OBJECTIVE To analyze the safety and efficacy of vonoprazan （VPZ） in the treatment of peptic ulcer （PU） and post-endoscopic submucosal dissection （ESD） ulcers， providing evidence-based pharmaceutical evidence for clinical practice and medical decision-making. METHODS Retrieved from CNKI， Wanfang， VIP， CBM， PubMed， Embase， Web of Science， and the Cochrane Library， meta-analyses/systematic reviews related to VPZ in the treatment of PU and post-ESD ulcers were collected. Two researchers independently performed literature screening， data extraction， quality assessment of included studies， and evaluation of literature overlap. By employing the umbrella review analysis， a fresh meta-analysis was conducted on all relevant raw research data when a high degree of overlap was identified among the included studies. RESULTS A total of 17 meta-analyses were included， with quality ranging from high to very low； all outcome measures involved showed a very high level of overlap in the included meta-analyses （corrected covered area： 22.22%-100%）. In the treatment of post-ESD ulcers， compared to proton pump inhibitor （PPI）， VPZ significantly improved the ulcer healing rate at 4 weeks post-ESD [RR＝1.27， 95%CI （1.03， 1.56）， Z＝2.21， P＝ 0.027] and the ulcer contraction rate post-ESD [MD＝0.08， 95%CI （0.00， 0.16）， Z＝2.09， P＝0.037]， while significantly reducing the ulcer recurrence rate in patients with a history of PU [RR＝0.49， 95%CI （0.32， 0.73）， Z＝3.49， P＝0.001]； the delayed bleeding rate in the VPZ group was significantly lower than that in the lansoprazole subgroup [RR＝0.47， 95%CI （0.25， 0.90）， Z＝2.28， P＝0.02]. In the treatment of PU， the incidence of adverse events with VPZ was significantly higher than that with PPI in the duodenal ulcer subgroup [RR＝1.13， 95%CI （1.02， 1.26）， Z＝2.38， P＝0.017]. CONCLUSIONS For post-ESD ulcers， VPZ demonstrates superior therapeutic efficacy compared to PPI and can reduce ulcer recurrence rates in patients with a history of PU. However， it does not offer advantages in terms of safety for duodenal ulcer treatment.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and safety of omadacycline in the treatment of macrolide-unresponsive Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia （MUMPP） in children. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on children aged 1-18 years old with MUMPP who were hospitalized in the Department of Pediatrics， the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2022 to June 2025. According to the selection of secondary antibiotics after 72 h of initial treatment with macrolides， they were divided into the omadacycline group and the doxycycline group. Based on conventional treatment， children in the omadacycline group were given intravenous infusion of 2.4 mg/kg （once daily） of omadacycline tosylate， while children in the doxycycline group were given oral doxycycline hydrochloride tablets at 2 mg/kg （twice daily）. The efficacy and safety were compared between the two groups of pediatric patients. Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were performed on clinical efficacy， and subgroup analysis along with multiple sensitivity analyses were conducted to verify the robustness of the conclusions. RESULTS A total of 284 children with MUMPP were included in this study， with 142 in the omadacycline group and 142 in the doxycycline group. In terms of efficacy， although the hospitalization time of children in the omadacycline group was longer than that in the doxycycline group （ P ＜0.05）， the lung lesion absorption rate and clinical efficacy were significantly higher or better than those in the doxycycline group （ P ＜0.05）. