Objective:To understand the species of mosquitoes and the status of important mosquito-borne viruses in the Ningxia surveyed regions, to identify the dominant mosquito species and virus types, and to analyze their genetic characteristics, providing a scientific basis for predicting and controlling mosquito-borne infectious diseases.Methods:Mosquitoes were collected using light traps in Yinchuan and Wuzhong cities of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and the collected mosquitoes were classified and identified. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), West Nile virus (WNV), Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Sindbis virus (SINV) carried by mosquitoes. The positive sample was subjected to sequencing the whole genome, and the phylogenetic tree of virus strains was constructed using bioinformatics methods.Results:From June to August 2023, a total of 8 561 mosquitoes of 3 genera and 6 species were collected in Yinchuan and Wuzhong cities, Ningxia, among which Culex pipiens pallens was the dominant species with 3 050 individuals, accounting for 35.63%; Anopheles sinensis with 2 379 individuals, accounting for 27.79%; Culex tritaeniorhynchus with 1 489 individuals, accounting for 17.39%; Caspian Aedes with 1 468 individuals, accounting for 27.79%; Aedes vexans with 152 individuals, accounting for 1.78%; and Culex modestus with 23 individuals, accounting for 0.27%. JEV GIb type was detected in the specimens of Culex tritaeniorhynchus collected in Qingtongxia city. Conclusions:The dominant mosquito species in the surveyed areas of Ningxia are primarily Culex pipiens pallens, and JEV GIb virus was detected in Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Qingtongxia city. This study provides basic data for understanding the current status of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne viruses in the Ningxia region and offers scientific guidance for further public health prevention and control measures.

Objective To investigate the prognostic value of optic nerve sheath diameter(ONSD)measured by critical care ultrasound combined with serum biomarkers[S100 calcium-binding protein β(S100β)and neuron-specific enolase(NSE)]in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.Methods A total of 103 adult severe traumatic brain injury patients admitted to the intensive care unit of this hospital from A-pril 1,2023,to April 1,2024 were enrolled.All patients underwent invasive intracranial pressure monitoring after admission,alongside bedside critical care ultrasound measurement of ONSD at 3 mm behind the globe and serum biomarker testing.Baseline data and Glasgow outcome scale(GOS)scores at 90 days after dis-charge were recorded.Patients were divided into the survival and the non-survival groups based on GOS scores.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis and area under the curve(AUC)were used to evaluate the predictive performance of ONSD and serum biomarkers for poor prognosis in severe traumatic brain injury patients.Results Ninety-six patients were ultimately included,with 52(54.1％)in the survival group and 44(45.9％)in the non-survival group.Significant differences were observed in blood glucose,Glas-gow coma scale(GCS)score,acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)score,ONSD,NSE,and S100β levels(P＜0.05)between the two groups.Multivariate analysis identified ONSD(OR=4.962,95％CI:3.473-6.254),NSE(OR=2.704,95％CI:1.987-3.033),S100β(OR=2.983,95％CI:1.843-4.571),and APACHE Ⅱ score(OR=3.726,95％CI:2.837-4.592)as independent predictors of mortality in severe traumatic brain injury patients(P＜0.05).The combination of ONSD,NSE,and S100β yielded an AUC of 0.840 for predicting poor prognosis,with a specificity of 88.3％and sensitivity of 98.6％.Conclusion ONSD and serum brain injury biomarkers(NSE,S100β)are associated with in-hospital prognosis in severe traumatic brain injury patients.Their combined detection can effectively predict a poor outcome.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of drug resistance genes of carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli (CPECO) in Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2021 to 2023, providing data support and theoretical basis for controlling nosocomial infections of CPECO.Methods:Using a cross-sectional study, 30 carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CRECO) strains confirmed by VITEK-2 Compact identification and drug sensitivity test in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2021 to 2023 were tested, using carbapenemase inhibitor enhancement test to conduct preliminary screening of carbapenemases, and colloidal gold immunochromatography and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to determine the phenotypes and genotypes of common carbapenemases ( blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP, blaOXA) respectively, and the genotypes ( blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX) of common extended Spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) were confirmed using PCR. The PCR amplification products of carbapenemase and ESBL positive strains were Sanger-sequenced, and the sequencing products were compared on the Blast website to determine the exact carbapenemase and ESBL genotypes. Sequence typing (ST) was performed on CPECO using the Achtman multi-locus sequence typing scheme to determine the cloning relationship between different strains. Results:A total of 21 CPECO strains were screened. Drug sensitivity test results showed that CPECO strains showed widespread drug resistance, with the resistance rate to monocyclic (aztreonam) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole being over 60%(16/21, 14/21), and the resistance rate to other antibacterial drugs being 100%. Only the sensitivity to aminoglycosides and fosfomycin remained relatively high, and no strains resistant to tigecycline and colistin were found. Colloidal gold immunochromatography detected 18 blaNDM types, 2 blaKPC types, and 1 blaIMP type. Sequencing of drug resistance gene PCR products classified 17 blaNDM-5 strains, 1 blaNDM-4 strain, 2 blaKPC-2 strain, and 1 blaIMP-4 strain, which were completely consistent with the results of screening test and colloidal gold immunochromatography. ESBL resistance gene testing showed that the detection rate of blaTEM was 42.9%(9/21), blaCTX-M was 33.3%(7/21), and blaSHV was 4.8%(1/21). The rate of blaNDM producing CPECO carrying both ESBL resistance genes was 27.8%(5/18). The MLST typing results revealed 11 sequence types (STs), including one ST155 clonal complex and nine singleton STs. Among these, there were seven strains of ST167, five strains of ST410, and one strain each of ST58, ST68, ST69, ST93, ST131, ST155, ST648, ST1114, and ST3268. Conclusion:The main resistance mechanism identified in this study for CPECO was the production of blaNDM-5 carbapenemase, with a high proportion of strains also carrying blaTEM-1D and/or blaCTX-M-15 ESBLs. MLST typing found that the epidemic strain of CPECO showed certain polymorphism, but there were clonal transmission of multiple clonal complexes between ST167 and ST410.

