Objective: To investigate the prevalence of abnormal foot arch morphology and its associated factors among primary and secondary school students in Ganzhou City, so as to provide evidence for the prevention of such abnormalities. Methods: From November 2023 to May 2024, a questionnaire was conducted among 1 013 primary and secondary school students, who were selected from one primary school and one nine year continuous school with stratified cluster random sampling method. Professional equipment, including 2D foot scanning and plantar pressure plates, was utilized to screen pupils for abnormal foot arch morphology (including flatfoot and high arched foot). The Chi square was employed for intergroup comparisons, whilst multifactorial Logistic regression analysis was utilized to investigate the associated factors for the occurrence of foot morphological abnormality of arch among students. Results: The prevalence rate of flatfoot among primary and secondary school students at 61.1%, with bilateral cases accounting for 37.5% and unilateral cases for 23.6%; the prevalence of high arched foot was 8.0%, comprising 3.9% in both feet and 4.0% in one foot. The prevalence rates of flatfoot among boys and girls were 68.7% and 53.6% respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that boys had a 1.45 times higher risk of developing flatfoot compared to girls ( OR =1.45, 95% CI = 1.05- 2.02), primary and secondary students aged 6-8 and 9-10 had 4.00, 3.81 times higher risk of flatfoot respectively compared to those aged 15-16 ( OR =4.00, 3.81, 95% CI =2.18-7.36, 2.08-6.99) (all P <0.05). Compared to girls, boys had a lower risk of developing high arched foot ( OR=0.52, 95%CI =0.28-0.95), primary and secondary students who frequently corrected their sitting and standing posture also had a lower risk of high arched foot ( OR = 0.30, 95% CI =0.10-0.88) (both P <0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of abnormal foot arch morphology among primary and secondary school students is relatively high, with exercise habits, and postural behaviour identified as associated factors. It is recommended to enhance early screening and behavioural interventions for key populations, thereby advancing the prevention and correction of foot morphological abnormality of arch.

ObjectiveTo explore whether fluoroethylnormemantine （FENM）， an NMDA receptor antagonist， could improve compulsive-like behaviors and to investigate its underlying mechanisms in the RU24969-induced obsessive-compulsive disorder （OCD） mouse model. MethodsThirty-two mice were randomly assigned to four groups： Saline （n=8）， RU24969 （n=8）， RU+FENM （n=8）， and FENM （n=8）. Mice received FENM or an equivalent volume of saline for pre-treatment， followed by RU24969 or saline for model induction 30 minutes later. Behavioral tests were performed 1 hour after modeling， and serum samples were collected to measure the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）. Evans Blue dye was intravenously injected to assess dye content in brain tissue， thereby evaluating potential blood-brain barrier damage. ResultsFENM treatment significantly improved repetitive stereotyped circling behavior （F=39.850， P＜0.001） and alleviated persistent motor activity （F=50.200， P＜0.001） in RU24969 model mice. Additionally， FENM treatment significantly increased serum BDNF level in RU24969-induced OCD mice （F=18.930， P＜0.001）. ConclusionsFENM ， an NMDA receptor antagonist， may alleviate compulsive behaviors in OCD mice by modulating BDNF levels ， thereby exerting anti-compulsive effects. Neither the RU24969 model nor FENM treatment significantly affectes blood-brain barrier integrity.

Objective To characterize the epidemiological,radiographic and clinical features of transmigrated mandibular canines by cone-beam CT(CBCT),in order to provide assistance for treatment planning.Methods Patients treated at our institution diagnosed with mandibular canines transmigration were retrospectively screened using CBCT images from June 2012 to December 2018.Clinical and radiographic parameters including location,classification,neighbouring structures,and associated anomalies were evaluated.Re-sults Eighty-two patients with 85 transmigrated mandibular canines were enrolled,establishing a prevalence of 0.11％(82/75 021).Among these cases,79 patients had unilateral transmigration of mandibular canines;the other 3 had bilateral transmigrations.Thirty-nine cases were male and 43 were female,with age ranging from 10 to 58.According to the Mupparapu classification,type Ⅰ(42,49.41％)was the most prevalent followed by type Ⅱ(19,22.35％)and type Ⅲ(15,17.65％).Fifty-three(62.35％)crowns were located labially,and often associated with odontoma,cyst and supernumerary tooth.Seventy transmigrated canines were surgically re-moved while 2 cases were tried to orthodontically aligned,failed and finally extracted.Ten cases received routine monitoring.Conclu-sion The transmigration of mandibular canines is rarely occurring abnormality with certain clinical imaging features which can assist in clinical diagnosis and treatment planning.