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that medication （OR＝5.300， 95%CI： 2.526-11.123）， length of hospital stay （OR＝1.348， 95%CI： 1.167-1.556）， and medication duration （OR＝1.422， 95%CI： 1.169-1.729） were influencing factors of clinical efficacy （ P ＜0.05）. The subgroup analysis results showed that the clinical efficacy of omadacycline was significantly better than that of doxycycline in all subgroups （ P ＜0.05）. The results of multiple sensitivity analysis showed that the regression coefficients B of the four models （gradually adjust variables） before and after inverse probability of treatment weighting were significantly greater than 1 （ P ＜0.05）. In terms of safety， there was no statistically significant difference in the inci dence of adverse drug reactions between the two groups of patients （ χ 2 ＝0.447， P ＝0.504）. CONCLUSIONS In the case of hospitalization and prolonged medication， the efficacy of omadacycline in treating childhood MUMPP is superior to that of doxycycline， and its safety is good.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of three-dimensional visualization technology in the precise diagnosis and treatment of locally advanced differentiated thyroid cancer(DTC).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 196 patients with locally advanced DTC treated at the 960th Hospital of the PLA from December 2021 to August 2023. The cohort included 71 male and 125 female patients, with a mean age of 43.7 years (rangd from 18 to 77 years). All patients underwent neck-enhanced CT scans and were divided into two groups: the study group( n=102), which underwent preoperative three-dimensional visualization of CT data, and the control group( n=94), which did not. Baseline data for both groups were matched using SPSS27.0 with 1∶1 propensity score matching (PSM) and the caliper value was 0.02. A total of 49 patients were included in each group, including 35 first-time surgeries and 14 reoperation. Among the 70 first-time surgeries, 29 patients underwent robotic surgery and 41 underwent open surgery. Among the 28 reoperations, 4 underwent robotic surgery and 24 underwent open surgery. In the study group, three-dimensional visual models were used to comprehensively evaluate the tumor and metastatic lesion size, spatial location, and adjacent relationship with surrounding organs, surgical treatments were guided by these models, whereas the control group relied on two-dimensional imaging for guidance. The clinical data were statistically analyzed using SPSS27.0. Results:All operations were successfully completed. There were no statistical differences in baseline data between the two groups( P>0.05). Among first-time surgeries, the study group showed shorter operation times [175(145, 200) min vs 205(182, 249) min, P<0.001], a lower incidence of postoperative chyle leak (0 vs 8.57%, P=0.027), a higher rate of robotic surgery (48.57% vs 34.28%, P=0.225), a greater number of harvested lymph nodes [46(40, 62) vs 37(28, 56), P=0.032], a greater number of cervical lymph node metastasis[15(7, 22) vs 5(1, 14), P=0.004] and a larger diameter of metastasis lymph nodes[12(10, 16) mm vs 4(1, 10) mm, P<0.001]. There were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage days and incidence of hypoparathyroidism( P>0.05). During the reoperation, the study group had shorter operation times[103.5(95.0, 122.5) min vs 146.50(133.25, 172.25) min, P<0.001], less intraoperative blood loss[12.50(8.75, 22.50) mL vs 30.00(17.50, 35.00) mL, P=0.021], fewer postoperative drainage days[5.00(4.00, 6.00) d vs 6.00(5.00, 7.25) d, P=0.016] and a lower incidence of hypoparathyroidism(7.14% vs 42.86%, P=0.038).The robotic surgery rate was higher in the study group (21.42% vs 7.14%, P=0.596). There were no significant differences in lymph node dissection numbers, metastatic lymph node counts, or chyle leak incidences between the two groups ( P>0.05). No acute bleeding or incision infection occurred in any patient postoperatively. Conclusion:Three-dimensional visualization technology is an effective preoperative assessment method for evaluating the resectability of tumors and metastases lesions in locally advanced DTC. It enhances the accuracy and safety of surgery for locally advanced DTC.

