Objective Using different concentrations of Coxsackievirus B3(CVB3)to infect young SD rats.To investigate the distribution of coxsackievirus B3(CVB3)in rat tissues and the immune response and inflammatory factors,to clarify the immunopathological mechanism of viral infection and provide an experimental basis for drug screening and efficacy evaluation.Methods Young SD rats(7 days old)were injected intraperitoneally with different doses of CVB3(TCID50=10-3.34/100 μL)and the proportions of lymphocyte subsets(CD4+,CD8+)in whole blood at days 4 and 8 were detected by flow cytometry.The CVB3 loads in the heart,liver,spleen,brain,kidney,and gastrointestinal tissues were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction,TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and histomorphologic changes were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Results Different doses of CVB3 caused different degrees of diarrhea and decreased body mass in young rats.CVB3 was mainly distributed in the stomach,small intestine,large intestine,and stools,with the highest load in the large intestine and stools.The stock solution group(TCID50=10-3.34/100 μL)increased the proportion of CD8+T cells in the whole blood in young rats and decreased the CD4+/CD8+ratio(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Compared with the nomal group high TNF-α and low IFN-γ expression were observed in the large intestine of young rats in the concentrate group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and submucosal edema and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the large intestine(cecum and rectum).There were no significant differences in the proportion of lymphocyte subsets,TNF-α and IFN-γ levels,and morphological changes in whole blood of young rats in the group 10-1,10-2,and 10-3(P＞0.05).Conclusions Different doses of CVB3 can induce infections in young SD rats.CVB3(TCID50=10-3.34/100 μL)causes pathological changes in the large intestine(cecum and rectum)in young rats,and high virus replication can increase levels of inflammatory factors and cause an imbalance of immune cells.CVB3 may have a unique pathogenic mechanism in young rats,providing a theoretical basis for developing evaluation strategies for drugs against CVB3 virus infections.

Objective : To illuminate the distribution of brucellosis patients and the epidemic typologies as well as the genetic attributes of brucellosis in Bozhou City,Anhui Province,thereby furnishing a substantive foundation for formulating efficacious prevention and control strategies for this disease within the region. Methods : The rose bengal plate agglutination test(RBPT) and the tube agglutination test(TAT) were conducted on a total of 698 blood samples that had been collected.Epidemiological data of the tested subjects were meticulously collected,followed by statistical analyses of the obtained results.The genomic DNA of positive bacterial strains was cultured and extracted.Molecular identification and typing of the isolated strains were executed through 16 S rRNA sequencing.Sequence alignment was conducted employing Clustal W and MEGA 7,with comparisons made against the outcomes of AMOS-PCR and BCSP31-PCR. Results : A total of 66 positive samples were detected through serological assays,with a positive rate of 9.46%.The demographic cohort demonstrating the highest detection rate primarily comprised individuals engaged in live sheep slaughtering.The 1 6 S rRNA gene sequencing on ten positive strains disclosed close phylogenetic affinities with Brucella melitensis.Moreover,the phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that these strains coalesced within the same branch,the findings were in alignment with the results obtained from BCSP31-PCR and AMOS-PCR assays. Conclusion Brucella melitensis assumes a predominant position in the transmission dynamics within this area,identifying individuals involved in sheep breeding,slaughtering,vending,and related occupations as high-risk groups.The outcomes of this study offer molecular biological substantiation for the distribution of brucellosis patients in this region,contribute to genotyping endeavors and tracing studies associated with the pathogen,and concurrently verify the efficacy of 16S rRNA molecular tracing.

