Objective:To establish a quality standard system for Descurainiae Semen under the requirements of German Pharmaceutical Codex (DPC); To compare the similarities and differences between DPC and the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China regarding the establishment of a quality standard system for TCM medicinal materials. Methods:Based on the requirements of DPC, and referring to the relevant methods of Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, the quality of 30 batches of Descurainiae Semen samples were assessed by observing the appearance and microscopic characteristics and determining their loss on drying, total ash content, and ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid. A TLC identification method was established based on a silica gel G TLC plate, using a developing agent composed of ethyl acetate, formic acid, and water in the ratio of 7:1.5:2.5 ( V/ V/ V). The method utilized rutin and quercetin as indicators for the System Suitability Test (SST), and took quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucose-7-O-β-D-gentiobioside and isorhamnetin 3-O-β-D-glucose-7-O-β-D-gentiobioside as the index. Based on the content determination method for Descurainiae Semen in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, a content determination method was established with quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucose-7-O-β- D-gentiobioside as the index. Results:The loss on drying for the 30 batches of samples ranged from 6.15% to 12.0%, with the total ash content ranged from 3.17% to 9.44%, and the ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid content ranged from 0.14% to 4.82%. The resolution of rutin and quercetin met the DPC's requirements for the SST criteria in TLC identification, and all batches of samples showed good separation of the index components. This method could effectively distinguish Descurainiae Semen from Lepidii Semen. Using modern chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, the structure of the chromatographic peak adjacent to the component of the index (quercetin-3-O-β- D-glucoside-7-O-β-D-gentiobioside) was identified as descuraic anhydride B. The resolution between the two components in all batches of samples was greater than 3.1, which met the DPC's requirements for the SST criteria in content determination. The results of the methodological investigations met the requirements for content determination. The content of quercetin-3-O-β- D-glucose-7-O-β-D-gentiobioside in 30 batches of samples ranged from 0.062%-0.125%.Conclusion:The established quality standard system for Descurainiae Semen in this article is comprehensive, and meets the requirements of the DPC, which can be used for the quality control of Descurainiae Semen.

Minimally invasive surgery has become the guiding principle of the entire surgical treatment.In last 16 years,totally thoracoscopic cardiac surgery(TTCS)has developed rapidly,and achieved good results.However,there are obvious differences between the basic surgical techniques of TTCS and of conventional cardiac surgery.At present,there is still lack of standard and in sufficient evidence in the surgical techniques of TTCS.It requires professional and standardized training and evidence-based research on TTCS,including indication selection and procedure standardization,to improve the therapy level of TTCS further.

Minimally invasive surgery has become the guiding principle of the entire surgical treatment.In last 16 years,totally thoracoscopic cardiac surgery(TTCS)has developed rapidly,and achieved good results.However,there are obvious differences between the basic surgical techniques of TTCS and of conventional cardiac surgery.At present,there is still lack of standard and in sufficient evidence in the surgical techniques of TTCS.It requires professional and standardized training and evidence-based research on TTCS,including indication selection and procedure standardization,to improve the therapy level of TTCS further.

Objective To observe the effects of hydrotalcite on histological ulcer healing quality in patients with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) positive active gastric ulcer .Methods A total of 145 patients with H p positive active gastric ulcer were divided into two groups .The control group was treated with esomeprazole ,amoxicillin and furazolidone triple therapy .The treatment group was treated with above triple therapy and hydrotalcite .After four-week treatment ,gastroendoscopy was repeated .The sections of gastric biopsy specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining ,Van Gieson staining , Alcian blue-periodic acid stiff (AB-PAS ) staining , streptavidin-perosidase (SP ) immunohistochemistry staining and computer imaging analysis technology were applied to observe maturity type of mucosal structure at the margin of ulcer ,the content of collagen and neutral mucus ,and the changes of expression of epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) and basic fibrobast growth factor (bFGF) before and after treatment .Paired samples t test was performed for comparison before and after treatment .F test and Chi-square test were used for comparison between two groups .Results The percentage of maturity type of regenerated mucosal structure of treatment group was 62 .9% (39/62) ,however that of control group was 40 .6% (26/64) ,and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =13 .09 , P=0 .03) .Compared with those before treatment , the content of collagen in granulation tissue and neutral mucus in regenerated mucosa increased in both groups after treatment , and the increase was more significant in treatment group ((55 .1 ± 10 .4)% and (45 .8 ± 7 .1)% ,respectively);and the differences were statistically significant (F= 12 .85 and 18 .17 ,both P<0 .01) .Compared with those before treatment ,the percentage of EGFR and bFGF positive cells of both two groups increased , and the increase was more significant in treatment group ((49 .5 ± 8 .4)% and (48 .8 ± 9 .4)% ,respectively) ,and the differences were statistically significant (F=12 .17 and 18 .73 ,both P<0 .01) .Conclusion Hydrotalcite combined with anti-H p triple therapy can improve the maturity degree of structure and function of regenerated mucosa at the margin of ulcer in patients with H p positive active gastric ulcer and then improve the healing quality of ulcer .