Objective:To explore the differences in clinical efficacy between Co-Cr-Mo guided multidirectional sliding growing rod technology (CMSG) and traditional growing rod in the treatment of neurofibromatosis type 1 dysplastic early-onset scoliosis.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 20 patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 dysplastic early-onset scoliosis who underwent surgical treatment in the Scoliosis Department of Zhengzhou Orthopaedic Hospital Affiliated to Henan University from January 2010 to July 2022. There were 10 patients in the traditional rod group (treated with traditional growing rod surgery) and 10 patients in the CMSG group (treated with CMSG technology). All patients were ≤10 years old and had a Cobb angle ≥45°. The number of surgeries and the occurrence of complications were recorded. The Cobb angle of the main scoliotic curve, the Cobb angle of kyphosis from T 5 to T 12, and the height from T 1 to S 1 were measured from the imaging data to evaluate the correction of deformity and spinal growth. Results:There were no significant differences in age, gender, follow - up time, preoperative Cobb angle, and preoperative Cobb angle of kyphosis from T 5-T 12 between the CMSG group and the TGR group ( P>0.05). The number of surgeries 1.3±0.67 and the total medical cost 91, 100±34, 700 yuan in the CMSG group were lower than those in the TGR group (5.3±1.77 times and 155, 800±45, 900 yuan], and the differences were statistically significant ( t=6.687, P<0.001; t=3.558, P=0.002). The Cobb angles of the main curve before surgery, after the first surgery, and at the last follow - up in the CMSG group were 69.7°±17.8°, 19.8°±9.7°, and 24.4°±9.0° respectively, while those in the TGR group were 62.0°±11.1°, 32.1°±11.4°, and 33.3°±11.6° respectively. The differences in Cobb angles after the first surgery and at the last follow-up between the two groups were statistically significant ( t=2.633, P=0.017; t=2.313, P=0.033). The Cobb angles of kyphosis from T 5 to T 12 before surgery, after the first surgery, and at the last follow - up in the CMSG group were 40.0°±24.2°, 21.0°±6.0°, and 33.6°±9.3° respectively, while those in the TGR group were 31.3°±14.5°, 26.3°±10.5°, and 32.3°±17.2° respectively. There were no significant differences in the Cobb angles of kyphosis from T 5 to T 12 after the first surgery and at the last follow-up between the two groups ( t=1.383, P=0.184; t=0.243, P=0.811). The heights from T 1 to S 1 before surgery, after the first surgery, and at the last follow-up in the CMSG group were 30.5±3.4 cm, 33.7±3.3 cm, and 37.9±4.8 cm respectively, with an annual increase of 1.18±0.39 cm. The heights from T 1 to S 1 in the TGR group were 29.1±3.0 cm, 31.4±2.9 cm, and 36.3±3.5 cm respectively, with an annual increase of 1.25±0.23 cm. There was no significant difference in the annual growth height of T 1-S 1 between the two groups ( t=1.367, P=0.189). During the follow-up period, 3 patients in the CMSG group had 3 complications: 1 case of coronal plane trunk decompensation, 1 case of rod fracture, and 1 case of distal junctional kyphosis. In the TGR group, 7 patients had 8 complications: 2 cases of wound rupture, 3 cases of screw loosening, 1 case of distal addition phenomenon, 1 case of proximal addition phenomenon, and 1 case of rod fracture. Conclusion:The Co-Cr-Mo guided multidirectional sliding growing rod technique is safe and effective in treating type 1 neurofibromatosis with malnutrition type early-onset scoliosis. It can effectively control the progression of spinal deformities,preserve the growth ability of the spine, and have a low overall incidence of complications.

Objective:To explore the differences in clinical efficacy between Co-Cr-Mo guided multidirectional sliding growing rod technology (CMSG) and traditional growing rod in the treatment of neurofibromatosis type 1 dysplastic early-onset scoliosis.