Objective: To explore the intervention effects of different exercise modalities on executive function in school aged children, providing references for formulating exercise prescriptions to promote school aged children executive function. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and CBM to identify studies on the effects of exercises on executive function in school aged children. The search period spanned from the database inception to August 2025. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies. Network Meta analysis was performed using Stata 16.0. Results: A total of 51 studies involving 5 710 school aged children and seven modalities of exercises(control group,small ball sports,large ball sports,aerobic exercise,combined exercise,sport game,gymnastic and dance sports) were finally included. Network Meta analysis showed that, in terms of inhibitory control development of school aged children, small ball sports ( SMD =-0.98,95% CI =-1.32 to -0.64 ), large ball sports ( SMD =-0.64,95% CI =-0.91 to -0.36), and mixed sports ( SMD =-0.26,95% CI =-0.50 to -0.02]) were more effective than the control group; in terms of working memory, largeball sports ( SMD =-1.26,95% CI =-1.88 to -0.65) and small ball sports ( SMD =-0.91,95% CI =-1.64 to -0.19) were superior to the control group; in terms of improving cognitive flexibility, large ball sports ( SMD =-1.02,95% CI =-1.28 to -0.76), gymnastics and dance sports ( SMD =-0.80,95% CI =-1.21 to -0.40), and small ball sports ( SMD =-0.75,95% CI =-1.15 to -0.36) were more effective than the control group (all P <0.05). Surface under cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA) showed that small ball sports had the highest value (SUCRA=98.9%) in improving inhibitory control, while large ball sports achieved the highest score(SUCRA=92.6%) in enhancing working memory, and large ball sports also had the highest value(SUCRA=94.7%) in promoting cognitive flexibility. Conclusions For developing inhibitory control in school aged children, small ball sports are recommended as a priority. For enhancing working memory and cognitive flexibility, large ball sports are recommended.

Objective·To achieve the rapid detection of Staphylococcus aureus using nanopore Cas9-targeted sequencing(nCATS)technology,and simultaneously perform staphylococcal protein A(spa)typing and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec(SCCmec)typing.Methods·The spa gene and SCCmec gene elements were selected as two regions of interest(ROIs)for targeted sequencing.Four types of CRISPR RNAs(crRNAs)were designed to form Cas9 ribonucleoproteins(RNPs)to cleave sequences flanking the two ROIs.For each crRNA,a 42 bp synthetic target DNA was designed.Appropriate crRNAs were screened,the cleavage system was optimized,and both the cleavage reaction time and Cas9 RNP synthesis temperature were determined based on the results of Cas9 RNP cleavage efficiency testing.Genomic DNA was extracted from a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)strain,and the ends flanking the cleaved ROIs were dephosphorylated and dA-tailed.Sequencing adapters were ligated,and sequencing was performed using a nanopore platform.The quality scores of the sequencing data were analyzed,and the obtained nucleic acid sequences were compared with those in the mecA,spa and SCCmec databases.Based on the comparison results,the presence of Staphylococcus aureus,MRSA or not,and spa and SCCmec types were determined.Results·Two sets of crRNAs were designed.Based on grayscale analysis of electrophoresis results,the set with higher cleavage efficiency was selected for further experiments.Optimization showed that a 1∶1 ratio of Cas9 RNP to target DNA,a 15 min cleavage reaction time,and a Cas9 RNP synthesis temperature of 25℃yielded a cleavage efficiency of 87.41%.nCATS sequencing quality scores ranged between 15(Q15)and 20(Q20),indicating an approximate sequencing accuracy of 99%.Sequence comparisons with the mecA,spa and SCCmec databases revealed that the strain's spa type was t2 and its SCCmec type was Ⅱ.These results were consistent with those obtained by PCR amplification sequencing and multiplex PCR.Conclusion·The nCATS technique enables rapid detection of Staphylococcus aureus,while simultaneously providing spa and SCCmec typing information.

