Objective:To develop and validate a novel PET tracer, N-cyclohexyl-4-((2, 4-dichlorophenyl)(4-(fluoro- 18F)phenyl)methyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide ( 18F-SQKJ-2), targeting cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptors for diagnosing psychiatric disorders associated with fear memory. Methods:18F-SQKJ-2 was prepared using a nucleophilic substitution radiochemical synthesis method. For the CB1 receptor blocking experiment, 7 ICR mice were divided into blocking group ( n=4; rimonabant for blocking treatment) and control group 1 ( n=3; no rimonabant blocking treatment). The affinity and specificity of 18F-SQKJ-2 for CB1 receptors were analyzed based on the differences in 18F-SQKJ-2 uptake (percentage injected dose per gram of tissue, %ID/g) by various organs between two groups. The metabolic stability of 18F-SQKJ-2 in vitro was studied using animal tissue homogenates. Ten C57 mice were used to establish fear memory mouse models (fear group, n=6; control group 2, n=4), and the percentage of freezing time was compared between 2 groups. MicroPET scans were used to detect the intracranial distribution of 18F-SQKJ-2, and the relative uptake in each brain region compared to total brain uptake was calculated. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the differences in CB1 receptor relative total brain uptake in fear-related brain regions between 2 groups. Independent-sample t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the data. Results:18F-SQKJ-2 was successfully synthesized with a radiochemical purity ≥98.0% and a corrected radioactive yield of (12.3±6.0)%( n=4). In vitro metabolic stability experiments showed that 18F-SQKJ-2 was basically stable in the liver, blood, and brain within 60min. The CB1 receptor blocking experiment demonstrated that the uptake of 18F-SQKJ-2 in the brains of mice in blocking group was significantly lower than that in control group 1 ((0.95±0.28) vs (3.44±1.16) %ID/g; t=-3.57, P=0.023). The percentage of freezing time in fear group was significantly higher than that in control group 2 (43.28%(39.46%, 52.93%) vs 2.74%(1.52%, 4.85%); Z=-2.45, P=0.010). 18F-SQKJ-2 microPET imaging showed that the uptake of 18F-SQKJ-2 in the cerebral cortex of mice in fear group was significantly increased compared with that in control group 2 ((5.83±0.47)% vs (5.00±0.52)%; t=2.42, P=0.046). Conclusion:18F-SQKJ-2 is successfully prepared with acceptable radiochemical purity and metabolic stability, demonstrating potential for visualizing and quantifying fear memory.

Objective:To develop and validate a novel PET tracer, N-cyclohexyl-4-((2, 4-dichlorophenyl)(4-(fluoro- 18F)phenyl)methyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide ( 18F-SQKJ-2), targeting cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptors for diagnosing psychiatric disorders associated with fear memory. Methods:18F-SQKJ-2 was prepared using a nucleophilic substitution radiochemical synthesis method. For the CB1 receptor blocking experiment, 7 ICR mice were divided into blocking group ( n=4; rimonabant for blocking treatment) and control group 1 ( n=3; no rimonabant blocking treatment). The affinity and specificity of 18F-SQKJ-2 for CB1 receptors were analyzed based on the differences in 18F-SQKJ-2 uptake (percentage injected dose per gram of tissue, %ID/g) by various organs between two groups. The metabolic stability of 18F-SQKJ-2 in vitro was studied using animal tissue homogenates. Ten C57 mice were used to establish fear memory mouse models (fear group, n=6; control group 2, n=4), and the percentage of freezing time was compared between 2 groups. MicroPET scans were used to detect the intracranial distribution of 18F-SQKJ-2, and the relative uptake in each brain region compared to total brain uptake was calculated. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the differences in CB1 receptor relative total brain uptake in fear-related brain regions between 2 groups. Independent-sample t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the data. Results:18F-SQKJ-2 was successfully synthesized with a radiochemical purity ≥98.0% and a corrected radioactive yield of (12.3±6.0)%( n=4). In vitro metabolic stability experiments showed that 18F-SQKJ-2 was basically stable in the liver, blood, and brain within 60min. The CB1 receptor blocking experiment demonstrated that the uptake of 18F-SQKJ-2 in the brains of mice in blocking group was significantly lower than that in control group 1 ((0.95±0.28) vs (3.44±1.16) %ID/g; t=-3.57, P=0.023). The percentage of freezing time in fear group was significantly higher than that in control group 2 (43.28%(39.46%, 52.93%) vs 2.74%(1.52%, 4.85%); Z=-2.45, P=0.010). 18F-SQKJ-2 microPET imaging showed that the uptake of 18F-SQKJ-2 in the cerebral cortex of mice in fear group was significantly increased compared with that in control group 2 ((5.83±0.47)% vs (5.00±0.52)%; t=2.42, P=0.046). Conclusion:18F-SQKJ-2 is successfully prepared with acceptable radiochemical purity and metabolic stability, demonstrating potential for visualizing and quantifying fear memory.