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 20 patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 dysplastic early-onset scoliosis who underwent surgical treatment in the Scoliosis Department of Zhengzhou Orthopaedic Hospital Affiliated to Henan University from January 2010 to July 2022. There were 10 patients in the traditional rod group (treated with traditional growing rod surgery) and 10 patients in the CMSG group (treated with CMSG technology). All patients were ≤10 years old and had a Cobb angle ≥45°. The number of surgeries and the occurrence of complications were recorded. The Cobb angle of the main scoliotic curve, the Cobb angle of kyphosis from T 5 to T 12, and the height from T 1 to S 1 were measured from the imaging data to evaluate the correction of deformity and spinal growth. Results:There were no significant differences in age, gender, follow - up time, preoperative Cobb angle, and preoperative Cobb angle of kyphosis from T 5-T 12 between the CMSG group and the TGR group ( P>0.05). The number of surgeries 1.3±0.67 and the total medical cost 91, 100±34, 700 yuan in the CMSG group were lower than those in the TGR group (5.3±1.77 times and 155, 800±45, 900 yuan], and the differences were statistically significant ( t=6.687, P<0.001; t=3.558, P=0.002). The Cobb angles of the main curve before surgery, after the first surgery, and at the last follow - up in the CMSG group were 69.7°±17.8°, 19.8°±9.7°, and 24.4°±9.0° respectively, while those in the TGR group were 62.0°±11.1°, 32.1°±11.4°, and 33.3°±11.6° respectively. The differences in Cobb angles after the first surgery and at the last follow-up between the two groups were statistically significant ( t=2.633, P=0.017; t=2.313, P=0.033). The Cobb angles of kyphosis from T 5 to T 12 before surgery, after the first surgery, and at the last follow - up in the CMSG group were 40.0°±24.2°, 21.0°±6.0°, and 33.6°±9.3° respectively, while those in the TGR group were 31.3°±14.5°, 26.3°±10.5°, and 32.3°±17.2° respectively. There were no significant differences in the Cobb angles of kyphosis from T 5 to T 12 after the first surgery and at the last follow-up between the two groups ( t=1.383, P=0.184; t=0.243, P=0.811). The heights from T 1 to S 1 before surgery, after the first surgery, and at the last follow-up in the CMSG group were 30.5±3.4 cm, 33.7±3.3 cm, and 37.9±4.8 cm respectively, with an annual increase of 1.18±0.39 cm. The heights from T 1 to S 1 in the TGR group were 29.1±3.0 cm, 31.4±2.9 cm, and 36.3±3.5 cm respectively, with an annual increase of 1.25±0.23 cm. There was no significant difference in the annual growth height of T 1-S 1 between the two groups ( t=1.367, P=0.189). During the follow-up period, 3 patients in the CMSG group had 3 complications: 1 case of coronal plane trunk decompensation, 1 case of rod fracture, and 1 case of distal junctional kyphosis. In the TGR group, 7 patients had 8 complications: 2 cases of wound rupture, 3 cases of screw loosening, 1 case of distal addition phenomenon, 1 case of proximal addition phenomenon, and 1 case of rod fracture. Conclusion:The Co-Cr-Mo guided multidirectional sliding growing rod technique is safe and effective in treating type 1 neurofibromatosis with malnutrition type early-onset scoliosis. It can effectively control the progression of spinal deformities,preserve the growth ability of the spine, and have a low overall incidence of complications.

Objective To discuss the perioperative care and wound protection of xenotransplantation from genetically edited pigs to monkeys, with the goal of improving the success rate of such experimental procedures. Methods From October 2022 to October 2023, perioperative care and wound protection were performed on 7 recipient rhesus monkeys undergoing xenotransplantation of genetically edited pig tissues and organs. Customized wound protective garments were designed based on monkeys' size and surgical area to protect the wounds, alongside meticulous perioperative care. This included preoperative preparation and medication, intraoperative monitoring of physiological indicators and anesthesia management, and postoperative care comprising wound protection, observation and monitoring, and nutritional support. Results All seven monkeys successfully underwent xenotransplantation. With the aid of protective garments and detailed care, all surgical wounds healed by first intention, and postoperative recovery was satisfactory. Conclusion Proper care and wound protection during xenotransplantation from genetically edited pigs to monkeys not only promote wound healing, but also alleviate pain and harm to animals. This has significant implications for advancing experimental research in pig-monkey xenotransplantation and enhancing animal welfare.

