Objective: To examine the associations between 24 hour movement behavior allocation patterns and physical fitness as well as serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels among female college students, providing evidence for developing personalized health promotion strategies. Methods: In September 2025, 48 female college students aged 18-22 years were recruited from a comprehensive university from Shanghai. Continuous 24 hour movement behaviors were monitored using a triaxial accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+). Serum hsCRP levels were measured (≥1 000 ng/mL was log grade inflammation), and physical fitness indicators including upper limb muscle strength, vital capacity, and maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2max ) were assessed. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between variables. Compositional data analysis combined with multiple linear regression was employed to construct isotemporal substitution models, evaluating the effects of substituting 30 minutes of one behavior for another on hsCRP and VO 2max . Results: Female college students had the longest average daily sedentary behavior (SB) time (643.2±103.2)min, which was higher than sleep time (452.4±90.0)min, light physical activity (LPA) time (279.0±76.8)min and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time (66.0±21.6)min. Correlation analysis revealed that vigorous physical activity (VPA) was positively correlated with hsCRP levels among female college students ( r=0.47, P <0.05). Substituting 30 minutes of MVPA with sleep, SB or LPA significantly reduced predicted hsCRP levels among female college students ( β = -0.90, -0.90, -0.73), replacing 30 minutes of sleep with MVPA significantly increased predicted VO 2max levels ( β =5.12) (all P <0.05). The low grade inflammation group exhibited longer durations of high intensity activity participation and higher mean values for height, body weight, and grip strength compared to the normal group ( t =2.17, 2.52, 2.21, all P <0.05). Within the normal inflammation group, MVPA was positively associated with VO 2max ( β =0.18), while sleep was negatively associated ( β =-0.07) (both P <0.05). In contrast, no statistically significant associations were observed between any activity behavior and VO 2max in the low grade inflammation group (all P >0.05). Conclusions MVPA exerts bidirectional effects on the health of female college students. While it enhances cardiorespiratory fitness, it may concurrently elevate chronic low grade inflammation levels. To maximize health benefits, intervention programs focused on increasing MVPA should also give full consideration to the importance of restorative sleep.

The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a primate species belonging to the genus Callithrix in the family Callitrichidae, has multiple advantages including small body size, short reproductive cycle, early sexual maturity, 1-3 offspring per litter, and ease of experimental manipulation. It also exhibits behavioral characteristics such as vocal communication and strict monogamy. Common marmosets present unique advantages in neuroscience and brain disease research and are widely used in biomedical fields including neuroscience, gene editing, and ethology. Experimental common marmosets (hereinafter referred to as "experimental marmosets") require management of breeding and use to ensure traceable pedigrees and prevention of inbreeding. Existing management systems developed for rodents or Macaca often cannot effectively meet the practical needs of experimental marmoset management in key aspects such as pedigree tracking and inbreeding warning. To address this issue, the Laboratory Animal Center of the Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as "the Center") designed and developed a second-generation information management system for marmosets in 2021 based on its first-generation information management system, and the second-generation system was launched in 2023. This second-generation system adopts a B/S architecture, is modular, and features front-end and back-end separation. It uses mainstream technical frameworks, including Spring Boot, MySQL, and Redis, and integrates 16 functional modules such as basic information, pedigree tree, breeding and experimental selection database, microchip identification management, and ethical supervision. Compared with the first-generation system, the second-generation system optimizes the pedigree tree and basic information modules. It also adds new functions, including purpose-based database partitioning, animal status tracking, abnormal alerts, automatic microchip identification task generation, inbreeding warning, ethical document upload and review, and record management. Together, these form a systematic and refined management and service system covering the entire breeding and experimental use of experimental marmosets. From 2023 to 2025, the practical application at the center shows that it has significantly improved the management efficiency and service level of the experimental marmoset management unit, and can provide a reference for the development of information management systems in other institutions using marmosets.

