BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

COVID-19 has been associated with cardiac injury, often detectable through electrocardiographic (ECG) changes. This study seeks to characterize the cardiovascular and electrocardiographic profiles of adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19.

This study included adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 from June 2021 to June 2022. Clinical profiles and 12-lead ECG tracings were obtained from electronic medical records and reviewed independently by three cardiologists. Descriptive analysis was performed to summarize the cardiovascular and electrocardiographic findings in this population.

The study included 998 COVID-19 patients (mean age: 50 years; 53.7% male). The most common comorbidities were hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. A majority (31.36%) presented with severe COVID-19 infection. The most frequent significant ECG abnormalities observed at admission were sinus tachycardia (22.8%), and atrial fibrillation (11.02%). Additional ischemic findings included ST segment depression (2.91%), T-wave inversion (1.70%), and ST segment elevation (2.71%).

The baseline ECG findings among COVID-19 patients were predominantly normal; however, significant abnormalities were also identified. The most frequent abnormalities included sinus tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and ischemic changes, all of which may have clinical implications.

Weber-Christian Disease (WCD), or relapsing febrile nodular panniculitis is a rare form of subcutaneous fat inflammation commonly affecting women aged 40-75 years old. It is rarer in children with only 1 previously reported case in the Philippines. It presents as erythematous nodules, frequently affecting the lower extremities. There is no standard treatment, but reportedly improves with steroid therapy, cyclosporine, and immunomodulators.

This is a case of a 12-year-old-female, who presented with a 4-month history of palpable facial nodules, thigh pains, and recurrent fever. Work-up for hypersensitivity reaction, autoimmune condition, hematologic problem, or infectious etiology yielded unremarkable findings, and corresponding management had no significant response. Patient developed firm lesions on the abdomen which was sent for biopsy and showed results consistent with WCD. Steroid, hydroxychloroquine, and topical indomethacin were then started and noted gradual improvement of the lesions. Patient was then discharged improved with lesions noted to progressively decrease in size and with no appearance of newer lesions upon follow-up.

WCD is a rare form of nodular panniculitis, more so in the younger age group. It is characterized by presence of cutaneous lesions associated with systemic symptoms. Skin biopsy is necessary to confirm its diagnosis. Visceral organ involvement and failure to respond to treatment may result to poor prognosis, and occasionally leads to death.

INTRODUCTION

It is anticipated that Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) has greater risk in acquiring COVID-19 infection and poorer outcome. However, current worldwide data are conflicting.

This study primarily aims to compare the outcomes of COVID-19 patients with COPD and those without COPD in terms of length of hospital stay (LOS), recovery or mortality, treatment received, and predictors of mortality.

This is a retrospective cohort chart review of 1,017 admitted adult COVID-19 patients from July to December 2020. Age, gender, smoking status, current control and medications for COPD, COVID-19 severity, symptoms, treatment, and outcomes of the two study groups were compared.

Prevalence rate of COPD was 3.8%. COVID-19 patients with COPD were older (median age of 69 vs 54, pCONCLUSION

COPD increases the risk for severe COVID-19 and lengthens LOS.

Gorham-Stout disease is a rare osteolytic disorder with an unclear pathophysiology. It presents as lesions characterized by the loss of the bony matrix and the proliferation of malformed vasculature. At present, there are no gold-standard diagnostic evaluation protocols and it is diagnosed through a mixture of clinical, histopathologic, and radiographic findings. We report a case of a 19-year-old female with Gorham-Stout disease presenting with an 8-year progressive soft tissue mass in the mandible. Extensive osteolysis of the mandible with clustering of the mandibular dentition is noted on computed tomography (CT) imaging. Her case was discussed in a multidisciplinary conference and her treatment was radiotherapy followed by surgery ± reconstruction. We used a CT-based three-dimensional planning technique to give 40 Gy over 20 treatment sessions to the involved areas. Post treatment, a repeat CT was done at six weeks to reassess for disease progression or stabilization, followed by surgical excision. As of 31 October 2021, no evidence of recurrence is noted 48 months after treatment. Arriving at a definitive diagnosis with GorhamStout disease is challenging and a multidisciplinary team approach can help determine the treatment choice with best outcomes.

