Objective To investigate the heterogeneity between left-and right-sided colorectal cancer(CRC)in terms of clinical pathological features and gene expression,thereby providing a foundation for personalized treatment.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data,next-generation sequencing(NGS)results,and treatment plans of 186 CRC patients treated at the forth hospital affiliated of guangxi medical university from July 2020 to August 2023.Patients were categorized into left-sided CRC(n=134)and right-sided CRC(n=52)based on tumor location.Clinical and pathological characteristics were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 software,and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated to compare overall survival(OS)between groups using the Log-rank test.Additionally,this study compared the clinical and pathological features,NGS-based gene mutation profiles,and prognostic differences between left-and right-sided CRC patients.Results In the clinical and patho-logical characteristics,no significant differences were observed between left-and right-sided CRC patients regarding gender,distant metastasis,ECOG performance status,TNM stage,or levels of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9)(P>0.05).However,there were significant differences in age(P<0.05).In terms of gene mutation characteristics,the mutation frequencies of NRAS,BRAF,and APC genes did not differ significantly between left-and right-sided CRC patients(P>0.05).However,right-sided CRC patients exhibited significantly higher mutation frequencies of PIK3CA and SMAD4 genes,as well as a higher prevalence of microsat-ellite instability(MSI),compared to left-sided CRC patients(P<0.05).Conversely,left-sided CRC patients had significantly higher TP53 mutation frequencies than right-sided CRC patients(P<0.05).In prognostic analysis,af-ter a three-year follow-up,no significant difference in OS was observed between the two groups.Conclusions Significant disparities are observed in the clinical pathological features and gene expression profiles between left-and right-sided CRC.These findings indicate that distinct approaches should be adopted in clinical diagnosis and treatment to facilitate personalized and precise care.

Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is a complex disease that significantly impacts women's reproductive and metabolic health.The reprogramming of glucose metabolism points to fundamental changes in energy metabolism,which are central to the imbalance in energy metabolism,hormonal abnormalities,increasing insulin resistance,and chronic inflammatory states observed in PCOS.This represents a core pathological link in the pathogenesis of PCOS.The theory of"Spleen Qi to Dispersing Essence"provides a comprehensive overview of spleen function,essential for ensuring the normal operation of organs and the distribution of Qi,blood,and bodily fluids.It serves as a crucial theoretical support for the treatment of PCOS with traditional Chinese medicine.This article explores the role of regulating PCOS based on the theory of"Spleen Qi to Dispersing Essence"with a focus on the reprogramming of glucose metabolism.The mechanism of traditional Chinese medicinal treatments that assist Spleen Qi to Dispersing Essence is closely related to regulating glucose metabolism reprogramming,offering a novel research direction for the treatment of PCOS with TCM.

Objective To investigate the heterogeneity between left-and right-sided colorectal cancer(CRC)in terms of clinical pathological features and gene expression,thereby providing a foundation for personalized treatment.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data,next-generation sequencing(NGS)results,and treatment plans of 186 CRC patients treated at the forth hospital affiliated of guangxi medical university from July 2020 to August 2023.Patients were categorized into left-sided CRC(n=134)and right-sided CRC(n=52)based on tumor location.Clinical and pathological characteristics were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 software,and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated to compare overall survival(OS)between groups using the Log-rank test.Additionally,this study compared the clinical and pathological features,NGS-based gene mutation profiles,and prognostic differences between left-and right-sided CRC patients.Results In the clinical and patho-logical characteristics,no significant differences were observed between left-and right-sided CRC patients regarding gender,distant metastasis,ECOG performance status,TNM stage,or levels of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9)(P>0.05).However,there were significant differences in age(P<0.05).In terms of gene mutation characteristics,the mutation frequencies of NRAS,BRAF,and APC genes did not differ significantly between left-and right-sided CRC patients(P>0.05).However,right-sided CRC patients exhibited significantly higher mutation frequencies of PIK3CA and SMAD4 genes,as well as a higher prevalence of microsat-ellite instability(MSI),compared to left-sided CRC patients(P<0.05).Conversely,left-sided CRC patients had significantly higher TP53 mutation frequencies than right-sided CRC patients(P<0.05).In prognostic analysis,af-ter a three-year follow-up,no significant difference in OS was observed between the two groups.Conclusions Significant disparities are observed in the clinical pathological features and gene expression profiles between left-and right-sided CRC.These findings indicate that distinct approaches should be adopted in clinical diagnosis and treatment to facilitate personalized and precise care.