Objective Using different concentrations of Coxsackievirus B3(CVB3)to infect young SD rats.To investigate the distribution of coxsackievirus B3(CVB3)in rat tissues and the immune response and inflammatory factors,to clarify the immunopathological mechanism of viral infection and provide an experimental basis for drug screening and efficacy evaluation.Methods Young SD rats(7 days old)were injected intraperitoneally with different doses of CVB3(TCID50=10-3.34/100 μL)and the proportions of lymphocyte subsets(CD4+,CD8+)in whole blood at days 4 and 8 were detected by flow cytometry.The CVB3 loads in the heart,liver,spleen,brain,kidney,and gastrointestinal tissues were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction,TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and histomorphologic changes were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Results Different doses of CVB3 caused different degrees of diarrhea and decreased body mass in young rats.CVB3 was mainly distributed in the stomach,small intestine,large intestine,and stools,with the highest load in the large intestine and stools.The stock solution group(TCID50=10-3.34/100 μL)increased the proportion of CD8+T cells in the whole blood in young rats and decreased the CD4+/CD8+ratio(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Compared with the nomal group high TNF-α and low IFN-γ expression were observed in the large intestine of young rats in the concentrate group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and submucosal edema and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the large intestine(cecum and rectum).There were no significant differences in the proportion of lymphocyte subsets,TNF-α and IFN-γ levels,and morphological changes in whole blood of young rats in the group 10-1,10-2,and 10-3(P＞0.05).Conclusions Different doses of CVB3 can induce infections in young SD rats.CVB3(TCID50=10-3.34/100 μL)causes pathological changes in the large intestine(cecum and rectum)in young rats,and high virus replication can increase levels of inflammatory factors and cause an imbalance of immune cells.CVB3 may have a unique pathogenic mechanism in young rats,providing a theoretical basis for developing evaluation strategies for drugs against CVB3 virus infections.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of lamb′s tripe extract and vitamin B 12 capsule (LTEVB 12C) on chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) at different locations (antrum lesser curvature, antrum greater curvature, gastric angle, corpus lesser curvature, and corpus greater curvature). Methods:From August 2011 to January 2013, 715 patients with CAG in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial were enrolled from 16 tertiary first-class hospitals across the country, including the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, the First Hospital of Jilin University, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, etc., there were 476 cases in the LTEVB 12C group and 239 cases in the placebo group. The patients of the LTEVB 12C group received LTEVB 12C, and the patients of placebo group received LTEVB 12C mimetic, all the medications were taken 3 capsules each time and 3 times a day after meals, and the treatment course of 2 groups were both 6 months. The efficacy evaluation criteria included the effective rate (a decrease of ≥1 in histopathological score compared with baseline after 6 months of treatment) and the reversal rate (a decrease of ≥ 2 in histopathological score compared with baseline after 6 months of treatment in the patients with moderate to severe CAG). The impact of lesion sites on the therapeutic effects of LTEVB 12C was analyzed by logistic regression analysis. The two-way unordered Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test considering the center effect and Pearson chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results:The effective rates of chronic inflammation at the antrum greater curvature and corpus greater curvature (23.3%, 110/473 vs. 13.0%, 31/239; 20.3%, 96/472 vs. 12.6%, 30/239), the effective rates of atrophy at the antrum lesser curvature, antrum greater curvature, gastric angle, corpus lesser curvature, and the corpus greater curvature (27.0%, 118/437 vs. 15.7%, 34/216; 29.2%, 126/432 vs. 18.5%, 38/205; 27.8%, 121/435 vs. 16.7%, 36/216; 32.5%, 127/391 vs. 19.8%, 37/187; 33.0%, 119/361 vs. 21.8%, 39/179), and the effective rates of intestinal metaplasia at the antrum lesser curvature, antrum greater curvature, gastric angle, and the corpus lesser curvature (45.0%, 112/249 vs. 29.8%, 31/104; 53.8%, 86/160 vs. 33.9%, 21/62; 45.8%, 103/225 vs. 24.0%, 25/104; 51.9%, 83/160 vs. 28.3%, 17/60) of the LTEVB 12C group were all higher than those of the placebo group, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=10.76, 6.39, 9.69, 7.91, 11.05, 9.62, 8.57, 5.20, 7.11, 12.45, and 6.73; all P<0.05). The reversal rates of chronic inflammation at the corpus lesser curvature and corpus greater curvature (5.2%, 12/231 vs. 0, 0/123; 4.7%, 8/170 vs. 0, 0/88), the reversal rates