Objective To characterize the epidemiological,radiographic and clinical features of transmigrated mandibular canines by cone-beam CT(CBCT),in order to provide assistance for treatment planning.Methods Patients treated at our institution diagnosed with mandibular canines transmigration were retrospectively screened using CBCT images from June 2012 to December 2018.Clinical and radiographic parameters including location,classification,neighbouring structures,and associated anomalies were evaluated.Re-sults Eighty-two patients with 85 transmigrated mandibular canines were enrolled,establishing a prevalence of 0.11％(82/75 021).Among these cases,79 patients had unilateral transmigration of mandibular canines;the other 3 had bilateral transmigrations.Thirty-nine cases were male and 43 were female,with age ranging from 10 to 58.According to the Mupparapu classification,type Ⅰ(42,49.41％)was the most prevalent followed by type Ⅱ(19,22.35％)and type Ⅲ(15,17.65％).Fifty-three(62.35％)crowns were located labially,and often associated with odontoma,cyst and supernumerary tooth.Seventy transmigrated canines were surgically re-moved while 2 cases were tried to orthodontically aligned,failed and finally extracted.Ten cases received routine monitoring.Conclu-sion The transmigration of mandibular canines is rarely occurring abnormality with certain clinical imaging features which can assist in clinical diagnosis and treatment planning.

Objective To compare the biomechanical characteristics of small-angle rotation force versus traditional buccal-lingual force in the extraction of vertically impacted mandibular third molars with single conical roots by a three-dimensional finite element analysis.Methods A patient with a vertical mandibular third molar featuring a conical single root was selected.Spiral CT data were acquired and three-dimensional finite element analysis models were constructed using software including MIMICS,Geomagic Wrap,and Solidworks.ANSYS was utilized to simulate both the small-angle rotation and buccal-lingual forces for tooth extraction.Comparative an-alyses of the biomechanical characteristics of these two forces were conducted by measuring Von-Mises stress and strain distribution.Results In the small-anglerotation force,high-stress and strain areas of tooth,periodontal ligament,and alveolar bone were predomi-nantly concentrated at the cervical region and the upper half of the root,with a more uniform distribution and a broader horizontal diffu-sion range compared to the vertical diffusion range.In the buccal-lingual force,high-stress and strain areas were primarily located at the cervical region and the lower half of the root,particularly at the apical area,with a broader vertical diffusion range compared to the hor-izontal diffusion range.The lingual cortical plate and alveolar bone experienced significantly lower stress in the small-angle rotation force than that in the buccal-lingual force.The overall stress values within the periodontal ligament were markedly higher in the small-angle rotation force,with a more uniform distribution.Conclusion The small-angle rotation force is more likely to tear the periodontal liga-ment and reduce trauma associated with tooth extraction compared to the buccal-lingual force in surgical extraction of vertically impacted mandibular third molars with single conical roots.

Objective To compare the biomechanical characteristics of small-angle rotation force versus traditional buccal-lingual force in the extraction of vertically impacted mandibular third molars with single conical roots by a three-dimensional finite element analysis.Methods A patient with a vertical mandibular third molar featuring a conical single root was selected.Spiral CT data were acquired and three-dimensional finite element analysis models were constructed using software including MIMICS,Geomagic Wrap,and Solidworks.ANSYS was utilized to simulate both the small-angle rotation and buccal-lingual forces for tooth extraction.Comparative an-alyses of the biomechanical characteristics of these two forces were conducted by measuring Von-Mises stress and strain distribution.Results In the small-anglerotation force,high-stress and strain areas of tooth,periodontal ligament,and alveolar bone were predomi-nantly concentrated at the cervical region and the upper half of the root,with a more uniform distribution and a broader horizontal diffu-sion range compared to the vertical diffusion range.In the buccal-lingual force,high-stress and strain areas were primarily located at the cervical region and the lower half of the root,particularly at the apical area,with a broader vertical diffusion range compared to the hor-izontal diffusion range.The lingual cortical plate and alveolar bone experienced significantly lower stress in the small-angle rotation force than that in the buccal-lingual force.The overall stress values within the periodontal ligament were markedly higher in the small-angle rotation force,with a more uniform distribution.Conclusion The small-angle rotation force is more likely to tear the periodontal liga-ment and reduce trauma associated with tooth extraction compared to the buccal-lingual force in surgical extraction of vertically impacted mandibular third molars with single conical roots.

Objective To develop a deep learning network based on attention mechanism to identify the number of the vertical man-dibular third molar(MTM)roots(single or double)on panoramic radiographs in an automatic way.Methods The sample consisted of 1 045 patients with 1 642 MTMs on paired panoramic radiographs and Cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT)and were randomly grouped into the training(80%),the validation(10%),and the test(10%).The evaluation of CBCT was defined as the ground truth.A deep learning network based on attention mechanism,which was named as RN-MTMnet,was trained to judge if the MTM on pano-ramic radiographs had one or two roots.Diagnostic performance was evaluated by accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,and positive predict value(PPV),and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve with the area under the ROC curve(AUC).Its diagnostic perform-ance was compared with dentists'diagnosis,Faster-RCNN,CenterNet,and SSD using evaluation metrics.Results On CBCT images,single-rooted MTM was observed on 336(20.46%)sides,while two-rooted MTM was 1 306(79.54%).The RN-MTMnet achieved an accuracy of 0.888,a sensitivity of 0.885,a specificity of 0.903,a PPV of 0.976,and the AUC value of 0.90.Conclusion RN-MTM-net is developed as a novel,robust and accurate method for detecting the numberof MTM roots on panoramic radiographs.

