With the development of industrial robot technology, robotics has entered the medical field, and the research and development of new robots for many medical applications have become a significant research direction in global robotics. Robots are widely used in various aspects of dentistry, such as prosthodontics, orthodontics, implants, endodontics, and oral surgery. This article mainly introduces the application of robots in stomatology from the above five aspects.
Dental Care ; Humans ; Oral Medicine ; Orthodontics ; Robotics ; Surgery, Oral

Recently, the hepatotoxicity issue regarding to Psoraleae Fructus (PF) has attracted remarkable concerns, which highlights the urgent need to explore the toxicity attenuation method for PF. In this study, we proposed an alcohol soaking and water rinsing method for pre-processing PF based on the record in the classics - "Lei Gong Pao Zhi Lun", aiming to attenuate the potential hepatotoxicity of PF. The optimal pre-processing methods and parameters were investigated by U*12(10⁸) uniform design coupled with 3D-cultured human-derived liver organoids model and high-content imaging. The results showed that there were significant variations among the hepatotoxicity intensities of different pre-processed PF products. Four factors, including the concentration of alcohol, the ratio of material and alcohol in alcohol soaking, the time of alcohol soaking and the times of water rinsing, were found as independent significant factors (all P<0.01). The optimal pre-process parameters were further predicted and verified as follows: the alcohol concentration is 80%, the times of alcohol soaking is 3, the ratio of alcohol and material of alcohol soaking is 3, the time for alcohol soaking is 30 h, the ratio of water and material of water rinsing is 2, the times of water rinsing is 3, the time water rinsing is 12 h and the time of steaming is 5 h. This research demonstrated that the alcohol soaking and water rinsing method can effectively reduce the potential hepatotoxicity of PF. This method provides a reference for reducing the risk of PF liver injury from the perspective of Chinese medicinal materials pre-processing.