Objective To analyze the etiology of fever of unknown origin (FUO).Methods A total of 372 patients with FUO who hospitalized in Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital were retrospectively analyzed from January 2003 to August 2013.All the patients were divided into two groups:group A (January 2003-December 2007) and group B (January 2008-August 2013).Diagnosis rate,duration of hospitalization (days) and time to diagnosis between the two groups were artificially compared.Results Of the 372 FUO cases,336 were positively diagnosed with a diagnosis rate of 90.3％.Infectious diseases were still the primary causes of FUO (60.2％),including 72 cases (32.1％) of tuberculosis.Connective tissue diseases accounted for 12.9％ of the FUO cases,malignancies were 8.3％,and miscellaneous diseases were 8.9％.Yet thirty six patients (9.7％) could not be confirmed until they were discharged from hospital.The duration of fever in patients with malignancies was longer than that with infectious diseases [60.0 (30.0,90.0) days vs 30.0 (20.0,60.0) days,P =0.003].Time to diagnosis of connective tissue disease and malignancies was longer than infectious diseases [(12.0 (7.3,18.8) days and 11.0 (7.0,18.0) vs 5.0 (3.0,8.0) days,both P values =0.000].The duration of hospitalization in group A was longer than that of group B [17.0(12.0,30.0) days vs 14.0(10.0,20.0) days,P =0.000].The diagnosis rate and time to diagnosis of group A were similar with those of group B.The proportion of connective tissue diseases in group A was higher than group B(18.1％ vs 9.2％,x2 =6.201,P =0.013).The proportion of infectious disease,malignancies and miscellaneous diseases was not significantly different between the two groups.Conclusions Infectious diseases are the major causes of FUO,and the most common cause is tuberculosis.Connective tissue diseases and malignancies are the second and third causes of FUO.The duration of fever and time to diagnosis are significantly different between the different origins.

Objective To measure the expressions of zinc finger protein A20 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) tissue and their correlation with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.Methods Tissue specimens were obtained from the lesions of 43 patients with CSCC and normal skin of 21 healthy human controls.Gene chips were used to detect the DNA of 21 HPV subtypes in these specimens.The expression levels of zinc finger protein A20 and NF-κB were determined by immunohistochemistry.The correlation between clinicopathological features of CSCC and HPV infection was estimated by Spearman rank correlation analysis.Results No significant difference was found in the expression level of either zinc finger protein A20 or NF-κB among patients of different age groups,gender,and with CSCC of different primary sites or histological grade (all P ＞ 0.05).However,there was a significant difference in the expression levels of zinc finger protein A20 and NF-κB between 39 patients with histological grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ and 4 patients with grade Ⅲ (25.85 ± 3.84 vs.48.34± 7.69 for zinc finger protein A20,46.64 ± 8.93 vs.57.34 ± 10.02 for NF-κB,both P ＜ 0.05),and between 3 patients with nodular metastasis and 40 patients without (35.34 ± 6.02 vs.26.51 ± 4.09 for zinc finger protein A20,57.53 ± 13.32 vs.45.45 ± 9.64 for NF-κB,P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).The expression rate was 2/8,5/13 and 1/3 for zinc finger protein A20 (P ＞ 0.05),3/8,10/13 and 2/3 for NF-κB (P ＞ 0.05),in CSCC tissue specimens infected with low-risk HPV subtypes,high-risk subtypes,concurrent low-and high-risk HPV subtypes respectively.In HPV-infected CSCC tissue,a significantly positive correlation was found between the staining scores for zinc finger protein A20 and for NF-κB p65(r =3.14,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The high expressions of NF-κB and zinc finger protein A20 may play an important role in the oncogenesis of CSCC induced by HPV infection.

Objective To explore the efficacy,mechanism and safety of silibinin combined with Ruangan pills(a Chinese herbal preparation)in the treatment of schistosomiasis liver fibrosis. Methods A total of 200 patients with schistosomiasis liver fibrosis were randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group,and 100 patients in each group were respectively admin-istered with oral silibinin alone and oral silibinin combined with Ruangan pills,respectively. The curative effects in the two groups were evaluated in 3 months,6 months,9 months and 12 months respectively. Results The common five clinical symptoms of schistosomiasis liver fibrosis patients significantly relieved in the treatment group 12 months after the therapy,and the total effi-ciency reached more than 75%,which were significantly higher than that in the control group. In the treatment group and the con-trol group,there was no improvement in the liver B ultrasonic classification 3 months and 6 months after the therapy(P>0.05);however,in 9 months and 12 months,the liver B ultrasonic classification in the treatment group was better than that in the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01,respectively). For the four serum indexes of liver fibrosis,there was no significant differences between the two groups in 3 months,however,in 6 months,9 months,and 12 months,there was a significant improvement in the treat-ment group compared with the control group. There were no obviously adverse effects in two groups. Conclusion Silibinin com-bined with Ruangan pills has a better curative effect in the treatment of schistosomiasis liver fibrosis.

