 ±0.39),all significantly higher than those of students majored in stomatology.There was no difference in the scores of rest factors between the two groups.Scores of PSSS among students majored in dental technology were significantly lower than those of students majored stomatology.Conclusions Students of different majors all suffer from psychological problems with different degrees.Therefore,education,management and social support before and during exercitation should be emphasized in the prevention of psychological diseases.

Objective To elucidate the mutations of NPHS1 gene in children with sporadic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) in Southern Chinese Han ethnic group.Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected for genetic analysis from 40 patients with sporadic SRNS and 50 healthy volunteers as control.Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leucocytes.Twenty-nine exons and exon-intron boundaries of the NPHS1 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction.Mutational analysis was performed by DNA sequencing directly.Results Seven variants,928G＞A(D310N),2677A＞G (T893A),2869G＞C (V957L),IVS8+30C＞T,IVS21+14G＞A,IVS25-23C＞T and *142T＞C,of NPHS1 gene were found in 6 of 40 children with sporadic SRNS,whereas they were not found in 50 healthy controls.2677A ＞G,IVS8 +30C ＞T,IVS21 +14G＞A,IVS25-23C ＞T and *142T＞C were novel.Moreover,thirteen already reported NPHS1 polymorphisms,294C＞T,349G＞A,IVS3+15C＞T,IVS3+61A＞G,803G＞A,IVS8+68A＞G,1339G ＞A,1802G ＞C,2223C ＞T,2289C ＞T,IVS24 +36C ＞T,3315G＞A and IVS27 +45C ＞T,were detected in some patients and controls. Conclusions NPHS1 mutations in 6 of 40 children with sporadic SRNS in Southern Chinese Han ethnic group (15％) are detected.NPHS1 mutations are existed in Southern Chinese children,so it is necessary to perform the mutation analysis of NPHS1 gene in those children patients.