Objective To analyze the differences in the expression levels of the lncRNA MALAT1, NEAT, NEAT2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from tuberculosis patients and healthy controls. Methods We detected the lncRNA expression levels in PBMC from 79 tuberculosis patients and 82 healthy controls by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and analyzed the correlation between lncRNA expression levels and some clinical features and laboratory indicators in tuberculosis patients. Results The expression levels of MALAT1, NEAT1 in PBMC of tuberculosis patients were significantly higher than healthy controls (Z=-4.386, P<0.001; Z=-10.175, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the expression of NEAT2 between tuberculosis patients and healthy controls (Z=-0.203，P=0.839). The correlation results of lncRNA levels and some clinical features, laboratory indicators in tuberculosis patients suggested that the NEAT2 level in PBMC of newly treated tuberculosis patients was higher than recurrent tuberculosis patients, while the NEAT2 level in PBMC of sputum smear positive tuberculosis patients was lower than that of sputum smear negative tuberculosis patients (all P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between MALAT1 level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (rs=-0.256, P=0.034). Conclusion MALAT1 and NEAT1 are abnormally expressed in PBMC of tuberculosis patients, and may be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of Rivaroxaban for elderly patients with thrombotic diseases. Methods: This was a retrospective study.A total of 301 elderly patients taking Rivaroxaban from October 2012 to November 2017 at the Second Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital were consecutively selected.The ages ranged from 60 to 102 years, with an average age of(86.5±8.4)years.Anticoagulation regimens were developed based on comprehensive evaluation of indications, creatinine clearance, ischemia and bleeding risk.Patients were divided into a Rivaroxaban 2.5-5.0 mg/d group(n=72), a 10.0 mg/d group(n=205), and a 15.0-20.0 mg/d group(n=24). Hepatic function, renal function, and coagulation indexes were measured before and after the administration of Rivaroxaban.Fatal bleeding, cardiovascular deaths, all-cause deaths, non-fatal bleeding and thromboembolic events were recorded during the follow-up period. Results: The average dose of Rivaroxaban was(9.3±3.0)mg/d, and the minimum dose was 2.5 mg/d.The average follow-up time was(14.9± 13.9)months and the longest follow-up time was 48 months.One patient had intracranial bleeding.Twenty patients(6.6%)died with a cumulative incidence of 25.2%, three(1.0%)died of cardiac events, and 55.0% died of pneumonia and multiple organ failure.Forty patients(13.3%)had non-fatal hemorrhagic events with a cumulative incidence of 42.4%.Seven patients(2.3%)had thromboembolic events with a cumulative incidence of 16.0%, including 2 cases of non-fatal myocardial infarction, 3 cases of cerebral infarction and 2 cases of deep vein thrombosis.After treatment, levels of prothrombin time and fibrinogen significantly increased while levels of D-dimer significantly deceased(P<0.05). Conclusions Compared with previous reports, low-dose Rivaroxaban is safe and effective for elderly patients with thrombotic diseases.However, the risk of bleeding and ischemia should be comprehensively evaluated, and appropriate doses of Rivaroxaban should be selected individually.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the survival trends and patterns of failure in patients with stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy over the last 20 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight hundred and eight patients diagnosed with stage II NPC between January 1990 and December 2012 were involved in this retrospective cohort study. All patients were treated with RT. According to the main imaging techniques and RT technology, we categorized these patients into four calendar periods: 1990-1996, 1997-2002, 2003-2007, and 2008-2012. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), locoregional relapse-free survival (LRFS), and distant metastasis–free survival (DMFS) were served as the clinical outcome. RESULTS: After a median follow-up period of 84.7 months, we observed increasing trends in survival and disease control. The 3- and 5-year OS rates increased from 87.1% and 78.7% in the first calendar period to 97.4% and 94.5% in the last calendar period, respectively (p<0.001). Additionally, significant increasing trends could be seen in the PFS and LRFS during the four calendar periods. In the subgroup analysis, the LRFS in patients older than 50 years at diagnosis showed greater improvement than younger patients. However, the rate of distant metastasis was stable and relatively low, as the 5-year DMFS ranged from 90.5% to 94.7% among the four calendar periods. CONCLUSION: The survival rates in patients with stage II NPC showed increasing trends from 1990 to 2012. The advance of RT provided excellent locoregional control and enhanced OS.
Cohort Studies ; Diagnosis ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Radiotherapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of CD19B cells in immune thrombocytopenia patients, and to analyze the involvement of serum Breg in the pathogenesis of ITP. METHODS: A total of 68 ITP patients admitted in department of hematology in our hospital from August 2015 to August 2018 were selected and enrolled in ITP group. 30 healthy individuals who were admitted to physical examination center at the same time were selected and enrolled in control group. The expression of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets CD19 and peripheral blood Breg cells were measured by flow cytometry. The difference between the ITP group and the control group was compared. The IL-10 mRNA and TGF-β1 mRNA levels were detected by RT-PCR. Correlations between the ratio of peripheral blood Breg cells and the expression of IL-10 mRNA and TGF-β1 mRNA in patients with immune thrombocytopenia, were analyzed. RESULTS: Expression of CD19 in ITP group was significantly higher than that in control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. Expression level of serum Breg cells in ITP group was lower than that in control group. IL-10 mRNA level in ITP group was significantly lower than that in control group. IL-10 mRNA level after treatment was significantly higher than that before treatment. In addition, TGF-β1 mRNA level in newly diagnosed ITP group was significantly higher than that in control group. After treatment, the TGF-β1 mRNA level was higher than that before treatment. The ratio of peripheral blood Breg cells positively correlated with IL-10 mRNA expression (r=0.968, P＜0.05), however, there was no correlation between peripheral blood Breg cell ratio and TGF-β1 mRNA expression (r=0.502, P＞0.05). CONCLUSION Expression of CD19 cells in ITP patients is increased. Breg cells may participate in the genesis of immune thrombocytopenia. The abnormal expression of Breg cells relates with the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia.
Antigens, CD19 ; B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; Cell Count ; Humans ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic

