Atractylodes lancea is a perennial herbaceous plant of Asteraceae, with rhizomes for medical use. However, A. lancea plants from different habitats have great variability, and the germplasm resources of A. lancea are unclear and mixed during production. Therefore, it is urgent to protect new varieties of A. lancea. The distinctness, uniformity, and stability(DUS) testing of new plant varieties is the foundation of plant variety protection, and the DUS testing guidelines are the technical basis for variety approval agencies to conduct DUS testing. In this study, the phenotypic traits of 94 germplasm accessions of A. lancea were investigated considering the breeding and variety characteristics of A. lancea in China. The traits were classified and described, and 24 traits were preliminarily determined, including 20 basic traits that must be tested and four traits selected to be tested. The 20 basic traits included 3 quality traits, 5 false quality traits, and 12 quantitative traits, corresponding to 1 plant traits, 2 stem traits, 8 leaf traits, 6 flower traits, and 3 seed traits. The measurement ranges and coefficients of variation of eight quantitative traits were determined, on the basis of which the grading criteria and codes of the traits were determined and assigned. The guidelines has guiding significance for the trait evaluation, utilization, and breeding of new varieties of A. lancea.
Atractylodes/growth & development* ; China ; Phenotype ; Guidelines as Topic ; Plant Breeding

Objective: To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of an intelligent blood transfusion system in intraoperative blood management by comparing its performance with clinicians' decisions. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 26 760 surgical cases (2017-2024) was conducted, comparing pre- and post-implementation (2017-2019 vs 2020-2024) metrics, including transfusion prediction accuracy, rationality of blood use, and clinical outcomes. The system, powered by XGBoost, integrated patient demographics, laboratory results, and surgical data to predict red blood cell transfusion needs. Results: The intelligent blood transfusion systems achieved an accuracy of 80.62% in predicting transfusion necessity, significantly outperforming clinicians (24.83%, P<0.001). Its blood-use rationality rate was 83.92% vs 18.02% for clinicians (P<0.001). Post-implementation, major surgeries (grades Ⅲ-Ⅳ) increased while the requested blood units decreased. High physician compliance (>75%) correlated with 88.18% rationality. Conclusion: The intelligent blood transfusion system significantly improves the accuracy of transfusion decision-making, reduces excessive red blood cell use, optimizes perioperative transfusion management, and enhances the utilization of blood medical resources.

Background: Epimedii Folium is well known for its medicinal value. Four Epimedium species—Euphorbia brevicornu, E. sagittatum, E. pubescens, and E. koreanum—are the designated original plants of Epimedii Folium. Objective: The objective of this study is to facilitate the identification of the four Epimedium species and clarify their distributional responses to climate change. Methods: In this study, we assessed the genetic divergence of the four species and identified the molecular markers for species identification by using chloroplast genome sequences. Furthermore, we forecasted the distribution of potentially suitable regions of the four species Folium under climate change. Results: The authors obtained 26 chloroplast genome sequences of the four species and identified 1393 variable sites and 273 indel events. Genetic divergence analyses revealed that E. koreanum had long genetic distance from the other three species. Compared with the complete chloroplast genome, six hypervariable markers were discovered, and both rps4-trnL and ndhF were chosen as Epimedii Folium-specific DNA barcodes. Climate change is expected to influence the geographical distribution of the four Epimedium species, which were primarily found in China, South Korea, and Japan, leading to both expansion and contraction of their distribution ranges. Conclusion: Two identification markers were selected as the specific DNA barcodes for all four original plant species of Epimedii Folium. In addition, the shift of potential suitable area in various climate scenarios has been predicted. With the support of identification markers and the dynamics of suitable distribution areas, we are able to establish a foundation for the sustainable utilization of medicinal Epimedium resources in the future.

Objective:To investigate the molecular epidemiological characteristics of norovirus (NoV) among infectious diarrhea patients in Linyi from 2021 to 2023, and provide the scientific evidence for norovirus control and prevention.Methods:The epidemiological information and fecal samples of patients with infectious diarrhea in Linyi from 2021 to 2023 were collected and detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The RdRp and capsid gene VP1 region of norovirus-positive specimens were amplified and sequenced used to analyze their genotype, phylogeny and homology.Results:Among the 2 311specimens, 123 (5.32%) were positive of NoV, with GI/GII group infection accounted for 17.07% (21/123) and 77.24% (95/123), respectively, GI/GII group mixed infection accounted for 5.69% (7/123). The detection rate of <1 year age group was the highest (8.86%), followed by the 1-3 years group (7.11%, 30/422) and the over 60 years group (5.29%, 23/123). The highest NoV detection rate was 7.96% (45/565) in the urban area, and the most abundant genotypes were found in the northern mountainous area. Sequence analysis showed that 61 identified NoV strains could be divided into 12 genotypes, with 4 NoV GI and 8 NoV GII. The dominant genotype differed during the 3 years, with GII.4 Sydney [P16] in 2021, GII.4 Sydney [P31] in 2022, and GII.2[P16] in 2023.Conclusions:NoV GII group was the main NoV infection in Linyi from 2021-2023 and genotypes were diverse. Children under 3 years of age and elderly people over 60 years old as susceptible groups should be given special protection. In addition, the monitoring of NoV genotype diversification should be strengthened in northern mountainous areas.