INTRODUCTION

Parotid lymphoma is a rare occurrence, let alone a diagnosis of nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL). Salivary gland tumors commonly affect the parotid gland, although a primary malignant lesion rarely occurs, with an incidence of 0.5 to 3.0/100,000 population/year worldwide. This case report describes the presentation of this rare lymphoma. This also demonstrates the efficacy of standard of care chemotherapy with doxorubicin, vincristine, bleomycin, and dacarbazine with an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, rituximab (R-ABVD).

This is a case of a 44-year-old male with a gradually enlarging right preauricular mass. Biopsy and immunohistochemical staining confirmed a diagnosis of NLPHL Stage IIA. A total of six cycles of chemotherapy with R-ABVD was given. Follow-up PET CT showed resolution of FDG avid nodes localized near the surgically removed parotid gland, confirming complete remission.

Parotid malignancy only accounts for 5% of all head and neck tumors. NLPHL is even more rare, with an incidence of 1.5/1,000,000 population per year. The rarity of the case limits clinical trials for its treatment. Because of this, R-ABVD has been employed as a treatment of choice for intermediate-staged NLPHL. Overall response showed an 85% five-year progression-free survival and 99% overall survival.

This case report highlights the significance of early lymphoma detection despite its rarity among parotid tumors and prompt initiation of chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND

Myocardial bridging (MB) is a congenital coronary anomaly characterized by an epicardial coronary artery taking an intramuscular course, causing systolic compression of the tunneled segment. In comparison to coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial bridges have been uncommonly associated with acute coronary syndromes and sudden cardiac death.Evidence of accelerated atherosclerotic plaque formation proximal to the bridged segment may increase the risk for future adverse cardiac events in these patients.

This Single–Center Retrospective Study included 323 adult in-patients who underwent coronary angiography for suspected myocardial ischemia in 2022. Clinical information and in-hospital outcomes were obtained by review of medical records.

Myocardial bridging was observed in 31 out of 323 patients (9.60%), with the majority in the mid-left anterior descending artery (87.10%). MB was more prevalent in females (56.62%), and these patients were younger than patients with obstructive CAD (56.9 versus 63.6 years). Chronic Coronary Syndrome was more prevalent in the MB group (82.62%). The coronary segment proximal to the area with MB showed the concurrent presence of obstructive CAD in 16.12% and non-obstructive CAD in 29.03% of cases. In-hospital mortality occurred in 4.44% of the studied population. However, there were no mortalities in the MB group.

Among patients admitted for suspected myocardial ischemia, 9.6% had MB. These patients were younger and, more often, female. Obstructive and non-obstructive CAD were noted in bridged vessels. Although patients with obstructive CAD have a higher risk of experiencing in-hospital death and cardiac complications, evidence of increased atherosclerotic plaque formation in bridged vessels has important implications for future adverse cardiac events and repeat hospitalizations in the MB population. Aggressive risk factor modification, emphasis on long-term follow-up, and the establishment of clinical practice guidelines are therefore necessary for patients with MB.

INTRODUCTION

While a 600 mg loading dose (LD) of clopidogrel has demonstrated superior inhibition of platelet function compared to 300 mg LD, the clinical evidence supporting this superiority is limited. The debate centers on whether higher clopidogrel LD regimen in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) outperforms the standard 300 mg LD, with potential benefits being more pronounced in higher-risk patients. Balancing enhanced platelet inhibition to reduce ischemic events against the associated risk of increased bleeding remains a critical consideration in determining the optimal loading dose of clopidogrel for patients with ischemic heart disease.

A systematic literature search for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was performed comparing 600 mg with 300 mg LD of clopidogrel using PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, Clinicaltrials.gov and HerdinPH. Studies included those between 2010 and 2023 involving human subjects. The primary efficacy endpoint was a 1-month rate of major adverse cardiac event (MACE) and the primary safety outcome was bleeding adverse effects.