The aim of this paper was to discuss the protective effect and mechanism of Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharides( ASPs) on immunological liver injury caused by conanavalin A( Con A). BALB/c mice were randomly divided into seven groups: control group,model group( Con A),low-,medium-,and high-dose( 36. 25,72. 5,145 mg·kg~(-1)) ASPs groups,bifendate( 200 mg·kg~(-1),positive drug) group and pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate( PDTC,NF-κB inhibitor,200 mg·kg~(-1)) group. ASPs groups and bifendate group were given with corresponding drugs by ig administration once daily for 7 d. Control group,model group and PDTC group were given with normal saline by ig administration once daily for 7 d. After the last ig administration,PDTC was given in DTC group by iv administration( 200 mg·kg~(-1)); 0. 5 h after that,Con A( 20 mg·kg~(-1)) was injected via the tail vein to induce immunological liver injury in all the mice except normal control group. The mice were killed 8 h later and their liver tissues were collected for histopathological examination. The contents of nitric oxide( NO),superoxide dismutase( SOD),malondialdehyde( MDA),reduced glutathione( GSHPX),interleukin( IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor( TNF-α) in liver tissues were detected by kit assay. Western blot method was used to detect TNF-α,intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1( ICAM-1),inducible nitric oxide synthase( i NOS) and nuclear factor( NF-κB) protein expression in liver tissues. As compared with model group,ASPs not only could reduce the activity of MDA,NO,IL-1β and TNF-α,but also increase the content of GSH-PX and SOD; at the same time,the protein expression levels of TNF-α,ICAM-1,i NOS and NF-κB were reduced in liver tissues; in addition,inflammatory cell infiltration was alleviated,hepatocyte cytoplasm was loose and swollen,and nuclear condensation and staining were improved. ASPs has a protective effect on immunological liver injury,and the mechanism may be associated with regulating secretion of inflammatory cytokines and the expression of adhesion factor through NF-κB signaling pathway.
Animals ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; drug therapy ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Eleutherococcus ; chemistry ; Liver ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Peptides, Cyclic ; Polysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Signal Transduction

Cytochrome P450 family is a kind of biocatalyst widely existing in nature. It has many functions such as catalyzing the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites and regulating phytoremediation. Based on the analysis of proteome data of Tripterygium wilfordii,the CYP450 gene of T. wilfordii was preliminarily analyzed and predicted by various bioinformatics methods. The results showed that after the expression of T. wilfordii suspension cells was induced by methyl jasmonate,the proteomic data of T. wilfordii were obtained and analyzed,and 10 CYP450 proteins of T. wilfordii were finally screened out. By analyzing the phylogenetic tree constructed with CYP450 gene of Arabidopsis family,the 10 CYP450 proteins were clustered into 6 different CYP450 families. The physical and chemical properties of CYP450 proteins in different families were different. The secondary structure of CYP450 proteins was mainly composed of irregular curls. Eight subcellular localization results of CYP450 proteins were chloroplasts and the rest were plastids. Subsequently,the conserved domains( heme active sites) shared by CYP450 genes were found by analyzing the results of multiple sequence alignment. Finally,by analyzing the transcriptome data of T. wilfordii,the expression distribution of T. wilfordii in different tissues was preliminarily confirmed,which verified its correlation with the biosynthesis of active components of T. wilfordii,and provided important genetic resources for the analysis of biosynthesis pathway of active components of T. wilfordii.
Computational Biology ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; chemistry ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; chemistry ; Proteomics ; Tissue Distribution ; Tripterygium ; enzymology

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effects of total arthroscopic internal drainage and arthroscopic combined with posterior small incision in the treatment of popliteal cyst. METHODS: From January 2015 to January 2017, 60 patients with popliteal cyst were treated, including 29 males and 31 females, aged 30 to 65(47.8±2.5) years old, with a course of disease (8.5±4.2) months. Among them, 30 cases received total arthroscopic internal drainage for popliteal fossa cyst(total arthroscopic group), 30 cases received arthroscopic combined with posterior small incision for popliteal fossa cyst(arthroscopic combined with small incision group). The operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, incision length, Rauschning and Lindgren grade 0 recovery rate and Lysholm score were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients in total arthroscopy group were followed up, and 28 patients in arthroscopy combined with small incision group were followed up for 8 to 20(12.8±2.1) months. Operation time: total arthroscopic group(45.32±5.71) min, arthroscopic combined small incision group (44.56±3.85) min; Rauschning and Lindgren grade 0 recovery: 23 cases in total arthroscopic group, 22 cases in arthroscopic combined small incision group; postoperative Lysholm score: total arthroscopic group 84.5±11.2, arthroscopic combined small incision group 83.2±12.7; there was no significant difference between the two groups(>0.05). Intraoperative bleeding volume: total arthroscopic group(5.32±1.25) ml, arthroscopic combined small incision group(20.75±8.18) ml; incision length: total arthroscopic group (1.51±0.34) cm, arthroscopic combined small incision group (7.34±0.75) cm; the difference between the two groups was significant(<0.05). At the last follow-up, the knee joint was examined by magnetic resonance imaging, and no recurrence of cyst was found. CONCLUSIONS Total arthroscopic internal drainage and arthroscopic combined with posterior small incision technique for popliteal fossa cyst with intra-articular lesions have the same clinical effect, but less trauma and faster recovery.
Adult ; Aged ; Arthroscopy ; Drainage ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Popliteal Cyst ; Treatment Outcome