Objective:This study aimed to summarize and analyze the preliminary application experience of a novel pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) device in patients with peritoneal metastases of gastrointestinal malignancies.Methods:In this descriptive case series study, four patients with pathologically confirmed peritoneal metastatic gastrointestinal malignancies were enrolled, receiving PIPAC treatment at Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from December 2024 to February 2025. The PIPAC treatment was performed five times on these patients . Key procedural steps included equipment preparation, operation platform construction, cytologic examination of ascites, Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI) scoring, biopsy of peritoneal metastases, drug preparation, connection and testing of the PIPAC device, PIPAC treatment, and aerosol evacuation. Preoperative and postoperative clinical data were collected and analyzed to assess the safety and feasibility of PIPAC treatment.Results:3 males and 1 female patients were enrolled; median age was 57 (range, 36-70) years old; median body mass index was 22.5 (range, 18.0-24.6) kg/m2, and the preoperative Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score was 1 for all cases. Four patients successfully completed the five PIPAC treatments without any intraoperative adverse events. The PIPAC treatment time ranged from 34 minutes to 36 minutes, with a median preoperative PCI score of 18 (range, 5-25). The average Peritoneal Regression Grading Score (PRGS) before the first and second PIPAC treatments were 2.1±0.8 and 1.7±0.6, respectively. The median Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores for pain on postoperative days 1, 2, and 3 were 2 (range, 2-4), 1 (range, 0-2), and 1 (range, 0-2), respectively. All patients resumed the oral intake and ambulation on the first postoperative day, with a postoperative hospital stay of 3 days. No postoperative complications or perioperative death occurred.Conclusion:The preliminary study results indicate that the use of the novel PIPAC device for the treatment of peritoneal metastases of gastrointestinal malignant tumors is safe and feasible.

Objective:This study aimed to summarize and analyze the preliminary application experience of a novel pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) device in patients with peritoneal metastases of gastrointestinal malignancies.Methods:In this descriptive case series study, four patients with pathologically confirmed peritoneal metastatic gastrointestinal malignancies were enrolled, receiving PIPAC treatment at Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from December 2024 to February 2025. The PIPAC treatment was performed five times on these patients . Key procedural steps included equipment preparation, operation platform construction, cytologic examination of ascites, Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI) scoring, biopsy of peritoneal metastases, drug preparation, connection and testing of the PIPAC device, PIPAC treatment, and aerosol evacuation. Preoperative and postoperative clinical data were collected and analyzed to assess the safety and feasibility of PIPAC treatment.Results:3 males and 1 female patients were enrolled; median age was 57 (range, 36-70) years old; median body mass index was 22.5 (range, 18.0-24.6) kg/m2, and the preoperative Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score was 1 for all cases. Four patients successfully completed the five PIPAC treatments without any intraoperative adverse events. The PIPAC treatment time ranged from 34 minutes to 36 minutes, with a median preoperative PCI score of 18 (range, 5-25). The average Peritoneal Regression Grading Score (PRGS) before the first and second PIPAC treatments were 2.1±0.8 and 1.7±0.6, respectively. The median Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores for pain on postoperative days 1, 2, and 3 were 2 (range, 2-4), 1 (range, 0-2), and 1 (range, 0-2), respectively. All patients resumed the oral intake and ambulation on the first postoperative day, with a postoperative hospital stay of 3 days. No postoperative complications or perioperative death occurred.Conclusion:The preliminary study results indicate that the use of the novel PIPAC device for the treatment of peritoneal metastases of gastrointestinal malignant tumors is safe and feasible.