Azvudine and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) are recommended for COVID-19 treatment in China, but their safety and efficacy in the elderly population are not fully known. In this multicenter, retrospective, cohort study, we identified 5131 elderly hospitalized COVID-19 patients from 32,864 COVID-19 patients admitted to nine hospitals in Henan Province, China, from December 5, 2022, to January 31, 2023. The primary outcome was all-cause death, and the secondary outcome was composite disease progression. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to control for confounding factors, including demographics, vaccination status, comorbidities, and laboratory tests. After 2:1 PSM, 1786 elderly patients receiving azvudine and 893 elderly patients receiving Paxlovid were included. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses revealed that compared with Paxlovid group, azvudine could significantly reduce the risk of all-cause death (log-rank P = 0.002; HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.573-0.883, P = 0.002), but there was no difference in composite disease progression (log-rank P = 0.52; HR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.877-1.260, P = 0.588). Four sensitivity analyses verified the robustness of above results. Subgroup analysis suggested that a greater benefit of azvudine over Paxlovid was observed in elderly patients with primary malignant tumors (P for interaction = 0.005, HR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.18-0.57) compared to patients without primary malignant tumors. Safety analysis revealed that azvudine treatment had a lower incidence of adverse events and higher lymphocyte levels than Paxlovid treatment. In conclusion, azvudine treatment is not inferior to Paxlovid treatment in terms of all-cause death, composite disease progression and adverse events in elderly hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Zhuanggu Kangsong Soft Extract combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP)in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures(OVCF).Methods A total of 90 eligible OVCF patients admitted to Guangzhou Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital between January 2023 and May 2024 were enrolled and randomly divided into an observation group(n=45)and a control group(n=45)using a random number table.Both groups underwent PVP.After treatment,the control group received conventional western medication orally(calcium carbonate D3 tablets+calcitriol soft capsules),while the observation group received additional Zhuanggu Kangsong Soft Extract treatment orally.Western medication was administered for 6 months,and herbal treatment lasted 3 months.Changes in Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)scores for pain,Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)scores for low back function,bone mineral density(BMD)T-values,and serum bone metabolism markers were observed before and after treatment.Results(1)At postoperative day 3,3 months,and 6 months,both groups showed significant improvements in VAS and ODI scores compared to those before treatment(P＜0.05).The observation group demonstrated superior improvements in VAS and ODI scores at 3 and 6 months compared to the control group(P＜0.05).(2)At 3,6,and 12 months postoperatively,BMD T-values were improved in both groups(P＜0.05),with the observation group exhibiting greater improvements at 6 and 12 months(P＜0.05).(3)Serum N-terminal osteocalcin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3[25(OH)D3]levels increased in both groups at 1,3,and 6 months(P＜0.05).The observation group showed more pronounced elevations in these markers at 3 and 6 months(P＜0.05).Conclusion The combination of Zhuanggu Kangsong Soft Extract and PVP demonstrates significant therapeutic benefits for OVCF by effectively alleviating pain,enhancing BMD,and improving activities of daily living,which highlights its high clinical value.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of total saponins of Dioscoreae Nipponicae Rhizoma （TSDN） in treating gouty arthritis （GA） by regulating cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2）-mediated M1 macrophage reprogramming by in vivo and in vitro experiments. MethodsIn vivo experiment： 24 male SD rats were randomly allocated into blank， model （GA）， TSDN， and celecoxib groups， with 6 rats in each group. After 7 days of administration， pathological changes in the ankle synovial tissue were observed via hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to quantify the mRNA levels of NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome， apoptosis-associated speck-like protein （ASC）， Caspase-1， COX-2， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in the synovial tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was