of atrophy at the antrum lesser curvature, antrum greater curvature, corpus lesser curvature, and the corpus greater curvature (6.8%, 22/323 vs. 1.3%, 2/151; 9.2%, 29/315 vs. 1.4%, 2/144; 14.2%, 38/267 vs. 2.5%, 3/121; 20.8%, 35/168 vs. 5.8%, 4/69), and the reversal rates of intestinal metaplasia at the antrum lesser curvature, antrum greater curvature, gastric angle, and the corpus lesser curvature (29.8%, 39/131 vs. 9.1%, 4/44; 41.0%, 32/78 vs. 12.5%, 3/24; 33.3%, 44/132 vs. 4.8%, 3/63; 50.0%, 37/74 vs. 8.7%, 2/23) of the LTEVB 12C group were all higher than those of the placebo group, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=6.58, 5.12, 5.60, 8.61, 11.43, 6.59, 7.30, 4.95, 15.92, 7.62; all P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the effective rates and reversal rates of active inflammation at different locations between the LTEVB 12C group and the placebo group (all P>0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis (taking the antrum lesser curvature as the reference) further confirmed that the reversal rates of chronic inflammation ( OR=0.22, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.07 to 0.67; OR=0.24, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.80), atrophy ( OR=0.28, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.49; OR=0.28, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.49), and intestinal metaplasia ( OR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.77; OR=0.20, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.52) at the corpus lesser curvature and corpus greater curvature were all higher than those at the antrum lesser curvature, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). There were no statistically siginificant differences in the reversal rates of the aforementioned pathological features between the antrum greater curvature, gastric angle, and the antrum lesser curvature (all P>0.05). Conclusion:LTEVB 12C can achieve good efficacy in the treatment of CAG, and the chronic inflammation, atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia at multiple locations are improved, especially at the corpus lesser curvature and the corpus greater curvature.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy value of the medical failure mode,and failure mode and effect analysis(FMEA)mode in equipment management of the department of optimizing blood purification equipment.Methods:Based on the management concept of medical FMEA,a FMEA management mode for equipment was constructed to manage the hemodialysis equipment in the blood purification department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University.A total of 83 used hemodialysis equipment in the blood purification department of our hospital from October 2022 to September 2024 were selected,and they were managed respectively by using conventional management mode and FMEA management mode.The differences of operation quality of equipment,comprehensive efficiency of equipment and the management capabilities of managers who used the equipment between two kinds of management modes were compared.Results:The average values of failure rate of equipment,self-repair rate,maintenance rate,and standardized operation rate of using FMEA management mode were respectively(4.72±0.11)%,(90.62±3.44)%,(95.42±2.43)%and(96.22±1.48)%.The failure rate of FMEA management mode was lower than that of conventional management mode,while the self-repair rate,maintenance rate,and standardized operation rate were higher than those of conventional management mode,and the differences were statistically significant(t=108.568,13.658,9.318,10.354,P＜0.05).The average values of availability ratio of equipment,ratio of performance index,and ratio of quality index of adopting FMEA management mode were respectively(91.04±2.65)%,(96.94±2.31)%and(97.66±1.19)%,which were higher than those of conventional management mode,and the differences were statistically significant(t=19.330,13.085,14.889,P＜0.05).The scores of job responsibilities,basic knowledge for equipment,guarantee capabilities for operation and management performance of manager were respectively(94.12±2.76),(92.03±2.50),(91.35±2.62)and(93.65±3.28)in using the FMEA management mode,which were all higher than those of the conventional management mode,and the differences were statistically significant(t=7.630,11.027,17.311,11.645,P＜0.05).Conclusion:The application of medical FMEA management mode in the management for hemodialysis equipment in the blood purification department can improve the quality of equipment operation,and reduce the failure frequency of equipment,and enhance the overall utilization efficiency of equipment,and improve the quality of clinical services in the department.