Objective To explore the feasibility of treating recurrent mandibular neuralgia with radiofrequency thermocoagulation with double needle guide,and to study the clinical value of double needle puncture for foramen ovale.Methods In this study,40 patients with recurrent mandibular neuralgia admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to November 2023 were selected,and randomly divided into the observation group(20 cases using double-needle guide technology)and control group(20 cases using traditional single-needle guide technology).The two groups were compared before and after treatment.Results After the completion of radiofrequency thermo-coagulation therapy,the overall pain-free rate of all cases was 90％according to the adjusted grading criteria,and there was a differ-ence in the pain-free rate between the two groups(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the number of puncture adjustment and complications between the two groups(P＞0.05).The operation time of the observation group was longer than that of the control group(P＜0.05),and the number of postoperative acupuncture pain cases was statistically different from that of the control group(P＜0.05).After comparison of facial visual analogue scale(F-VAS),it was found that there were significant differences between the two groups(P＜0.05),and there were statistical differences between the observation group and the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Radiofrequency thermocoagulation with double-channel technique treating patients with recurrent mandibular neuralgia is,more thorough and has less complications.Although the operation time is increased,it can effectively eliminate the pain of patients.The tra-ditional bipolar radiofrequency thermocoagulation therapy technology is easily and accurately accomplished,which is worth popularizing.

To explore the differences in biological gas production in the waterlogged zone of a coal seam fire-affected area, in this study the in-situ gas production experiment was conducted with the mine water from aquitard layers in coal seam fire zones in Xinjiang. The results showed that the biogas production first increased and then decreased with the increase in distance, and the highest gas production reached 216.55 mL. The changes in key metabolic pathways during the anaerobic fermentation of coal were analyzed, which showed that as the distance from the aquitard layer in the coal seam fire zone increased, the methanogenesis pathways gradually shifted from acetic acid decarboxylation and carbon dioxide reduction to acetic acid decarboxylation and methylamine methanogenesis. The significant variability in the in-situ mine water reservoir conditions contributed to the differences. In addition, the reservoir pressure and temperature increased as the distance from the fire zone became longer, and the salinity of the farthest mine water in the reverse fault was the highest due to the lack of groundwater supply. Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant correlations of microbial communities with key functional genes and the types and concentrations of ions. The ions significantly influencing microbial enzymatic metabolic activities included Al³⁺, Fe²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Mg²⁺, PO₄^3-, and Mo⁶⁺. The differences in metabolic pathways were attributed to the integrated effects of a co-occurring environment with multiple ions. The gas production simulation experiments and metagenomic analyses provide data support for the practical application of in-situ biogas experiments, laying a foundation for engineering applications.
Biofuels ; Coal ; Methane/biosynthesis* ; Fires ; Groundwater ; Coal Mining ; Fermentation ; China ; Anaerobiosis

Objective To explore the feasibility of treating recurrent mandibular neuralgia with radiofrequency thermocoagulation with double needle guide,and to study the clinical value of double needle puncture for foramen ovale.Methods In this study,40 patients with recurrent mandibular neuralgia admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to November 2023 were selected,and randomly divided into the observation group(20 cases using double-needle guide technology)and control group(20 cases using traditional single-needle guide technology).The two groups were compared before and after treatment.Results After the completion of radiofrequency thermo-coagulation therapy,the overall pain-free rate of all cases was 90％according to the adjusted grading criteria,and there was a differ-ence in the pain-free rate between the two groups(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the number of puncture adjustment and complications between the two groups(P＞0.05).The operation time of the observation group was longer than that of the control group(P＜0.05),and the number of postoperative acupuncture pain cases was statistically different from that of the control group(P＜0.05).After comparison of facial visual analogue scale(F-VAS),it was found that there were significant differences between the two groups(P＜0.05),and there were statistical differences between the observation group and the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Radiofrequency thermocoagulation with double-channel technique treating patients with recurrent mandibular neuralgia is,more thorough and has less complications.Although the operation time is increased,it can effectively eliminate the pain of patients.The tra-ditional bipolar radiofrequency thermocoagulation therapy technology is easily and accurately accomplished,which is worth popularizing.