Objective:To investigate the molecular epidemiological characteristics of norovirus (NoV) among infectious diarrhea patients in Linyi from 2021 to 2023, and provide the scientific evidence for norovirus control and prevention.Methods:The epidemiological information and fecal samples of patients with infectious diarrhea in Linyi from 2021 to 2023 were collected and detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The RdRp and capsid gene VP1 region of norovirus-positive specimens were amplified and sequenced used to analyze their genotype, phylogeny and homology.Results:Among the 2 311specimens, 123 (5.32%) were positive of NoV, with GI/GII group infection accounted for 17.07% (21/123) and 77.24% (95/123), respectively, GI/GII group mixed infection accounted for 5.69% (7/123). The detection rate of <1 year age group was the highest (8.86%), followed by the 1-3 years group (7.11%, 30/422) and the over 60 years group (5.29%, 23/123). The highest NoV detection rate was 7.96% (45/565) in the urban area, and the most abundant genotypes were found in the northern mountainous area. Sequence analysis showed that 61 identified NoV strains could be divided into 12 genotypes, with 4 NoV GI and 8 NoV GII. The dominant genotype differed during the 3 years, with GII.4 Sydney [P16] in 2021, GII.4 Sydney [P31] in 2022, and GII.2[P16] in 2023.Conclusions:NoV GII group was the main NoV infection in Linyi from 2021-2023 and genotypes were diverse. Children under 3 years of age and elderly people over 60 years old as susceptible groups should be given special protection. In addition, the monitoring of NoV genotype diversification should be strengthened in northern mountainous areas.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Pyran- and furanocoumarins are key representatives of tetrahydropyrans and tetrahydrofurans, respectively, exhibiting diverse physiological and medical bioactivities. However, the biosynthetic mechanisms for their core structures remain poorly understood. Here we combined multiomics analyses of biosynthetic enzymes in Peucedanum praeruptorum and in vitro functional verification and identified two types of key enzymes critical for pyran and furan ring biosynthesis in plants. These included three distinct P. praeruptorum prenyltransferases (PpPT1-3) responsible for the prenylation of the simple coumarin skeleton 7 into linear or angular precursors, and two novel CYP450 cyclases (PpDC and PpOC) crucial for the cyclization of the linear/angular precursors into either tetrahydropyran or tetrahydrofuran scaffolds. Biochemical analyses of cyclases indicated that acid/base-assisted epoxide ring opening contributed to the enzyme-catalyzed tetrahydropyran and tetrahydrofuran ring refactoring. The possible acid/base-assisted catalytic mechanisms of the identified cyclases were theoretically investigated and assessed using site-specific mutagenesis. We identified two possible acidic amino acids Glu303 in PpDC and Asp301 in PpOC as vital in the catalytic process. This study provides new enzymatic tools in the epoxide formation/epoxide-opening mediated cascade reaction and exemplifies how plants become chemically diverse in terms of enzyme function and catalytic process.

OBJECTIVE To explore the potential mechanism of the effect of Xuebijing injection （XBJ） on neurological function and survival of rats after cardiac arrest （CA）/cardiopulmonary resuscitation （CPR） based on the S-nitrosoglutathione reductase （GSNOR）/S-nitrosoglutathione （GSNO） pathway. METHODS The CA/CPR rat model was established by ventricular fibrillation. Using a sham operation group as control， high-throughput sequencing was employed to analyze and mine the differentially expressed genes （DEGs）. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the contents of GSNOR and GSNO in the hippocampus； the active components of XBJ were screened and subjected to molecular docking analysis with GSNOR. The rats successfully modeled using the same method were divided into model group （n＝30）， inhibitor （GSNOR inhibitor） group （n＝30）， XBJ group （n＝30） and XBJ+inhibitor group （n＝30）， and a sham operation group （n＝30） was set up. Neurological function was evaluated and survival status was recorded at 3 hours， 24 hours and 3 days after the first 89） drug intervention. The contents of GSNOR and GSNO in the hippocampus of rats were determined in each group at the 0191） above time points， and the relationship of the contents of GSNOR and GSNO with modified neurologic severity scale （mNSS） score was analyzed. RESULTS GSNOR coding gene was differentially expressed between the model group and the sham operation group. Compared with the sham operation group， GSNOR content increased significantly in the hippocampus of rats in model group， while GSNO content decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. The active components of XBJ， such as 4- methylenemiltirone and salviolone， could be bound to GSNOR protein， with the binding energy lower than －6 kcal/mol， mainly connected by hydrogen bonds. Animal experiments revealed that mNSS score and GSNOR levels in the hippocampus of rats in the model group were significantly higher than those in the sham operation group （P＜0.05）， while GSNO levels and survival rate were significantly lower than those in the sham operation group （P＜0.05）. The above indexes of rats were improved significantly in administration groups， the mNSS score in the XBJ group was significantly lower than that in the inhibitor group， the content changes of GSNOR and GSNO in the inhibitor group were more obvious than those in the XBJ group， and the various indicators in the XBJ+inhibitor group were significantly better than the XBJ group and the inhibitor group （P＜0.05）. GSNOR content was positively correlated with the mNSS score， and GSNO content was negatively correlated with the mNSS score （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS XBJ can improve the neurological function of rats and enhance their survival rates after CA/CPR， the mechanism of which may be associated with the down-regulation of GSNOR and the up-regulation of GSNO.