Objective To explore the effect of evening primrose oil(EPO)on aortic endothelial damage in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS),using network pharmacology and in vivo experiments.Methods The potential targets of EPO for improving aortic endothelial injury in PCOS rats were predicted by network pharmacology,and the selected core targets and renin-angiotensin signaling(RAS)pathway were verified by experiments.Fifty-eight female SD rats were divided randomly into a blank group(n=10)and a modeling group(n=48).Rats in the blank group were fed a normal diet and rats in the modeling group received a high-fat diet for 8 weeks.The PCOS model was prepared at week 6 by administration of letrozole(1 mg/(kg·d))for 21 days.Blood was taken from the tail vein after modeling and serum was collected to detect hormone levels.The model rats were then divided randomly into four groups and treated with the corresponding drugs for 6 weeks.Blood,blood vessels,and ovaries were then collected.Tissue morphology was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining and serum levels of luteinizing hormone(LH),testosterone(T),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),endothelin(ET-1),and tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Serum levels of nitric oxide(NO)were determined by spectrophotometry.Protein expression levels of core targets and RAS pathway-related factors were assessed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry.Results Twenty-five intersection targets of EPO and PCOS were identified by network pharmacological analysis.Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis showed that EPO improved vascular injury in PCOS rats via multiple pathways,including RAS.Serum levels of ET-1,FSH,LH,and T measured by ELISA were significantly decreased after EPO treatment,compared with the model group(P＜0.01).EPO significantly decreased the expression levels of Ang Ⅰ,VEGF-B,AT2R,ET-1,and TNF-α proteins in the aorta(P＜0.01)and significantly increased expression levels of Ang Ⅱ,CD31,and endothelial NO synthase proteins(P＜0.01).Conclusions EPO may ameliorate vascular endothelial injury in PCOS model rats by inhibiting the RAS signaling pathway and by overactivation of the ACE/Ang Ⅱ/AT1 axis.

Objective To explore the effect of evening primrose oil(EPO)on aortic endothelial damage in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS),using network pharmacology and in vivo experiments.Methods The potential targets of EPO for improving aortic endothelial injury in PCOS rats were predicted by network pharmacology,and the selected core targets and renin-angiotensin signaling(RAS)pathway were verified by experiments.Fifty-eight female SD rats were divided randomly into a blank group(n=10)and a modeling group(n=48).Rats in the blank group were fed a normal diet and rats in the modeling group received a high-fat diet for 8 weeks.The PCOS model was prepared at week 6 by administration of letrozole(1 mg/(kg·d))for 21 days.Blood was taken from the tail vein after modeling and serum was collected to detect hormone levels.The model rats were then divided randomly into four groups and treated with the corresponding drugs for 6 weeks.Blood,blood vessels,and ovaries were then collected.Tissue morphology was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining and serum levels of luteinizing hormone(LH),testosterone(T),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),endothelin(ET-1),and tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Serum levels of nitric oxide(NO)were determined by spectrophotometry.Protein expression levels of core targets and RAS pathway-related factors were assessed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry.Results Twenty-five intersection targets of EPO and PCOS were identified by network pharmacological analysis.Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis showed that EPO improved vascular injury in PCOS rats via multiple pathways,including RAS.Serum levels of ET-1,FSH,LH,and T measured by ELISA were significantly decreased after EPO treatment,compared with the model group(P＜0.01).EPO significantly decreased the expression levels of Ang Ⅰ,VEGF-B,AT2R,ET-1,and TNF-α proteins in the aorta(P＜0.01)and significantly increased expression levels of Ang Ⅱ,CD31,and endothelial NO synthase proteins(P＜0.01).Conclusions EPO may ameliorate vascular endothelial injury in PCOS model rats by inhibiting the RAS signaling pathway and by overactivation of the ACE/Ang Ⅱ/AT1 axis.