Objective·To achieve the rapid detection of Staphylococcus aureus using nanopore Cas9-targeted sequencing(nCATS)technology,and simultaneously perform staphylococcal protein A(spa)typing and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec(SCCmec)typing.Methods·The spa gene and SCCmec gene elements were selected as two regions of interest(ROIs)for targeted sequencing.Four types of CRISPR RNAs(crRNAs)were designed to form Cas9 ribonucleoproteins(RNPs)to cleave sequences flanking the two ROIs.For each crRNA,a 42 bp synthetic target DNA was designed.Appropriate crRNAs were screened,the cleavage system was optimized,and both the cleavage reaction time and Cas9 RNP synthesis temperature were determined based on the results of Cas9 RNP cleavage efficiency testing.Genomic DNA was extracted from a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)strain,and the ends flanking the cleaved ROIs were dephosphorylated and dA-tailed.Sequencing adapters were ligated,and sequencing was performed using a nanopore platform.The quality scores of the sequencing data were analyzed,and the obtained nucleic acid sequences were compared with those in the mecA,spa and SCCmec databases.Based on the comparison results,the presence of Staphylococcus aureus,MRSA or not,and spa and SCCmec types were determined.Results·Two sets of crRNAs were designed.Based on grayscale analysis of electrophoresis results,the set with higher cleavage efficiency was selected for further experiments.Optimization showed that a 1∶1 ratio of Cas9 RNP to target DNA,a 15 min cleavage reaction time,and a Cas9 RNP synthesis temperature of 25℃yielded a cleavage efficiency of 87.41%.nCATS sequencing quality scores ranged between 15(Q15)and 20(Q20),indicating an approximate sequencing accuracy of 99%.Sequence comparisons with the mecA,spa and SCCmec databases revealed that the strain's spa type was t2 and its SCCmec type was Ⅱ.These results were consistent with those obtained by PCR amplification sequencing and multiplex PCR.Conclusion·The nCATS technique enables rapid detection of Staphylococcus aureus,while simultaneously providing spa and SCCmec typing information.

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of applying the ADDIE (analysis, design, develop, implement, evaluate) Model in clinical teaching for nursing interns in spine surgery department.Methods:Using a convenience sampling method, 44 nursing interns in the Department of Orthopedics at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were selected as the control group from July 2021 to May 2022, and were taught using traditional methods. From July 2022 to May 2023, 45 nursing interns were selected as the observation group, and a teaching team was formed to design a training program based on the five stages of the ADDIE instructional design model. This program was tailored to improve the overall clinical competence of the spinal surgery nursing interns. After training, the teaching effects were evaluated based on knowledge test scores, skills test scores, overall clinical competence, and teaching satisfaction.Results:After the training, the skills test scores in specialized nursing for the observation group were (94.87±1.10) points, higher than the control group's (93.98±1.41) points, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.01). The observation group also scored higher than the control group in clinical judgment, organizational effectiveness, overall performance, and total score in the Mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.01). Additionally, the observation group reported higher satisfaction with the teaching plan and methods compared to the control group ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Clinical teaching for spinal surgery nursing interns based on the ADDIE instructional design model can improve their specialized practical skills and overall clinical competence. The interns also expressed a high level of acceptance for this teaching design model.