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy value of the medical failure mode,and failure mode and effect analysis(FMEA)mode in equipment management of the department of optimizing blood purification equipment.Methods:Based on the management concept of medical FMEA,a FMEA management mode for equipment was constructed to manage the hemodialysis equipment in the blood purification department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University.A total of 83 used hemodialysis equipment in the blood purification department of our hospital from October 2022 to September 2024 were selected,and they were managed respectively by using conventional management mode and FMEA management mode.The differences of operation quality of equipment,comprehensive efficiency of equipment and the management capabilities of managers who used the equipment between two kinds of management modes were compared.Results:The average values of failure rate of equipment,self-repair rate,maintenance rate,and standardized operation rate of using FMEA management mode were respectively(4.72±0.11)%,(90.62±3.44)%,(95.42±2.43)%and(96.22±1.48)%.The failure rate of FMEA management mode was lower than that of conventional management mode,while the self-repair rate,maintenance rate,and standardized operation rate were higher than those of conventional management mode,and the differences were statistically significant(t=108.568,13.658,9.318,10.354,P＜0.05).The average values of availability ratio of equipment,ratio of performance index,and ratio of quality index of adopting FMEA management mode were respectively(91.04±2.65)%,(96.94±2.31)%and(97.66±1.19)%,which were higher than those of conventional management mode,and the differences were statistically significant(t=19.330,13.085,14.889,P＜0.05).The scores of job responsibilities,basic knowledge for equipment,guarantee capabilities for operation and management performance of manager were respectively(94.12±2.76),(92.03±2.50),(91.35±2.62)and(93.65±3.28)in using the FMEA management mode,which were all higher than those of the conventional management mode,and the differences were statistically significant(t=7.630,11.027,17.311,11.645,P＜0.05).Conclusion:The application of medical FMEA management mode in the management for hemodialysis equipment in the blood purification department can improve the quality of equipment operation,and reduce the failure frequency of equipment,and enhance the overall utilization efficiency of equipment,and improve the quality of clinical services in the department.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of lamb′s tripe extract and vitamin B 12 capsule (LTEVB 12C) on chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) at different locations (antrum lesser curvature, antrum greater curvature, gastric angle, corpus lesser curvature, and corpus greater curvature). Methods:From August 2011 to January 2013, 715 patients with CAG in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial were enrolled from 16 tertiary first-class hospitals across the country, including the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, the First Hospital of Jilin University, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, etc., there were 476 cases in the LTEVB 12C group and 239 cases in the placebo group. The patients of the LTEVB 12C group received LTEVB 12C, and the patients of placebo group received LTEVB 12C mimetic, all the medications were taken 3 capsules each time and 3 times a day after meals, and the treatment course of 2 groups were both 6 months. The efficacy evaluation criteria included the effective rate (a decrease of ≥1 in histopathological score compared with baseline after 6 months of treatment) and the reversal rate (a decrease of ≥ 2 in histopathological score compared with baseline after 6 months of treatment in the patients with moderate to severe CAG). The impact of lesion sites on the therapeutic effects of LTEVB 12C was analyzed by logistic regression analysis. The two-way unordered Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test considering the center effect and Pearson chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results:The effective rates of chronic inflammation at the antrum greater curvature and corpus greater curvature (23.3%, 110/473 vs. 13.0%, 31/239; 20.3%, 96/472 vs. 12.6%, 30/239), the effective rates of atrophy at the antrum lesser curvature, antrum greater curvature, gastric angle, corpus lesser curvature, and the corpus greater curvature (27.0%, 118/437 vs. 15.7%, 34/216; 29.2%, 126/432 vs. 18.5%, 38/205; 27.8%, 121/435 vs. 16.7%, 36/216; 32.5%, 127/391 vs. 19.8%, 37/187; 33.0%, 119/361 vs. 21.8%, 39/179), and the effective rates of intestinal metaplasia at the antrum lesser curvature, antrum greater curvature, gastric angle, and the corpus lesser curvature (45.0%, 112/249 vs. 29.8%, 31/104; 53.8%, 86/160 vs. 33.9%, 21/62; 45.8%, 103/225 vs. 24.0%, 25/104; 51.9%, 83/160 vs. 28.3%, 17/60) of the LTEVB 12C group were all higher than those of the placebo group, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=10.76, 6.39, 9.69, 7.91, 11.05, 9.62, 8.57, 5.20, 7.11, 12.45, and 6.73; all P<0.05). The reversal rates of chronic inflammation at the corpus lesser curvature and corpus greater curvature (5.2%, 12/231 vs. 0, 0/123; 4.7%, 8/170 vs. 0, 0/88), the reversal rates of atrophy at the antrum lesser curvature, antrum greater curvature, corpus lesser curvature, and