Objective:To explore the clinical value of cluster management in secondary hydrocephalus.Methods:Seventy-seven patients with secondary hydrocephalus admitted to Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital from January 2016 to June 2021 were chosen; they were divided into traditional management group ( n=30) and cluster management group ( n=47) according to different management methods. Patients in traditional management group accepted craniocerebral CT and 3 consecutive times of cerebrospinal fluid tests, and normal results were achieved and then ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) was performed. In patients from the cluster management group, on the basis of management treatment, cranial plain and enhanced MRI and DNA metagenomic next generation sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid were performed before surgery, and rapid test of cerebrospinal fluid and ventriculoscope observation were performed during surgery; after exclusion of intracranial infection, VPS was performed. The differences of shunt failure rate were compared between the two groups and the positive rates of intracranial infection detected by above 4 methods were compared in the cluster management group. Results:There was significant difference in shunt failure rate between the cluster management group and traditional management group (2.1% vs. 20.0%, P<0.05). The positive rates of intracranial infection by DNA metagenomics (61.7%) and ventriculoscopy (68.1%) were significantly higher than those by preoperative cranial plain and enhanced MRI (14.9%) and rapid test of cerebrospinal fluid (6.4%, P<0.05). Conclusion:Cluster management can effectively decrease the VPS failure rate in secondary hydrocephalus; DNA metagenomics and ventriculoscopy have high efficiency in detecting intracranial infection.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of Da Vinci robotic surgical system in the reoperation of recurrent or residual thyroid cancer.Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 9 patients with Da Vinci robot-assisted reoperation for thyroid cancer in the 960th Hospital of the People′s Liberation Army of China from September 2018 to January 2022, the operation time, number of lymph nodes dissected, intraoperative blood loss, length of hospital stay, total postoperative drainage volume, incidence of complications, satisfaction with postoperative aesthetic effect, visual analyogue scale (VAS) score at the 24 h after surgery and number of recurrence during follow-up were counted.Results:The surgery time of 9 cases was (186.67±44.44) min, the number of lymph nodes cleared were (15.77±13.59), intraoperative blood loss was (21.11±16.91) mL, hospital stay were (10.67±3.32) days, total postoperative drainage was (286.94±90.85) mL. There was no complications, and all patients were satisfied with the postoperative cosmetic effect whose VAS score was (8.22±1.09), and VAS score was 0 to 3 (2.44±0.73) points, no recurrence during the follow-up period from 6 to 46 months.Conclusion:With adequate preoperative evaluation and an experienced surgeon team, the use of robots in recurrent or residual thyroid cancer resurgery is feasible, safe and effective.

Hepatitis B virus infection and hepatitis C virus infection often progress to end-stage liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma, which endanger the life of patients. Recent studies have shown that gut microbiota are closely associated with chronic viral liver diseases. This article reviews the association of gut microbiota with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), chronic hepatitis C (CHC), and their related liver diseases and the research advances in therapies targeting gut microbiota against CHB and its related liver diseases, in order to provide more ideas for the clinical treatment of CHB, CHC, and their related liver diseases.

Objective:To explore the risk factors affecting central lymph node metastasis in cN0 isthmus papillary thyroid carcinoma and the significance and feasibility of preventive dissection, so as to provide reference for clinical treatment.Methods:The clinical data of 108 patients with cN0 stage isthmus papillary thyroid cancer who underwent surgery in the General Surgery Department of Lianyungang Oriental Hospital from January 2014 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 32 males and 76 females, with an age range of 24 to 70 years, with a mean age of (46.0±12.7) years. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 22.0 statistical software. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between central lymph node metastasis and patients Relationship between clinical case factors.Explore the feasibility of preventive cleaning.Results:The positive rate of lymph node metastasis in central region of isthmic papillary thyroid carcinoma was 37.9% (41/108). Univariate analysis showed that central lymph node metastasis was associated with tumor diameter ( χ2=5.36, P=0.021), capsular infiltration ( χ2=7.69, P=0.006), and elevated thyroglobulin ( χ2=7.73, P=0.005). Multivariate analysis showed that capsular infiltration ( HR=2.75, P=0.037) and tumor diameter ( HR=4.454, P=0.004) were independent risk factors for central lymph node metastasis. The ROC curve of tumor diameter to predict central lymph node metastasis was drawn, and the AUC value of the area under the curve was calculated to be 0.720. When the diameter was 0.695 cm, the Youden index was 0.326, the sensitivity was 0.878, and the specificity was 0.448. 6 cases (5.56%) had temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, 13 cases (12.04%) had temporary hypoparathyroidism, no permanent complications occurred. Conclusions:cN0 stage PTCI has the risk of early occult lymph node metastasis. Prophylactic CLND can clarify the stage of the tumor, assess the risk, and guide the follow-up treatment of patients. CLND should be routinely performed for patients with tumor diameter >0.695 cm and capsular invasion.