employed to measure the serum levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）， IL-1β， CD86， CD80， CD206， and arginase-1 （Arg-1）. In vitro experiment： The GA model was established by lipopolysaccharide （LPS） + MSU induction， and the inhibitor concentration was screened by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） assay. RAW264.7 cells were allocated into blank， model， TSDN， dexamethasone， COX-2 inhibitor （celecoxib）， and TSDN + COX-2 inhibitor groups. The levels of iNOS， IL-1β， CD86， CD80， CD206， and Arg-1 in the cell supernatant of each group were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mRNA and protein levels of NLRP3 inflammasome， COX-2， IL-1β， and TNF-α in each group were determined by Real-time PCR and Western blot， respectively. ResultsIn vivo experiment： compared with the model group， TSDN reduced the mRNA levels of NLRP3 inflammasome， COX-2， IL-1β， and TNF-α in the synovial tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ELISA results showed that TSDN lowered the serum levels of iNOS， IL-1β， CD86， and CD80 （P<0.01） while increasing the serum levels of CD206 and Arg-1 （P<0.01）. In vitro experiment： compared with the model group， TSDN and inhibitor down-regulated the mRNA levels of NLRP3 inflammasome， COX-2， IL-1β， and TNF-α and the protein levels of NLRP3 inflammasome， COX-2， cleaved IL-1β， and TNF-α （P<0.01）. Compared with TSDN alone， TSDN + COX-2 inhibitor further reduced the mRNA and protein levels of the markers above （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， TSDN and COX-2 inhibitor decreased the levels of IL-1β， iNOS， CD80， and CD86 （P<0.01） and increased the levels of CD206 and Arg-1 （P<0.01） in cells. Compared with TSDN alone， TSDN + COX-2 inhibitor reduced IL-1β， iNOS， CD80， and CD86 levels （P<0.05， P<0.01） and elevated CD206 and Arg-1 levels （P<0.01） in cells. ConclusionTSDN can alleviate GA by downregulating COX-2-mediated M1 macrophage reprogramming and suppressing the inflammatory factors.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of total saponins of Dioscoreae Nipponicae Rhizoma （TSDN） in treating gouty arthritis （GA） by regulating cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2）-mediated M1 macrophage reprogramming by in vivo and in vitro experiments. MethodsIn vivo experiment： 24 male SD rats were randomly allocated into blank， model （GA）， TSDN， and celecoxib groups， with 6 rats in each group. After 7 days of administration， pathological changes in the ankle synovial tissue were observed via hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to quantify the mRNA levels of NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome， apoptosis-associated speck-like protein （ASC）， Caspase-1， COX-2， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in the synovial tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was employed to measure the serum levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）， IL-1β， CD86， CD80， CD206， and arginase-1 （Arg-1）. In vitro experiment： The GA model was established by lipopolysaccharide （LPS） + MSU induction， and the inhibitor concentration was screened by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） assay. RAW264.7 cells were allocated into blank， model， TSDN， dexamethasone， COX-2 inhibitor （celecoxib）， and TSDN + COX-2 inhibitor groups. The levels of iNOS， IL-1β， CD86， CD80， CD206， and Arg-1 in the cell supernatant of each group were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mRNA and protein levels of NLRP3 inflammasome， COX-2， IL-1β， and TNF-α in each group were determined by Real-time PCR and Western blot， respectively. ResultsIn vivo experiment： compared with the model group， TSDN reduced the mRNA levels of NLRP3 inflammasome， COX-2， IL-1β， and TNF-α in the synovial tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ELISA results showed that TSDN lowered the serum levels of iNOS， IL-1β， CD86， and CD80 （P<0.01） while increasing the serum levels of CD206 and Arg-1 （P<0.01）. In vitro experiment： compared with the model group， TSDN and inhibitor down-regulated the mRNA levels of NLRP3 inflammasome， COX-2， IL-1β， and TNF-α and the protein levels of NLRP3 inflammasome， COX-2， cleaved IL-1β， and TNF-α （P<0.01）. Compared with TSDN alone， TSDN + COX-2 inhibitor further reduced the mRNA and protein levels of the markers above （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， TSDN and COX-2 inhibitor decreased the levels of IL-1β， iNOS， CD80， and CD86 （P<0.01） and increased the levels of CD206 and Arg-1 （P<0.01） in cells. Compared with TSDN alone， TSDN + COX-2 inhibitor reduced IL-1β， iNOS， CD80， and CD86 levels （P<0.05， P<0.01） and elevated CD206 and Arg-1 levels （P<0.01） in cells. ConclusionTSDN can alleviate GA by downregulating COX-2-mediated M1 macrophage reprogramming and suppressing the inflammatory factors.