Objective To give references for future study,the current state of research and identify key areas of interest,and development trends in the field of Chinese Materia Medica interventions for PD were examined.Methods Literature on Chinese Materia Medica treatment of PD published between 2004 and 2024 was retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Web of Science(WOS)databases.After screening,689 articles were included(412 in Chinese,277 in English).CiteSpace software was used for bibliometric and knowledge graph analysis,generating author collaboration networks,institutional collaboration networks,keyword clustering,timeline maps,and keyword burst analysis.Results Over the past two decades,the number of publications has continued to grow globally.Chinese-language studies focused primarily on clinical research,with core authors such as Yi Liu,Jiancheng He,and Jianfen Liang,and institutions like Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine making significant contributions.English-language literature emphasized mechanistic studies,with Kyung Hee University and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine as leading research teams.High-frequency keywords included"Parkinson's disease"(346 occurrences),"traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)"(60 occurrences),and"oxidative stress"(11 occurrences).Keyword clustering revealed research hotspots in TCM formulas(e.g.,Zhichan decoction),mechanisms(e.g.,oxidative stress),and integrated TCM-Western medicine therapies(e.g.,Madopar).Burst analysis indicated emerging frontiers in the gut-brain axis,iron metabolism,molecular docking,gut microbiota,and signaling pathways.Conclusions Although there is a lot of potential for treating PD in TCM,there are also a lot of challenges.In order to realize the transformation of TCM from a supportive to a mainstream treatment for PD,and to bring better efficacy to patients in the future,it is necessary to strengthen evidence-based research,deepen the research of mechanisms,promote the construction of standards,explore the integration of Chinese and Western medicine,and improve the evaluation system.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of potassium channel Kv1.3knockout(Kv1.3 KO)on neurological dysfunction and neuroinflammation in C57BL/6 mice following traumatic brain injury(TBI).METHODS C57BL/6 mice and homozygous Kv1.3 KO C57BL/6 mice were subjected to the classic controlled cortical impact model to establish a TBI model.The experimental groups included the sham surgery group,C57BL/6 TBI model group(TBI group),and a Kv1.3 KO C57BL/6 TBI model group(TBI+Kv1.3 KO group).At 1,2,and 3 weeks post-modeling,real-time quantitative PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of Kv1.3,interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-6,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and IL-10 in hippocampal tissues.At 1 and 3 weeks post-modeling,Western blotting was performed to detect Kv1.3 protein expressions in the hippocampus.At 3 weeks post-modeling,Western blotting was used to assess the protein levels of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-10 in hippocampal tissues.Additionally,immunofluorescence was employed to quantify cells co-labeled with the microglial marker ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1(IBA1)and Kv1.3,IL-1β,or TNF-α in the hippocampus.Patch-clamp recordings were conducted to measure Kv1.3 channel currents in primary microglia at 3 weeks post-modeling.Neurological function was evaluated at 1 and 3 weeks post-modeling using the neurological severity score(NSS),pole climbing,and rotarod tests.Cognitive function was assessed at 3 weeks post-modeling via open field,Morris water maze,and Y-maze tests.RESULTS Compared with the sham group,the TBI group exhibited significantly elevated mRNA expression levels of Kv1.3 and IL-1β in the hippocampus at 1,2 and 3 weeks post-modeling,while IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA levels showed no significant changes.Notably,TNF-α mRNA expressions demonstrated a significant increase only at 2 and 3 weeks post-modeling.At 1 and 3 weeks post-modeling,Kv1.3 protein expres-sions in the hippocampus were significantly higher in the TBI group.At 3 weeks post-modeling,hippo-campal IL-1β and TNF-α protein levels were markedly increased in the TBI group,whereas IL-6 and IL-10 protein levels did not change significantly.Moreover,Kv1.3 current density in primary microglia was signifi-cantly enhanced in the TBI group at 3 weeks post-modeling.Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that the number of IBA1-positive microglia co-labeled with Kv1.3,IL-1β,or TNF-α in the hippocampus was significantly larger in the TBI group than in the sham group at 3 weeks post-modeling.Behaviorally,the TBI group exhibited significantly higher NSS scores,lower success rates in full turn attempts,and longer times taken to descend the pole at 1 and 3 weeks post-modeling compared with the sham group.At 3 weeks post-modeling,TBI mice also demonstrated reduced total movement distance in the open field,decreased time spent in the central zone,fewer platform crossings,less time in the target quadrant,and lower spontaneous alternation rates.In contrast,the TBI+Kv1.3 KO group showed signifi-cantly improved outcomes compared with the TBI group:lower NSS scores,higher success rates in full turns,and shorter time taken to descend the pole at 1 and 3 weeks post-modeling.At 3 weeks post-modeling,the TBI+Kv1.3 KO group displayed longer rotarod endurance,increased total movement dis-tance in the open field,more time spent in the central zone,higher platform crossings,greater target quadrant exploration time,and improved spontaneous alternation rates.Furthermore,at 1 and 3 weeks post-modeling,the TBI+Kv1.3 KO group exhibited significantly reduced mRNA expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α in the hippocampus compared with the TBI group.CONCLU-SION Potassium channel Kv1.3 knockout mitigates neurological dysfunction and neuroinflammation in C57BL/6 mice following TBI.