Objective:To investigate the iodine nutrition level of different populations in Daxing District of Beijing, and to provide a basis for implementation of "tailored measures, classified guidance, and scientific iodine supplementation" for prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods:From 2020 to 2023, Daxing District of Beijing was divided into 5 districts from April to September each year based on east, west, south, north, and center. One township (street) was selected from each district, and 20 pregnant women, 40 women of childbearing age, 40 adult males, and 40 non boarding children aged 8 to 10 from one primary school were selected from each township (street). At the same time, 100 pregnant women with current addresses in Daxing District, Beijing were selected from one obstetrics hospital in Daxing District every year. Once random urine sample was collected from all survey subjects, and the household edible salt samples were collected from children and 400 pregnant women for determination of urinary iodine and salt iodine levels.Results:From 2020 to 2023, a total of 3 022 urine samples were collected, including 920, 700, 702, and 700 samples from children aged 8 - 10, pregnant women, women of childbearing age, and adult males, respectively. The median urinary iodine levels were 181.1, 135.0, 144.0, and 140.0 μg/L, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in urinary iodine levels among children aged 8 - 10, pregnant women, and women of childbearing age in different years ( H = 77.88, 9.40, 22.11, P < 0.05). A total of 1 320 household edible salt samples were collected from children aged 8 - 10 and pregnant women. Among them, 920 salt samples were collected from children, the median salt iodine was 21.3 mg/kg, the iodized salt coverage rate was 88.48% (814/920), and the qualified iodized salt consumption rate was 80.76% (743/920). Four hundred salt samples were collected from pregnant women, the median salt iodine was 21.8 mg/kg, the coverage rate of iodized salt was 90.25% (361/400), and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 77.50% (310/400). The results of correlation analysis showed there was no correlation between urinary iodine level of children aged 8 to 10 and pregnant women with their salt iodine level ( r = 0.06, 0.07, P = 0.055, 0.142). Conclusions:Pregnant women in Daxing District, Beijing are at a deficiency level in iodine nutrition, with children aged 8 - 10, women of childbearing age, and adult males all at an appropriate level of iodine nutrition. We should strengthen health education for pregnant women and ensure that they receive sufficient iodine nutrition. At the same time, relevant departments should increase the supervision and management of iodized salt.

Objective:To establish a mass spectrometry method for the determination of characteristic peptides of Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum that can identify the authenticity of Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum as well as its preparations; To evaluate their quality.Methods:Ultra performance chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) with the mode of multiple reaction monitoring quantification (MRM) was employed to monitor the ion pairs of m/z 379.21(charge: +2)→571.36, m/z 379.21(charge: +2)→385.26, m/z 785.41(charge: +2)→941.51 and m/z 785.41(charge: +2)→245.08, in order to detect the Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum crude drug and its preparations. Results:Chicken specific peptide I and chicken specific peptide Ⅱ could be detected in the 18 batches of Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum from different regions, their corresponding extractions and 4 batches of prescription preparations, while the chicken specific peptides were not detected in the 8 batches of endothelium corneums from ducks, geese and pigeons.Conclusions:The method established in this study can effectively supplement the deficiencies in standards of Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum and its decoction pieces, improve the quality control standard, and provide a reference for the safety and effectiveness of Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum in clinical medication.

