Objective: To analyze resting state electroencephalography (EEG) theta/beta power ratio (TBR) and motor development characteristics in children aged 4-8 years with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and typically developing children, so as to examine the association between TBR in brain regions showing ADHD related differences and motor coordination ability. Methods: From July to September 2025, a total of 80 children aged 4-8 years were enrolled (40 in the ADHD group were recruited at Beijing Children s Hospital and 40 in the typically developing control group were recruited at a kindergarten and a primary school in Weifang). Three minute eyes open resting state EEG was collected to calculate TBR in the frontal, central, parietal, temporal, and occipital regions. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) and the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3) were used to assess motor development. Between group comparisons were performed using t-test and analysis of covariance. Pearson correlation and partial correlation analyses were used to explore the relationships between regional TBR and motor development indicators; multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the predictive effect of regional TBR on motor development. Results: After adjustment, TBR in the frontal, central, parietal, and temporal regions was higher in the ADHD group than in the control group (all P <0.05). After adjustment, TGMD-3 object control skill scores (32.50±1.22 ，38.65±1.06) and total scores (71.05±1.98, 80.25±1.72), as well as MABC-2 fine motor (7.02±0.22, 8.96± 0.19), coordination (7.52±0.23, 8.40±0.20), balance (7.25±0.24, 8.98±0.21), and total scores (21.79±0.51, 26.34± 0.44 ), were lower in the ADHD group than in the control group ( F =6.85, 6.48, 22.50, 5.16, 13.75, 28.60, all P <0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that within the ADHD group, central and parietal TBR were negatively correlated with MABC-2 total score ( r = -0.32 , -0.34, both P <0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that after controlling for sex, age, height, weight, and body mass index in children with ADHD, parietal TBR remained negatively associated with MABC-2 total score ( β =-0.21, P <0.05). Conclusion ADHD related cortical arousal characteristics in children aged 4-8 years may be associated with their motor deficits.

Abstract Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit abnormal brain structural development, neurotransmitter imbalance, and dysregulation of brain functional networks. Exercise can promote brain plasticity through multiple pathways, including promoting neurogenesis, enhancing synaptic plasticity, regulating neurotrophic factor expression, and improving cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolism. It can also improve attention, executive function, and behavioral performance by enhancing prefrontal functional activity, optimizing brain network connectivity, and regulating neurotransmitter systems. To elucidate the role of exercise intervention in improving brain plasticity in children with ADHD, the review summarizes the abnormal characteristics of brain plasticity in children with ADHD, the main mechanisms by which exercise promotes brain plasticity, and related empirical advances. Future research should strengthen standardized intervention studies and incorporate multimodal indicators to further verify the mechanisms underlying the effects of exercise intervention.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of primary tooth caries among preschool children in Macau in 2025 and the associated factors, so as to provide a theoretical basis for formulating targeted oral health intervention strategies for children. Methods: From January to May 2025, a stratified random cluster sampling method was adopted to select two kindergartens from each of Macao s three regions (Northern Region, Central Region, and Southern and Outlying Islands Region), enrolling a total of 884 preschool children for dental health examinations and questionnaire surveys. Intergroup comparisons were performed by using the Chi-square test and t-test, and multivariable Logistic regression was applied to analyze the factors associated with primary tooth caries among preschool children. Results: Among the preschool children, the prevalence of primary tooth caries was 40.7%, the filling rate was 7.4%, the missing rate was 2.0%, and the mean dmft index was (1.77±3.14). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis revealed that being 3 years old ( OR =0.48), being 4 years old ( OR =0.63)，being an only child ( OR =0.61), having a weekend screen time of 30 to <60 min ( OR =0.61) or <30 min ( OR =0.56), maintaining a regular toothbrushing habit ( OR = 0.59 ), parental perception of the child being caries free ( OR =0.60), father having a postgraduate degree ( OR =0.56), and mother having a bachelor s ( OR =0.57) or postgraduate degree ( OR =0.66) were associated with lower risks of primary tooth caries among preschool children(all P <0.05). Conversely, having breakfast 3 to <6 days/week ( OR =1.48) or <3 days/week ( OR =2.80), weekly intake of high sugar foods/beverages ≥ 5 times ( OR =1.90), 3 to <5 times ( OR =1.86), or 1 to <3 times ( OR =1.67), having a oral examination in the past year ( OR =1.86), and parental awareness of the child having caries ( OR =1.35) were associated with higher risks of primary tooth caries among preschool children (all P <0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of primary tooth caries among preschool children in Macau is relatively high.Therefore, targeted intervention measures should be implemented to reduce the incidence of primary tooth caries in preschool children.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence trends and associated factors of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Macao from 2005 to 2020, so as to provide evidence for developing health promotion strategies. Methods: Data were obtained from the Macao Citizen Physical Fitness Monitoring Database for the years 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 for participants aged 6-22 years. The χ 2 test was employed to analyze trends in detection rates, while univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify influencing factors. Results: The overweight rate among Macaos children and adolescents increased from 10.4% in 2005 to 14.8% in 2020. The obesity rate rose from 6.8% to 12.1%, with the total detection rate increasing from 17.2% to 26.9%, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ 2 trend =46.7, 87.5, 145.9, P <0.01). Notably, the overweight/obesity rate among boys showed rapid growth ( χ 2 trend = 118.6, P <0.01), while girls exhibited a declining inflection point in 2020. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that children and adolescents with the following characteristics faced higher risks of overweight/obesity: a physical education performance score of 3 points (overweight: OR=2.34, 95%CI =1.10-4.96; obesity: OR=2.39, 95%CI =1.19-4.81), paternal obesity (overweight: OR=2.07, 95%CI =1.38-3.11; obesity: OR=1.51, 95%CI = 1.01-2.27), and maternal obesity (overweight: OR=1.69, 95%CI =1.08-2.63; obesity: OR=1.77, 95%CI =1.16- 2.71 ) ( P <0.05). Conversely, lower risks were observed in those who performed appropriate warm-up activities before exercise (obesity: OR=0.37, 95%CI =0.15-0.95), participated in two academic/non-sports extracurricular classes (obesity: OR=0.46, 95%CI =0.24-0.88), and reported moderate physical exertion during extracurricular exercise (obesity: OR=0.60, 95%CI =0.36-0.98) ( P <0.05) . Conclusions Overweight and obesity among Macao s children and adolescents remain severe, particularly among boys, while girls show early signs of improvement. It is recommended to establish a multi-sectoral collaborative prevention and control system to reduce childhood and adolescent obesity.