the corpus greater curvature (6.8%, 22/323 vs. 1.3%, 2/151; 9.2%, 29/315 vs. 1.4%, 2/144; 14.2%, 38/267 vs. 2.5%, 3/121; 20.8%, 35/168 vs. 5.8%, 4/69), and the reversal rates of intestinal metaplasia at the antrum lesser curvature, antrum greater curvature, gastric angle, and the corpus lesser curvature (29.8%, 39/131 vs. 9.1%, 4/44; 41.0%, 32/78 vs. 12.5%, 3/24; 33.3%, 44/132 vs. 4.8%, 3/63; 50.0%, 37/74 vs. 8.7%, 2/23) of the LTEVB 12C group were all higher than those of the placebo group, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=6.58, 5.12, 5.60, 8.61, 11.43, 6.59, 7.30, 4.95, 15.92, 7.62; all P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the effective rates and reversal rates of active inflammation at different locations between the LTEVB 12C group and the placebo group (all P>0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis (taking the antrum lesser curvature as the reference) further confirmed that the reversal rates of chronic inflammation ( OR=0.22, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.07 to 0.67; OR=0.24, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.80), atrophy ( OR=0.28, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.49; OR=0.28, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.49), and intestinal metaplasia ( OR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.77; OR=0.20, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.52) at the corpus lesser curvature and corpus greater curvature were all higher than those at the antrum lesser curvature, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). There were no statistically siginificant differences in the reversal rates of the aforementioned pathological features between the antrum greater curvature, gastric angle, and the antrum lesser curvature (all P>0.05). Conclusion:LTEVB 12C can achieve good efficacy in the treatment of CAG, and the chronic inflammation, atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia at multiple locations are improved, especially at the corpus lesser curvature and the corpus greater curvature.

This study was to investigate the relationship between spring pollen distribution concentration, species and the detection results of air-borne pollen allergens in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province during March to May 2022 and March to May 2023.A retrospective study was conducted in the Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Clinic of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University.Pollen particles will be monitored by gravity sedimentation method on the roof of the outpatient department of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University in downtown Taiyuan from March to May 2022-2023, and pollen species and quantity will be observed and recorded under an optical microscope.The air-borne pollen allergen detection results of all allergic rhinitis patients in the otolaryngology Head and Neck surgery Department of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were extracted from the relevant outpatient system. SPSS software and Pearson correlation analysis were used to compare the correlation between the allergens and the dominant air-borne pollen monitoring results. Results are as follows: (1)A total of 18 species of spring pollen in Taiyuan City were monitored in 2022-2023, with 101 177.5 grains, and the dominant airborne pollen was poplar (16.69%) and pine (29.06%) pollen. The pollen of poplar (11.96%), elm (7.89%) and cypress (8.68%) were dominant in early spring; Pine (25.16%) pollen predominated in late spring. The two peaks of pollen dispersal in Taiyuan were in late March (15 479 grains) and early and mid May (15 094/15 343 grains).(2) The positive rates of allergens in serum specific IgE detection were: wormwood (46%, 248/541 cases), tree combination (26%, 143/541 cases), ragweed (19%, 101/541 cases), humulus scandens (9%, 49/541 cases).(3)There was a linear positive correlation between the positive rate of air-borne pollen allergens in allergic rhinitis patients in the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University and the dominant air-borne pollen concentration in the same period ( P<0.05, r=0.999). In conclusion, two spring pollen dispersal peaks were formed in late March and early to mid May in Taiyuan City, and the dominant air-borne pollens were poplar and pine pollens. The positive rate of air borne pollen allergen sIgE showed that wormwood allergy was the highest.There was a positive correlation between the concentration of air-borne pollen and the positive rate of air-borne pollen allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis in the Department of otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery in Taiyuan in 2022 and 2023.The monitoring of pollen distribution in spring can provide an important scientific basis for clinical workers to formulate prevention and treatment plans for patients with allergic rhinitis in the season, and provide data reference for the epidemiological investigation of allergic diseases in Taiyuan in the future.