Objective To analyse the risk factors and prognosis of new on-set postoperative atrial fibrillation in different age and gender groups.Methods The study is a retrospective analysis in 516 patients from a single center.All cases were divided into 5 groups by ages as:＜ 40 years (n =61),40-49 years (n =97),50-59 years (n =115),60-75 years (n =140),and ＞ 75 years(n =103).We retrospectively analysed the difference in the occurrence-and recurrence-rate of POAF,risk factors,feature of coronary artery in different age and gender groups.Results There were no statistics differences in the same age group.The major risk factors were smoking,family history of coronary artery disease and hyperlipaemia in age ＜40 years group and 40 ～ 49 years group.while the major risk factors were hypertension and diabetes in the 60-75 years group and age ＞ 75 years group.The percentage of smoking patients decreased along with adding age.There was obviously statistical difference in the recurrence-rate of POAF across all groups during 24 follow-up months (P ＜ 0.05).The number of coronary lesion was increased with age.There were more ostial lesions in the 60-75 years group and age ＞ 75 years group.Conclusion There are different risk factors and characteristics among POAF patients in different age and gender groups.It is of great significance for us that comprehensive clinical intervention measures are taken to prevent recurrence of AF.

Objective To explore the best range of international normalized ratio for anticoagulation treatment after mitral valve replacement (MVR) and double valve replacement (DVR).Methods We conducted a follow-up study involving 1592 patients who received the warfarin anticoagulant therapy after MVR or DVR in our hospital.Clinical data was collected including the admission information,the dose of warfarin and the INR level,and the occurrence of bleeding and thrombosis were recorded.The patients were divided into 2 (MVR and DVR) groups in terms of the different valve prostheses,and then each group was assigned to four subgroups according to their INR level ( A:INR=1.4-1.7;B:INR=1.7-2.0;C:INR=2.0-2.3;and D:INR=2.3-2.6) to compare the incidence of bleeding and thrombosis among these subgroups.Results The analysis of the incidence of bleeding:In MVR group,the subgroups with different INR levels had significant difference with participants with INR level at D having higher incidence of bleeding than the other 3 groups (Group A:x2=17.991,Group B:x2=13.436,Group C:x2=7.186;P＜0.01 ).We observed significant difference in DVR groups (x2=19.067,P＜0.01 ) with the increased incidence of bleeding of INR level at D compared with the other three groups ( Group A:x2=16.736,Group B:x2=10.486,Group C:x2=7.773;P＜0.01 ).The analysis of the occurrence of thrombosis;The groups of MVR and DVR had no significant differenceson in the incidences of thrombosis in all the levels of INR ( P ＞ 0.05 ).No significant statistical differences were found on the incidence of bleeding and thrombosis at INR level 1.4-2.3 ( P ＞ 0.05 ) Conclusion The present study suggestes that the level of INR at 1.4-2.3 is appropriate after the anticoagulation therapy in the MVR and DVR groups.

Objective To evaluate the reconstruction of right ventricle outflow tract (RVOT) with BalMedic pulmonary valved conduit in multiple medical center.Methods Since January 2007,50 patients age (4.90 ± 7.63) years (range 6 month to 39 years),weight (16.20 ± 13.69) kg (range 4.50 to 65.0 kg),had been corrected by reconstruction of RVOT.There were 22 patients with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect (PA/VSD) ; 10 patients with corrected transposition of the great arteries and pulmonary stenosis (C-TGA/PS) ; 7 patients with truncus; 4 patients with double outlet of right ventricle and pulmonary stenosis (DORV/PS) ; 3 patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) ; 2 patients with complete transposition of the great arteries and pulmonary stenosis (TGA/PS) ; and each 1 with aortic stenosis (AS) and pulmonary stenosis (PS).Fifty BalMedic pulmonary valved conduits were implanted between pulmonary and RVOT underwent cardiopulmonary bypass.There were different diameter of pulmonary valved conduit included 10 mm to 24 mm depend on the patients weight and pulmonary size.All patients were followed up after operation on 1 month,3-6 months and more than 12 months.Results There was no death.Three patients were lost followed up after 12 months and one late death.There were no pulmonary valve stenosis about 91.1％,moderate pulmonary regurgitation 16.0％,no RVOT obstruction 95.6％,no main pulmonary artery stenosis 80.0％,and no right and left pulmonary artery stenosis 73.0％.Conclusion These results demonstrated that the BalMedic pulmonary valved conduit is reliable and effective in surgical procedure,but the long-term results should be followed up continually.