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), an evolutionarily conserved molecular chaperone, serves as a central regulator within tumor immune networks. This review summarizes the multiple immune regulatory mechanisms mediated by HSP70 through its specific domains: promoting antigen presentation and cross-presentation processes; prolonging immune response duration; regulating innate and adaptive immune responses; and interacting with immune checkpoint molecules like programmed death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1). In translation of clinical research, HSP70 can serve as a vaccine adjuvant to enhance immunogenicity, while its inhibitors can overcome resistance to immunotherapy. Additionally, membrane-bound HSP70 represents a potential immunotherapeutic target, and its targeting strategies show significant synergistic effects when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, due to the functional redundancy of the molecular chaperone network, the clinical efficacy of single-agent HSP70 inhibition is limited. In-depth elucidation of HSP70's synergistic regulatory mechanisms within the chaperone interaction network has important implications for developing novel tumor immunotherapy strategies.
HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism* ; Humans ; Immunotherapy/methods* ; Neoplasms/immunology* ; Animals ; B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism*

Abstract To investigate the effects of exercise on gut microbiota(GM) among children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)，the review provides an in depth summary of the three core biological pathways through which exercise modulates the GM: repairing the integrity of the intestinal barrier to inhibit lipopolysaccharide mediated neuroinflammation; optimizing key metabolites, such as short chain fatty acids, to reshape gut-brain communication; synergistically regulating the tryptophan-kynurenine metabolic pathway and vagus nerve signaling to balance neurotransmitters. These interconnected pathways not only alleviate gastrointestinal discomfort but also provide a solid biological foundation for improving the core behavioral symptoms of ASD, such as social deficits and repetitive behaviors. Future research should focus on establishing standardized exercise intervention protocols, validating the efficacy of these key biological pathways using multi omics approaches, and exploring combined intervention strategies. The results of corollary studies will provide a more robust scientific basis for precision rehabilitation of children with ASD.

BACKGROUND:Since entering the intelligent age,there has been a growing enthusiasm for research on artificial intelligence technologies applied to healthcare.In the field of orthopedics,robot-assisted technology is one of the most attractive artificial intelligence technologies.After nearly 40 years of development,robot-assisted technology has gradually matured,and the types of orthopaedic surgeries in which it can be involved have gradually increased and played a crucial role.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the application of orthopedic robots in the clinic and analyze their advantages and disadvantages.METHODS:The PubMed and CNKI databases were searched for relevant literature.The search terms were"robot-assisted technology,surgical robots,orthopaedic robots,robotic arm,orthopaedic,orthopaedic surgery,joint,spine,trauma,bone tumor"in English and Chinese.A total of 82 articles with high relevance were screened according to the inclusion criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Robot-assisted technology is now more mature in clinical practice and can be used in most orthopedic surgeries with good clinical performance.(2)The main advantages of orthopedic robots include relieving clinicians'work pressure,reducing intraoperative side injuries,and shortening radiation exposure time.However,there may also be a prolongation of surgical operation time and an increase in postoperative complications.(3)The future development of orthopedic robots will be along the direction of high intelligence,low cost,and faster.