Objective To investigate the effect of nicotine on coagulation in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury rats.Methods 32 male Sprague-dawley rats,weighing 250-300g,were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=8):sham operation group(S),intestinal ischemia-reperfusion(IR)group,nicotine(NIC)group,α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(α7nAchR)antagonist group α-bungarotoxin(α-BGT)group.Intestinal IR was induced by clamping superior mesenteric artery for 45min and 120min of reperfusion.In group NIC nicotine 400μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 30min before superior mesenteric artery occlusion.In group α-BGT 1μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 15min before superior mesenteric artery occlusion.Plasma tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),tissue factor(TF),antithrombin(AT),tissue plasminogen activator(tPA),fiber plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1),D-dimer levels and platelet count(PLT)were measured after 120min reperfusion.Chiu's count was used to assess the changes in intestinal mucosal pathlolgical morphology.Results Compared with group S and group NIC,the plasma TNF-α,TF,tPA,PAI-1 and D-dimer levels were significantly increased,and plasma AT level and platelet count were significantly decreased,in group IR and group α-BGT(P<0.05),Chiu's scores were significantly increased(P<0.05).Conclusion Nicotine can inhibit the excessive activation of coagulation function in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury rats.Its mechanism may be related to activation of cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway,reducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines thereby reducing endothelial cell injury.

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) combined with bronchial blocker (BB) placement in thoracoscopic surgery.Methods:A randomized controlled study was conducted involving 60 patients scheduled for thoracoscopic surgery at The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from November to December 2023. These patients were classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-II. They were divided into an observation group (BB placement) and a control group (double-lumen bronchial blocker placement) using the random number table method, with 30 patients in each group. Preoperatively, TPVB was performed under ultrasound guidance. After the induction of general anesthesia, a single-lumen tracheal tube was inserted, followed by the placement of a BB in the observation group, while a corresponding type of double-lumen bronchial tube was inserted in the control group. A fiberoptic bronchoscope was used for positioning and fixation in both groups, and anesthesia was maintained with intravenous anesthesia. The following parameters were assessed in each group: positioning time for intubation; number of cases with tube displacement; number of cases of postoperative pharyngeal pain; hemodynamic parameters [mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR)] before and after intubation; and blood gas analysis [partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2) and carbon dioxide (PaCO 2)]. Additionally, the surgical field exposure score and the dosages of propofol and remifentanil administered during surgery were recorded. Levels of inflammatory markers [interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α, and TNF-β] and Visual Analog Scale scores for pain at rest and during cough, recorded at 2, 4, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively were compared between the two groups. Results:The total amounts of propofol [(569.7 ± 29.2) mg] and remifentanil [(289.3 ± 46.3) μg] in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group [(612.6 ± 28.7) mg, (361.7 ± 40.6) μg, t = 5.74, 6.44, both P = 0.001]. The recovery time in the observation group [(31.8 ± 11.4) minutes] was significantly shorter than that in the control group [(37.5 ± 10.1) minutes, t = 2.10, P = 0.040]. There was no significant difference in positioning time for intubation between observation and control groups [(67 ± 13) seconds vs. (80 ± 36) seconds, t = 1.86, P = 0.068). There was no significant difference in percentage of cases who underwent tube displacement after intubation between observation and control group [23.3% (7/30) vs. 16.7% (5/30), χ2 = 0.58, P = 0.445]. The incidence of postoperative pharyngeal pain in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [10.0% (3/30) vs. 33.3% (10/30), χ2 = 5.02, P = 0.025). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of number of cases with tube displacement, hemodynamic parameters, blood gas analysis, inflammatory markers, surgical field exposure, and postoperative Visual Analog Scale scores between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusion:Ultrasound-guided TPVB combined with BB placement during thoracoscopic surgery can reduce airway injury compared with the use of a double-lumen bronchial tube. It provides adequate sedation and analgesia during the procedure, facilitates rapid awakening, promotes early recovery of spontaneous breathing, and has fewer adverse reactions, making it worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective: To compare the diagnostic performance between panoramic radiography(PR)and cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)in the assessment of external root resorption(ERR)of mandibular second molars associated with impacted third molars. Methods: A total number of 832 patients with 1 074 mesially and horizontally impacted mandibular third molars treated at our institution from January 2019 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Presence of ERR on the adjacent second molar was investigated with PR and CBCT. Factors affecting the diagnostic accuracy of PR were determined. Results: The overall incidence of ERR in second molars was 33.15%(356/1 074)as detected by CBCT images. The accuracy of PR was 66.39%. Multivariate Logistic regression analyses further revealed that middle and Class Ⅲ impaction, crown contact or overlap with the root of adjacent tooth were risk factors for inaccurate diagnosis of PR(P<0.05). Conclusion The accuracy of detection on ERR of mandibular second molar associated with impacted third molar using panoramic radiography is lower. CBCT is recommended for this clinical scenario.