This study was to investigate the relationship between spring pollen distribution concentration, species and the detection results of air-borne pollen allergens in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province during March to May 2022 and March to May 2023.A retrospective study was conducted in the Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Clinic of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University.Pollen particles will be monitored by gravity sedimentation method on the roof of the outpatient department of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University in downtown Taiyuan from March to May 2022-2023, and pollen species and quantity will be observed and recorded under an optical microscope.The air-borne pollen allergen detection results of all allergic rhinitis patients in the otolaryngology Head and Neck surgery Department of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were extracted from the relevant outpatient system. SPSS software and Pearson correlation analysis were used to compare the correlation between the allergens and the dominant air-borne pollen monitoring results. Results are as follows: (1)A total of 18 species of spring pollen in Taiyuan City were monitored in 2022-2023, with 101 177.5 grains, and the dominant airborne pollen was poplar (16.69%) and pine (29.06%) pollen. The pollen of poplar (11.96%), elm (7.89%) and cypress (8.68%) were dominant in early spring; Pine (25.16%) pollen predominated in late spring. The two peaks of pollen dispersal in Taiyuan were in late March (15 479 grains) and early and mid May (15 094/15 343 grains).(2) The positive rates of allergens in serum specific IgE detection were: wormwood (46%, 248/541 cases), tree combination (26%, 143/541 cases), ragweed (19%, 101/541 cases), humulus scandens (9%, 49/541 cases).(3)There was a linear positive correlation between the positive rate of air-borne pollen allergens in allergic rhinitis patients in the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University and the dominant air-borne pollen concentration in the same period ( P<0.05, r=0.999). In conclusion, two spring pollen dispersal peaks were formed in late March and early to mid May in Taiyuan City, and the dominant air-borne pollens were poplar and pine pollens. The positive rate of air borne pollen allergen sIgE showed that wormwood allergy was the highest.There was a positive correlation between the concentration of air-borne pollen and the positive rate of air-borne pollen allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis in the Department of otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery in Taiyuan in 2022 and 2023.The monitoring of pollen distribution in spring can provide an important scientific basis for clinical workers to formulate prevention and treatment plans for patients with allergic rhinitis in the season, and provide data reference for the epidemiological investigation of allergic diseases in Taiyuan in the future.

Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis(OMS)is a subtype of maxillary sinusitis(MS).It is actually inflammation of the maxillary sinus that secondary to adjacent infectious maxillary dental lesion.Due to the lack of unique clinical features,OMS is difficult to distinguish from other types of rhinosinusitis.Besides,the characteristic infectious pathogeny of OMS makes it is resistant to conventional therapies of rhinosinusitis.Its current diagnosis and treatment are thus facing great difficulties.The multi-disciplinary cooperation between otolaryngologists and dentists is absolutely urgent to settle these questions and to acquire standardized diagnostic and treatment regimen for OMS.However,this disease has actually received little attention and has been underrepresented by relatively low publication volume and quality.Based on systematically reviewed literature and practical experiences of expert members,our consensus focuses on characteristics,symptoms,classification and diagnosis of OMS,and further put forward multi-disciplinary treatment decisions for OMS,as well as the common treatment complications and relative managements.This consensus aims to increase attention to OMS,and optimize the clinical diagnosis and decision-making of OMS,which finally provides evidence-based options for OMS clinical management.