OBJECTIVE To optimize the management of the China Listed Drug Patent Information Registration Platform as well as to provide guidelines and references for generic drug enterprises to carry out generic research， production and launch in order to further improve the drug patent linkage system. METHODS The used method is to log in and search the National Medical Products Administration （NMPA）， China Listed Drug Patent Information Registration Platform， China National Intellectual Property Administration （CNIPA） and other websites. The search content included the Chinese drug patent declaration system and other legal or policy information， as well as registration data for class 1 drug patent declarations in China. The above data were mined as a whole together with analysis of the varieties with a high composite ranking in the quantity with class 1 declaration； the improvement measures for China’s class 1 declaration system for generic drugs were put forward based on the practice of Chinese pharmaceutical market. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Class 1 drug patent declarations of chemical generic drugs accounted for over 99% of the total， and there were 5 varieties among the top 5 in the number of class 1 patent declarations （e.g. Tadalafil tablets， Sodium hyaluronate eye drops）. Based on the analysis of the overall situation and individual cases， it is suggested that China should improve its drug patent linkage system； improve functions of China Listed Drug Patent Information Registration Platform by establishing relief mechanism of right-to-know and ex officio examination； help companies select generic drug varieties timely by strengthening data tracking of generic drug companies during the pending approval period and adding a generic drug variety screening function.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Ganoderma leucocontextum ethanol extract (GLE) on silicosis and its potential molecular mechanism using network pharmacology, molecular docking technology and animal experiments. Methods i) The components of GLE were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-Q Exactive-mass spectrometry (UPLC-QE-MS) method. The active components, potential molecular pathways and targets of GLE in the intervention of inflammation process of silicosis was explored using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. ii) Specific pathogen free male C57BL6/J mice were divided into four groups with 10 mice in each group. The mice in the silicosis model group and GLE intervention group were given a dose of 80 μL silica suspension with a mass concentration of 50 g/L once by non-exposed tracheal instillation, and the mice in the blank control group and GLE control group were given an equal volume of sterile 0.9% sodium chloride solution. From the second day after modeling, GLE control group and GLE intervention group were given GLE at a dose of 200 mg/(kg•d) by gavage, while blank control group and silicosis model group were given the same volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution by gavage, once per day for 35 days. After that, the histopathological changes of lung tissues of mice were observed, the lung mass coefficient, inflammation score and the ratio of collagen deposition area were calculated, and the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α, interleukin (IL) -1β and IL-6 in the lung tissues of mice were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results i) A total of 76 active components of GLE were detected by UPLC-QE-MS. Among them, 36 ingredients met the screening criteria of the five principles of drug-like components. A total of 67 potential targets of the 36 GLE active ingredients to improve the inflammatory response of silicosis were screened based on the network pharmacology theory. The result of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis and Gene Ontology functional analysis showed that IL signaling and cytokine signaling of immune cells played a key role in the process of anti-silicosis of GLE. The results of molecular docking showed that the top 10 targets based on the 67 intersection targets were TNF, IL6, B-cell lymphoma 2, cellular tumor antigen p53, Caspase-3 subunit p12, JUN, epidermal growth factor receptor, IL1B, 67 kDa matrix metalloproteinase-9 and prostaglandin G/H synthase 2. The result of protein-protein interaction analysis showed that glycyrrhetinic acid had the strongest affinity with the key targets TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, followed by ganoderma acid DM, alismatol C, ganoderma acid β and red sapogenin. ii) The results of histopathological examination showed that the inflammatory response and collagen deposition were alleviated in the lungs of mice with silicosis. The lung mass coefficient, inflammation score, ratio of collagen deposition area and IL-6 expression in lung were lower in mice of the GLE intervention group (all P<0.05), compared with the silicosis model group. However, there was no significant difference in the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in lung tissues between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion GLE may reduce silica-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis by inhibiting the IL-6 level in lung tissues of mice. Its mechanism is associated with the synergistic action of multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways.

The development of obesity is closely related to the disruption of central appetite regulation. Gastric growth hormone-releasing peptide is the only appetite-promoting peptide known to be present in the circulatory system. Ghrelin may act on the central homeostatic and hedonic feeding neural pathways to promote appetite and feeding behavior, and may be a new target for appetite regulation. In addition, Ghrelin is also involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis via promoting growth, regulating gastrointestinal function, and suppressing inflammatory response. Therefore, the research on the mechanism of ghrelin and its receptors will help understand the pathophysiological changes in the central appetite regulation process of obese patients, and to find potential targets for the treatment of obesity. In this paper, we focus on the molecular mechanism of appetite regulation by Ghrelin and its clinical application.