BACKGROUND:Since entering the intelligent age,there has been a growing enthusiasm for research on artificial intelligence technologies applied to healthcare.In the field of orthopedics,robot-assisted technology is one of the most attractive artificial intelligence technologies.After nearly 40 years of development,robot-assisted technology has gradually matured,and the types of orthopaedic surgeries in which it can be involved have gradually increased and played a crucial role.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the application of orthopedic robots in the clinic and analyze their advantages and disadvantages.METHODS:The PubMed and CNKI databases were searched for relevant literature.The search terms were"robot-assisted technology,surgical robots,orthopaedic robots,robotic arm,orthopaedic,orthopaedic surgery,joint,spine,trauma,bone tumor"in English and Chinese.A total of 82 articles with high relevance were screened according to the inclusion criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Robot-assisted technology is now more mature in clinical practice and can be used in most orthopedic surgeries with good clinical performance.(2)The main advantages of orthopedic robots include relieving clinicians'work pressure,reducing intraoperative side injuries,and shortening radiation exposure time.However,there may also be a prolongation of surgical operation time and an increase in postoperative complications.(3)The future development of orthopedic robots will be along the direction of high intelligence,low cost,and faster.

Objective:To investigate the current status of scientific fitness literacy (SFL) and its influencing factors among Chinese adults aged 20-59 years.Methods:Totally 63 338 adults aged 20-59 years in the status of national fitness activities in 2020 from 1 January to 31 March 2020 were selected as the subjects, and they were divided into four age groups, namely, the 20-29 age group, the 30-39 age group, the 40-49 age group and the 50-59 age group. Data were analyzed by SPSS 29.0.Comparative analyses for age, gender, urban-rural difference were carried out by applying non-parametric tests, and multiple regression models were applied to find the influencing factors of SFL.Results:The SFL score of Chinese adults aged 20-59 years was 53.40 (41.67, 63.73), and the scores of cognition, attitude, ability and skills, behavior and habits sub-dimensions were 86.11 (72.22, 100.00), 62.96 (50.62, 75.31), 27.78 (11.11, 44.44) and 33.33 (11.11, 55.56), respectively. The SFL and the four sub-dimensions were demonstrated to have higher scores for males than females, and higher scores for adults in urban area than those in rural area(all P<0.01). The multiple regression results showed that regular exercise at a fitness facility (20-29 age group: β=0.321, t=5.940, P<0.01; 30-39 age group: β=0.187, t=2.937, P<0.01; 40-49 age group: β=0.230, t=3.988, P<0.01; 50-59 age group: β=0.415, t=5.671, P<0.01) was the Chinese adults' common influence factor on SFL.Motivation, evaluation by those around them, experience from exercising, and convenience and atmosphere of exercising were the main influence factors in the 20-29 and 30-39 age groups(all P<0.05).Comfort level of fitness venue, convenience, safety, and support of fitness place were the main influence factors in adults aged 40-59 years(all P<0.05). Conclusions:Chinese adults aged 20-59 years old have high SFL awareness scores, but low overall SFL scores. Surrounding people's evaluation, experience in exercise, comfort level of fitness place, convenience, safety and fitness policy support are the influential factors of scientific fitness literacy.

OBJECTIVE To study the intervention effect of Hippophae rhamnoides oil on glucocorticoid resistance in superantigen-induced atopic dermatitis （AD） mice，and to explore the mechanism of action. METHODS Fifty mice were randomly divided into 5 groups，i.e. normal control group （group A），model group （group B），dexamethasone intervention group （positive control，group C），H. rhamnoides oil intervention group （group D），dexamethasone+H. rhamnoides oil intervention group （group E），with 10 mice in each group. Except for group A，other groups were given 2，4-dinitrochlorobenzene+staphylococcal enterotoxin B to induce the AD mice model. Starting from the 7th day of the experiment，groups C，D and E were given dexamethasone （1.5 mg/kg） and/or H. rhamnoides oil （10 mL/kg） intragastrically，once a day，for 28 consecutive days. After the last medication，the pathomorphological changes of ear tissue were observed by 节作用。E-mail：57667478@qq.com HE staining； the serum levels of immunoglobulin E （IgE） and interleukin 4 （IL-4） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Positive cell count of glucocorticoid receptor α （GRα） and GRβ in the ear tissue of mice was detected by tyramide signal amplification. The expressions of GRα protein，GRβ protein，and protein kinase B （AKT）/ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1，S6K1 （S6K1） signaling pathway-related proteins were determined by Western blot assay. RESULTS Compared with group B，the skin inflammation in the left ear of the mice was significantly reduced in groups C，D and E，the serum levels of IgE and IL-4 were decreased significantly in groups D and E （P＜ 0.05），while the number of GRα positive cells and GRα protein expression were increased significantly （P＜0.05）； the protein levels of G protein inhibitory subunit 1 （Gαi1），Gαi3，phosphorylated S6K1 （p-S6K1） and phosphorylated AKT （p-AKT） were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）； the number of GRβ positive cells and protein expression of GRβ was decreased significantly in group E（P＜0.05）. Compared with group C，the skin inflammation in the left ear of the mice was almost clear away in group E，the serum levels of IgE and IL-4 were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）； the number of GRα positive cells and GRα protein expression were increased significantly in groups D and E （P＜0.05）； the protein levels of GRβ，Gαi1，p-S6K1 and p-AKT were all decreased significantly in groups D and E（P＜0.05）； and protein level of Gαi3 was decreased significantly in group E （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS H. rhamnoides oil has an intervention effect on superantigen-induced glucocorticoid resistance of AD mice，which may be exerted by inhibition of the Gαi1/3-induced AKT/S6K1 signaling pathway.