Objective To observe conventional color Doppler ultrasound(CDU)and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)manifestations of solitary abdominal mass-forming lymphoma.Methods Thirty-two patients with solitary abdominal mass-forming lymphoma confirmed by pathology who underwent CDU examination were retrospectively included,among them 28 patients also received CEUS.CDU manifestations of lesions were observed,including the size,echogenicity,shape,margin,posterior acoustic features,blood flow,as well as presence of cord-like and reticular high echogenicity and vascular encasement or not.The enhancement distribution,degree and pattern of lesion during CEUS were recorded.Results CDU showed that solitary abdominal mass-forming lymphomas lesions mainly appeared as hypoechoic masses with heterogeneous internal echogenicity(24/32,75.00%),irregular shape(28/32,87.50%),clear margin(26/32,81.25%)and posterior acoustic enhancement(28/32,87.50%),with rich blood flow(Adler gradeⅡ—Ⅲ in 24 of 32,75.00%).Vascular encasement and reticular septation were noticed each in 8 cases(8/32,25.00%).During CEUS,peak intensity of contrast agents appeared rapidly in arterial phase,with common high enhancement(26/28,92.86%),which then washed out quickly after the peak or decreased slowly in arterial phase and low enhancement in venous phase.Diffuse distribution(26/28,92.86%),uniform enhancement pattern(20/28,71.43%)and absence of liquefied necrotic area inside(22/28,78.57%)were common findings.Conclusion CDU and CEUS manifestations of solitary abdominal mass-forming lymphoma had characteristics to a certain degree,which might be helpful to early diagnosis.

Objective:To develop and validate the Pain nursing Competency Evaluation Questionnaire for Nursing Students to provide an effective tool for measuring the pain management competency of nursing students in China.Methods:The questionnaire was constructed through literature review, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, Delphi expert consultation, and a pre-survey. From September 2023 to January 2024, a convenience sampling method was used to select 250 nursing students from Hangzhou Normal University and Lishui University in Zhejiang Province for the survey. Reliability and validity of the developed questionnaire were tested. A random sample of 30 nursing students was selected for retesting after two weeks.Results:A total of 10 female experts were consulted through correspondence. The Pain Care Competency Evaluation Questionnaire for nursing students consists of 36 items. Through exploratory factor analysis, five common factors were extracted: pain health education, comprehensive pain assessment, pain screening and assessment, analgesic interventions, and analgesic side effects nursing, which together explained 61.695% of the variance. The content validity of the questionnaire was 0.96, and the item-level content validity index ranged from 0.900 to 1.000. The overall Cronbach′s α coefficient was 0.924, and the Cronbach′s α coefficients for the five dimensions ranged from 0.856 to 0.915. The test-retest reliability was 0.831. Conclusions:The Pain Care Competency Evaluation Questionnaire for nursing students developed in this study has good reliability and validity. It can be used as a tool to assess nursing students′ competency in pain care and provides a reference for the design and optimization of pain care courses and clinical practice programs for nursing students in undergraduate institutions.

Diamond-Blackfan anemia(DBA),also known as congenital pure red cell aplasia,is a rare genetic disorder characterized by bone marrow failure,congenital anomalies,and severe red blood cell abnormalities.The rarity of the condition,and consequently limited patient pool and scarcity of research models,means that the pathogenic mechanisms associated with genetic mutations in DBA remain uncertain,and the clinical treatment options are limited.This review synthesizes the findings from zebrafish,mouse,and human cellular models of DBA mutations.We clarify the pathogenic mechanisms and monitor the progression of drugs into clinical trials,thereby aiding further in-depth explorations into the etiology and therapeutic advancements for DBA.

Objective:To compare the influence of titanium mesh repair outside and under the temporal muscle on the cerebral hemodynamic status and postoperative brain function of patients with skull defects after decompressive craniectomy (DC).Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data of patients with skull defects after DC who underwent titanium mesh cranioplasty at Yibin Sixth People′s Hospital from January 2019 to January 2024. Patients were divided into a control group ( n=35, subgaleal cranioplasty) and an observation group ( n=35, subtemporal cranioplasty). Surgical outcomes, 1-year complication rates, cerebral hemodynamic parameters [mean velocity (Vm) of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and thalamus], and functional scores [National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Minimum Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA)] were compared preoperatively, at 14 days postoperatively, and 3 months postoperatively. Results:The observation group had significantly longer operation time and postoperative swelling duration, as well as higher intraoperative blood loss than the control group (all P<0.05). At 6 months postoperatively, the complication rate in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( P<0.05). At 14 days postoperatively, MCA Vm and regional CBF in the cortex, basal ganglia, and thalamus increased in both groups, with more significant improvements in the observation group (all P<0.05). At 3 months postoperatively, NIHSS scores decreased while MMSE and FMA scores increased in both groups compared to preoperative levels. The observation group showed significantly lower NIHSS scores and higher MMSE/FMA scores than the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Both surgical approaches are clinically valuable for repairing skull defects after DC. Patients should choose the appropriate procedure based on their individual conditions.