Objective To investigate the correlation of cerebral small vessel disease with retinal vascular network parameters using fully automatic retinal image analysis of fundus photographs. Methods A total of 121 patients undertak?ing fundus photography in a sitting position were included. They were divided into either a cerebral small vessel disease group (n=80) or an artery atherosclerotic cerebral infarction group (n=41) according to their cerebral MRI findings. The clinical data and retinal vascular network parameters were compared between the two groups. We used logistic regression to analyse risk factors of the small vessel disease. Results The percentage of males, the incidence of smoking and serum uric acid level in the small vessel disease group were lower than those in the artery atherosclerotic cerebral infarction group(P<0.05). The bifurcation coefficient and asymmetry index of venule in the small vessel disease group were lower than those in the artery atherosclerotic cerebral infarction group(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting vascular risk factors, decreased asymmetry index of venule was associated with cerebral small vessel disease (OR=1.16,95% CI:1.05-1.38,P<0.05). Conclusions The decreased asymmetry index of venule is associated with small vessel disease which can be used as an early diagnotic indicator.

Objective To explore the postgraduate tutor assessment system in order to provide suggestions to improve the quality of postgraduate education. Methods Assessment indexes of post-graduate tutor were screened and assigned by methods of questionnaire investigation, interview, kruskal wallis H-test, taking a total of 109 students and professors in medical colleges in the south-western part as research objects. Results Different populations had different cognitions on the important degree of each index, P<0.05. Primary indexes of assessment system were determined based on the importance of indicators and the influence of different cognitive levels, including tutor personal accom-plishment, teaching ability, scientific research quality and guiding ability (P<0.05). Conclusions Assessment system and method fined by this study covers majority aspects of tutors and can provide feasible suggestions for tutor evaluation.

This paper discussed on the innovative efforts of establishing production-teaching-research platform and multi-channel international cooperation model by Chongqing Medical University. Measures taken included offering theoretical courses across the first-level disciplines of medicine and engineering and encouraging research tasks that involve the cooperation among hospitals , businesses and universities, creating education environment for postgraduates combing medicine and engineering and launching the cultivation of biomedical engineering postgraduates. The aim of these measures was to incorporate the achievements of scientific research innovation into postgraduate education and to improve its quality.

Objective According to the lack of timeliness in the current domestic disease notification system,an effective solution is proposed to solve the problem.Methods Based on research and analysis of the health information exchange standards HL7 (Health Level 7),which is widely used in the world,a solution on the base of HL7 standards is proposed in this study,to store,transfer,analyze and publish data.Results The solution allows medical institutions and the centers for disease control connect seamlessly,ensuring the data transfer in time,and publishing the data through Web service.Conclusion The solution can keep the people abreast of the latest status of the epidemic,and do their own protection as well as promote social stability.

Objective To investigate the effects of total saponins of Panax ginseng(TSPG) combined with erythropoietin(EPO) or granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor(GM CSF) on the differentiation of K562 cells. Methods Cells were cultured in vitro . Morphologic changes of cells were observed with light microscope and electron microscope. The levels of hemoglobin, peroxidase, non specific lipase ? NAE in cells were detected respectively by benzidine staining, peroxidase(POX) staining and ? NAE cytochemical staining. Levels of cell surface differentiation antigens CD15, HIR2, EPO R and GM CSF R were determined by immunocytochemistry. Results TSPG combined with EPO or GM CSF resulted in more mature morphological features of K562, increased expressions of hemoglobin and myeolperoxidase in K562 cells, and enhanced expressions of cell surface differentiation antigens CD15, HIR2, EPO R and GM CSF R. Conclusion TSPG combined with cytokine EPO or GM CSF can induce more mature differentiation of K562 cells.

We analyzed the final test papers for Histology and Embryology among the seven-year program students from 2000 to 2004 in our university to evaluate the quality of the test paper and teaching effects so as to find the weaknesses and problems in teaching.The results showed that the test papers were reliable because of comprehensive test items,moderate difficulty and reasonable score distribution,and the score could image the level of students in truth.But the gap between good scores and bad scores is rather obvious,Teachers must help the students who have difficulties in learning Histology and Embryology and shorten the gap in the future.

Object To clarify the mechanism for total saponins of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. (TSPG) inducing K562 cells to apoptosis, and to provide the theoretical basis and the experimental evidence of TSPG's clinical application. Methods By using in vitro cell culture, morphometry, flow cytometry, morphological investigation and immunocytochemistry, the effects of TSPG on apoptosis in K562 cells were studied. Results The results indicated that TSPG could inhibit the proliferation of K562 cells significantly, and induce K562 cells to apoptosis. It was also showed in the experiments that after induced by TSPG, the ratio of positive K562 cells expressing C-MYC and BCL-2 is decreased. Conclusion The mechanism for TSPG to induce K562 cells to apoptosis may be related to the expression of oncogene in K562 cells.

Objective To investigate the isolation, purification and culture methods of human embryonic germ cells (EGCs) on feeder layer cells of human embryonic fibroblasts. Methods Primordial germ cells(PGCs) from the genital ridges of 6-11 weeks(post fertilization) human embryos were cultrued on feeder layer cells of human embryonic fibroblasts(HEFs) which were isolated from the 3-4 month embryos and routinely cultured for over 25 passages. The medium composed of growth factors and differentiation inhibitory factors. The cultures were analyzed with the expression of alkaline phosphatase, immunologic markers (SSEA-1,SSEA-4) and the transcription factor Oct-4 that have been used to routinely to characterize EGCS. Results A large-scale EG cells were obtained and meintained on feeder layers for over 8 passages. The cell surface marker showed that the EGCs possess high levels of AP activity. EGCs colonies stained strongly for SSEA-4,SSEA-1 and they expressed the transcription factor Oct-4.Conclusion EGCs have potential to maintain long term proliferation and undifferentiation state on human embryonic fibroblasts in vitro.;