Nine RCTs involving 29,827 patients were included in the efficacy analysis. Mean duration of follow-up was 30 days. Only eight studies were eligible for safety analysis. Compared with standard LD clopidogrel, high LD significantly reduced the incidence of overall MACE (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.74-0.91, p = 0.0002), nonfatal myocardial infarction (OR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.32-0.99, p = 0.15) and target vessel revascularization (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.41-0.95, p = 0.03), without significant difference in terms of cardiac death (OR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.76-1.04, p = 0.15) and stroke (OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.67-1.26, p = 0.61). However, major bleeding risk was higher in the 600 mg LD (1.9%; 261/13288) compared with 300 mg LD (2.4%; 328/13242) [OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.08-1.49, p = 0.005] without significant difference in minor bleeding (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.94-1.17, p = 0.35).

The administration of 600 mg clopidogrel LD reduces the overall risk of MACE with associated increased risk of major bleeding.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Coronary artery disease (CAD) poses a significant global health challenge. In the Philippines, despite increased availability of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), cost remains a barrier to access. This research evaluates key factors such as all-cause death, cardiovascular death, repeat revascularization and quality of life post-CABG under the Philippine Health Z Benefit Package (PZBP). Its findings provide critical insights for shaping clinical practices, policymaking and advocating for broader implementation of the PZBP to improve healthcare access and quality of life for post-CABG patients.

This retrospective cross-sectional study explores the outcomes of post-coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients enrolled under the PZBP. The study, conducted at Perpetual Succour Hospital in Cebu City from December 2018 to September 2023, included patients diagnosed with CAD based on ACC/AHA 2021 guidelines. Using a complete enumeration strategy, the research employed descriptive statistics for demographic and clinical profiling, and measured quality of life using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) tool.

The study analyzed 29 patients who underwent CABG through the PZBP, presenting detailed demographic and clinical data. Most patients (41.4%) fell within the 51-60 age range, with males comprising 75.9%. Diabetes mellitus type II was prevalent (58.6%) and 86.2% had three-vessel diseases. The quality of life assessed with WHOQOL-BREF yielded positive scores across physical, mental, social and environmental domains, indicating favorable outcomes. Notably, no cardiovascular deaths, all-cause deaths, or repeat revascularizations were reported during the study, highlighting the effectiveness of CABG under PZBP.

The study on post-CABG patients under the PZBP shows promising outcomes with no all-cause death, cardiovascular death, or repeat revascularization. This indicates the program's effectiveness in delivering accessible, high-quality healthcare, enhancing long-term survival rates and overall well-being. However, addressing underutilization is crucial, highlighting the importance of raising awareness and utilization to further improve post-CABG patients' outcomes and quality of life.

Pain is one of the common non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson disease and is characterized by early onset， a high incidence rate， and diverse types of discomfort， which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Based on the related concepts of pain in Parkinson disease and the current status of research in China， this article reviews the commonly used non-pharmaceutical interventions for alleviating pain in patients and their mechanisms， in order to provide a basis for developing pain management regimens.
Parkinson Disease ; Pain

Objective To investigate the characteristics of tremor in Parkinson disease （PD）， essential tremor （ET）， and neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease （NIID）. Methods The surface electromyography （sEMG） data of both upper limbs were collected from 73 patients with tremor （30 patients in PD group， 23 in ET group， and 20 in NIID group）， and the a power spectral analysis was used to investigate frequency characteristics. A one-way analysis of variance and the chi-square test were used for comparison of electrophysiological parameters on sEMG between the three groups. Results The ET group had a higher tremor frequency than the PD group （F=41.86， P<0.01）， while the PD group had a higher tremor frequency than the NIID group in resting state （F=41.86， P=0.002） and in postural state （F=41.86， P=0.011）. The PD group had a higher proportion of patients with alternating contractions than the NIID group in resting state （χ2=5.70， P=0.017） and in postural state （χ2=7.24， P=0.007）， as well as a higher proportion of such patients than the ET group （χ2=9.67， P=0.002）. The PD group also had a higher proportion of patients with harmonic resonances than the NIID group in resting state （χ2=4.64， P=0.031） and in postural state （χ2=7.73， P=0.005）， as well as a higher proportion of such patients than the ET group （χ2=6.52， P=0.011）. Conclusion The highest tremor frequency is observed in ET， while the lowest tremor frequency is observed in NIID； patients with PD have a higher proportion of individuals with alternating contractions or harmonic resonances than patients with NIID and ET.
Parkinson Disease ; Tremor