The paper reports a 32-year-old female acute myeloid leukemia patient who developed graft-versus-host disease after paternal hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which subsequently led to renal thrombotic microangiopathy. She subsequently required a kidney transplant from the same donor 5 years later due to renal failure. Considering that both the bone marrow and kidney were from the same donor and the recovery of renal function was favorable, immunosuppressive therapy was discontinued after a short course of anti-rejection treatment, with maintained stable kidney function. This case suggests that under the condition of high chimerism, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and kidney transplantation from the same donor can achieve immune tolerance, potentially improving solid organ transplantation success rate. The findings provide a novel therapeutic approach for solid organ transplantation following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of drug resistance genes of carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli (CPECO) in Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2021 to 2023, providing data support and theoretical basis for controlling nosocomial infections of CPECO.Methods:Using a cross-sectional study, 30 carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CRECO) strains confirmed by VITEK-2 Compact identification and drug sensitivity test in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2021 to 2023 were tested, using carbapenemase inhibitor enhancement test to conduct preliminary screening of carbapenemases, and colloidal gold immunochromatography and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to determine the phenotypes and genotypes of common carbapenemases ( blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP, blaOXA) respectively, and the genotypes ( blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX) of common extended Spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) were confirmed using PCR. The PCR amplification products of carbapenemase and ESBL positive strains were Sanger-sequenced, and the sequencing products were compared on the Blast website to determine the exact carbapenemase and ESBL genotypes. Sequence typing (ST) was performed on CPECO using the Achtman multi-locus sequence typing scheme to determine the cloning relationship between different strains. Results:A total of 21 CPECO strains were screened. Drug sensitivity test results showed that CPECO strains showed widespread drug resistance, with the resistance rate to monocyclic (aztreonam) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole being over 60%(16/21, 14/21), and the resistance rate to other antibacterial drugs being 100%. Only the sensitivity to aminoglycosides and fosfomycin remained relatively high, and no strains resistant to tigecycline and colistin were found. Colloidal gold immunochromatography detected 18 blaNDM types, 2 blaKPC types, and 1 blaIMP type. Sequencing of drug resistance gene PCR products classified 17 blaNDM-5 strains, 1 blaNDM-4 strain, 2 blaKPC-2 strain, and 1 blaIMP-4 strain, which were completely consistent with the results of screening test and colloidal gold immunochromatography. ESBL resistance gene testing showed that the detection rate of blaTEM was 42.9%(9/21), blaCTX-M was 33.3%(7/21), and blaSHV was 4.8%(1/21). The rate of blaNDM producing CPECO carrying both ESBL resistance genes was 27.8%(5/18). The MLST typing results revealed 11 sequence types (STs), including one ST155 clonal complex and nine singleton STs. Among these, there were seven strains of ST167, five strains of ST410, and one strain each of ST58, ST68, ST69, ST93, ST131, ST155, ST648, ST1114, and ST3268. Conclusion:The main resistance mechanism identified in this study for CPECO was the production of blaNDM-5 carbapenemase, with a high proportion of strains also carrying blaTEM-1D and/or blaCTX-M-15 ESBLs. MLST typing found that the epidemic strain of CPECO showed certain polymorphism, but there were clonal transmission of multiple clonal complexes between ST167 and ST410.

ObjectiveTo establish a method for the identification of Haliotidis Concha and its counterfeits， and to improve its quality evaluation method. MethodsA total of 17 batches of Haliotis discus hannai， 4 batches of H. ruber， 3 batches of H. laevigata， 3 batches of H. ovina， 3 batches of H. diversicolor， 3 batches of H. asinina， 3 batches of H. iris were collected. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS/MS） was used to analyze the hydrolysates of different original Haliotidis Concha and its counterfeits， and the potential characteristic ions of each species were screened by Venn diagram. UPLC-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS） was used to validate the characteristic ions， and the specific detection method of the characteristic ions was established. ResultsA total of 1 182， 167， 47， 89， 104， 203， 424 potential characteristic ions were screened from H. discus hannai， H. ruber， H. laevigata， H. ovina， H. diversicolor， H. asinina and H. iris， respectively. And 9 characteristic ions were selected. The precision， stability and repeatability of the 9 characteristic ions in the established identification method met the requirements. Different original Haliotidis Concha and its counterfeits could detect their own characteristic ions， including m/z 631.83-886.48（double charge） and m/z 631.83-443.74（double charge） of H. discus hannai， m/z 699.28-232.11（double charge） and m/z 699.28-544.27（double charge） of H. ruber， m/z 535.76-752.37（double charge） and m/z 535.76-548.28（double charge） of H. laevigata， m/z 708.35-442.28（double charge） and m/z 708.35-215.14（double charge） of H. ovina， m/z 561.33-614.86（triple charge）， m/z 561.33-468.28（triple charge）， m/z 608.29-618.32（double charge） and m/z 608.29-390.21（double charge） of H. diversicolor， m/z 769.85-274.10（double charge）， m/z 769.85-532.75（double charge）， m/z 827.43-646.36（single charge）， m/z 827.43-257.12（single charge） of H. asinina， and m/z 468.24-576.29（double charge） and m/z 468.24-505.26（double charge） of H. iris. ConclusionIn this study， a total of 9 characteristic ions are screened from 6 kinds of original Haliotidis Concha and its counterfeits， and a specific identification method is established， which is helpful to solve the limitations of the existing quality evaluation methods of Haliotidis Concha， and provide a basis for the production， circulation and medication quality.