Objective To give references for future study,the current state of research and identify key areas of interest,and development trends in the field of Chinese Materia Medica interventions for PD were examined.Methods Literature on Chinese Materia Medica treatment of PD published between 2004 and 2024 was retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Web of Science(WOS)databases.After screening,689 articles were included(412 in Chinese,277 in English).CiteSpace software was used for bibliometric and knowledge graph analysis,generating author collaboration networks,institutional collaboration networks,keyword clustering,timeline maps,and keyword burst analysis.Results Over the past two decades,the number of publications has continued to grow globally.Chinese-language studies focused primarily on clinical research,with core authors such as Yi Liu,Jiancheng He,and Jianfen Liang,and institutions like Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine making significant contributions.English-language literature emphasized mechanistic studies,with Kyung Hee University and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine as leading research teams.High-frequency keywords included"Parkinson's disease"(346 occurrences),"traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)"(60 occurrences),and"oxidative stress"(11 occurrences).Keyword clustering revealed research hotspots in TCM formulas(e.g.,Zhichan decoction),mechanisms(e.g.,oxidative stress),and integrated TCM-Western medicine therapies(e.g.,Madopar).Burst analysis indicated emerging frontiers in the gut-brain axis,iron metabolism,molecular docking,gut microbiota,and signaling pathways.Conclusions Although there is a lot of potential for treating PD in TCM,there are also a lot of challenges.In order to realize the transformation of TCM from a supportive to a mainstream treatment for PD,and to bring better efficacy to patients in the future,it is necessary to strengthen evidence-based research,deepen the research of mechanisms,promote the construction of standards,explore the integration of Chinese and Western medicine,and improve the evaluation system.

Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of Dendrobium nobile Lindl alkaloids(DNLA)on the proliferation,migration,and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)of HLEB3 cells induced by TGF-β2.Methods HLEB3 cells were cultivated in vitro and classified into the control group(DZ),the model group(TGF-β2),and the treatment group(TGF-β2+DNLA).TGF-β2 induced the EMT process of HLEB3 cells.Changes in cell morphology were observed through an inverted microscope.Cell proliferation,apoptosis,and migration were detected by CCK-8 assay,scratch test,and Transwell assay.The total RNAs of the samples were extracted for transcriptome analysis.Bioinformatics processing was employed to obtain relevant information on gene expression differences at the transcriptional level,biological processes,and related signaling pathways.The Western blot(WB)technique was utilized to detect EMT-related proteins to elucidate the mechanism of action of DNLA on lens epithelial cells.Results The study revealed that 10 μg/ml DNLA was suitable for the growth of HLEB3 cells.After 48 hours of the scratch test,the migration rate of the TGF-β2+DNLA group significantly decreased(P<0.01).The Transwell results indicated that the cell migration ability of the TGF-β2+DNLA group was notably weakened(P<0.05).Through bioinformatics,it was discovered that the prevention and treatment of posterior capsular opacification(PCO)by DNLA might be associated with cell junctions,cytoskeleton construction,and fibronectin binding.The pathogenesis of PCO may be related to multiple signaling pathways,including the TGF-β signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway,and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.Simultaneously,DNLA could reduce the expression levels of FNI,Smad2/3,and α-SMA proteins and increase the expression of E-cadherin protein.This indicates that DNLA can alleviate abnormal proliferation,migration,and EMT of lens epithelial cells by enhancing intercellular adhesion junctions and weakening cell migration ability,thereby playing a role in preventing and treating posterior capsular opacification.Conclusions DNLA can significantly inhibit the abnormal proliferation and migration of HLEB3 cells,alleviate the EMT process induced by TGF-β2,and prevent and control the occurrence of posterior capsular opacification and other ocular diseases.The mechanism of action might be related to the intervention of the TGF-β/smad signaling pathway and fibrosis proteins such as ZO-1 and E-cadherin.

Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is a complex disease that significantly impacts women's reproductive and metabolic health.The reprogramming of glucose metabolism points to fundamental changes in energy metabolism,which are central to the imbalance in energy metabolism,hormonal abnormalities,increasing insulin resistance,and chronic inflammatory states observed in PCOS.This represents a core pathological link in the pathogenesis of PCOS.The theory of"Spleen Qi to Dispersing Essence"provides a comprehensive overview of spleen function,essential for ensuring the normal operation of organs and the distribution of Qi,blood,and bodily fluids.It serves as a crucial theoretical support for the treatment of PCOS with traditional Chinese medicine.This article explores the role of regulating PCOS based on the theory of"Spleen Qi to Dispersing Essence"with a focus on the reprogramming of glucose metabolism.The mechanism of traditional Chinese medicinal treatments that assist Spleen Qi to Dispersing Essence is closely related to regulating glucose metabolism reprogramming,offering a novel research direction for the treatment of PCOS with TCM.

Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of Dendrobium nobile Lindl alkaloids(DNLA)on the proliferation,migration,and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)of HLEB3 cells induced by TGF-β2.Methods HLEB3 cells were cultivated in vitro and classified into the control group(DZ),the model group(TGF-β2),and the treatment group(TGF-β2+DNLA).TGF-β2 induced the EMT process of HLEB3 cells.Changes in cell morphology were observed through an inverted microscope.Cell proliferation,apoptosis,and migration were detected by CCK-8 assay,scratch test,and Transwell assay.The total RNAs of the samples were extracted for transcriptome analysis.Bioinformatics processing was employed to obtain relevant information on gene expression differences at the transcriptional level,biological processes,and related signaling pathways.The Western blot(WB)technique was utilized to detect EMT-related proteins to elucidate the mechanism of action of DNLA on lens epithelial cells.Results The study revealed that 10 μg/ml DNLA was suitable for the growth of HLEB3 cells.After 48 hours of the scratch test,the migration rate of the TGF-β2+DNLA group significantly decreased(P<0.01).The Transwell results indicated that the cell migration ability of the TGF-β2+DNLA group was notably weakened(P<0.05).Through bioinformatics,it was discovered that the prevention and treatment of posterior capsular opacification(PCO)by DNLA might be associated with cell junctions,cytoskeleton construction,and fibronectin binding.The pathogenesis of PCO may be related to multiple signaling pathways,including the TGF-β signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway,and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.Simultaneously,DNLA could reduce the expression levels of FNI,Smad2/3,and α-SMA proteins and increase the expression of E-cadherin protein.This indicates that DNLA can alleviate abnormal proliferation,migration,and EMT of lens epithelial cells by enhancing intercellular adhesion junctions and weakening cell migration ability,thereby playing a role in preventing and treating posterior capsular opacification.Conclusions DNLA can significantly inhibit the abnormal proliferation and migration of HLEB3 cells,alleviate the EMT process induced by TGF-β2,and prevent and control the occurrence of posterior capsular opacification and other ocular diseases.The mechanism of action might be related to the intervention of the TGF-β/smad signaling pathway and fibrosis proteins such as ZO-1 and E-cadherin.

Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignant tumors in China. Given their lack of obviously early symptoms, more than half of patients with cervical cancer are diagnosed in the middle and late stages of this malignancy, resulting in poor prognosis. Finding new therapeutic targets is the current research direction. Metabolomics, as a new omics technology, is expected to provide new targets for tumor precision diagnosis and treatment through the analysis of the changes and potential mechanisms of metabolites in tumor occurrence and development by chromatography, mass spectrometry, and other technologies. Herein, we review the research methods of metabolomics; metabolic characteristics of cervical cancer; and progress of the research on metabolomics in cervical cancer diagnosis, curative effect prediction, and prognosis evaluation to provide new ideas for the precise diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer.