Abstract To investigate the effects of exercise on gut microbiota(GM) among children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)，the review provides an in depth summary of the three core biological pathways through which exercise modulates the GM: repairing the integrity of the intestinal barrier to inhibit lipopolysaccharide mediated neuroinflammation; optimizing key metabolites, such as short chain fatty acids, to reshape gut-brain communication; synergistically regulating the tryptophan-kynurenine metabolic pathway and vagus nerve signaling to balance neurotransmitters. These interconnected pathways not only alleviate gastrointestinal discomfort but also provide a solid biological foundation for improving the core behavioral symptoms of ASD, such as social deficits and repetitive behaviors. Future research should focus on establishing standardized exercise intervention protocols, validating the efficacy of these key biological pathways using multi omics approaches, and exploring combined intervention strategies. The results of corollary studies will provide a more robust scientific basis for precision rehabilitation of children with ASD.

Objective:To investigate the current status of scientific fitness literacy (SFL) and its influencing factors among Chinese adults aged 20-59 years.Methods:Totally 63 338 adults aged 20-59 years in the status of national fitness activities in 2020 from 1 January to 31 March 2020 were selected as the subjects, and they were divided into four age groups, namely, the 20-29 age group, the 30-39 age group, the 40-49 age group and the 50-59 age group. Data were analyzed by SPSS 29.0.Comparative analyses for age, gender, urban-rural difference were carried out by applying non-parametric tests, and multiple regression models were applied to find the influencing factors of SFL.Results:The SFL score of Chinese adults aged 20-59 years was 53.40 (41.67, 63.73), and the scores of cognition, attitude, ability and skills, behavior and habits sub-dimensions were 86.11 (72.22, 100.00), 62.96 (50.62, 75.31), 27.78 (11.11, 44.44) and 33.33 (11.11, 55.56), respectively. The SFL and the four sub-dimensions were demonstrated to have higher scores for males than females, and higher scores for adults in urban area than those in rural area(all P<0.01). The multiple regression results showed that regular exercise at a fitness facility (20-29 age group: β=0.321, t=5.940, P<0.01; 30-39 age group: β=0.187, t=2.937, P<0.01; 40-49 age group: β=0.230, t=3.988, P<0.01; 50-59 age group: β=0.415, t=5.671, P<0.01) was the Chinese adults' common influence factor on SFL.Motivation, evaluation by those around them, experience from exercising, and convenience and atmosphere of exercising were the main influence factors in the 20-29 and 30-39 age groups(all P<0.05).Comfort level of fitness venue, convenience, safety, and support of fitness place were the main influence factors in adults aged 40-59 years(all P<0.05). Conclusions:Chinese adults aged 20-59 years old have high SFL awareness scores, but low overall SFL scores. Surrounding people's evaluation, experience in exercise, comfort level of fitness place, convenience, safety and fitness policy support are the influential factors of scientific fitness literacy.

Objective:To explore the evolution of CT characteristics of the "reversed halo sign" of pulmonary tuberculosis, and to further improve the recognition of its CT signs.Methods:Clinical and CT data of 12 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who were clinically and pathologically confirmed and accompanied with CT manifestation of "reversed halo sign" in First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology from August 2013 to April 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Pathological and imaging contrastl analysis was performed on 1 patient undergoing surgical treatment.Results:Among 12 cases with "reversed halo sign", there were 2 cases with single lesion in unilateral lung, 2 cases with multiple lesions in unilateral lung, and 8 cases with multiple lesions in bilateral lungs. Three cases showed only "reversed halo sign", 9 cases showed both halo-like sign and uniform fireworks sign. "Tree-in-bud "sign was found in all 12 patients in the outer ring of the "reversed halo sign". Eight patients received three or more CT examinations, and six of them showed reduction of density and volume of the "reversed halo sign" after standardized anti-tuberculosis treatment. Under the natural course of the disease in two cases, the overall enlargement of the lesion was observed in 1 case, and the overall density of the lesion was reduced and the outer ring wall of the "reversed halo sign" was thinned in 1 case. The pathology of one case after surgical lobectomy showed granulomatous inflammatory nodules of varying sizes containing Langerhans nodule giant cells in the lung parenchyma. The typical caseous necrotic granulomatous nodules were rare here. The "reversed halo sign" showed dense Langerhans nodules in the outer ring, sparse central areas with fibrous hyperplasia and alveolar wall thickening.Conclusions:The outer ring of "reversed halo sign" of pulmonary tuberculosis shows as "tree-in-bud" sign, and its center shows as the fine reticulation pattern. After effective anti-tuberculosis treatment, both the overall density of "reversed halo sign" and the lesion size reduced. Finally, the lesions mostly present as as fine grid shadows for a long time.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of Xuebijing injection on immune function of patients with acute exacer-bation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD) .Methods 103 patients with AECOPD were divided into 3 groups ,in-cluding control group(33 cases) ,the treatment group 1(36 cases) and treatment group 2(34 cases) .The conventional treatments of COPD including anti-infection ,relieving cough ,expectorant ,antispasmodic ,anti-asthmatic and aerosol therapy were adopted in all patients ,based on the similar conventional therapy in the control group ,50 mL Xuebijing injection with NS 250 mL(1/d ,course of 7 d) were added in the treatment group 1 ,and 100 mL Xuebijing injection with NS 250 mL (1/d ,course of 7 d)were added in the treatment group 2 .Serum CD3 ,CD4 ,CD8 ,CD4/CD8 and IgA ,IgG ,IgM were tested before treatment as well as 4 days and 8 days after treatment .The condition changes in all patients were evaluated .Results After 8 days of treatment ,the total treatment effi-ciency and serum CD3 ,CD4 ,CD4/CD8 ,IgA were significantly changed in the two treatment groups compared with the control group(P<0 .05) ,but serum CD8 ,IgG ,IgM showed no significant difference(P>0 .05);After 4 days of treatment ,the total efficien-cy and serum CD4 ,CD4/CD8 were significantly changed in the treatment group 2 which injection dose was increased compared with the control group(P<0 .05) .The total treatment efficiency and immune function showed no significant difference between the two treatment groups(P>0 .05) .Conclusion Xuebijing injection can improve the immune function and treatment efficiency of AECO-PD patients .Appropriately increase the dose can achieve better clinical results in a short period .In conclusion ,Xuebijing injection is a feasible and effective method for the clinical treatment of AECOPD .

Objective To investigate the correlation between plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) band leukoaraiosis (LA) in patients with acute stroke.Methods The clinical and imaging data of patients with acute stroke were analyzed retrospectively.The numbers of CMBs were counted and the severity of LA was graded according to the results of MRI.Fasting venous samples were obtained and the plasma Hey concentration was measured the next day after admission.Results A total of 139 patients with acute stroke were enrolled,67 of them were females and 72 were males (mean age 70.1 ± 10.2 years); 24 had hemorrhagic stroke and 115 had ischemic stroke.The age (76.23 ± 8.74 years vs.64.58 ± 7.42 years;t =4.621,P =0.012) hypertension ratio (89.13％ vs.67.74％ ;x2 =8.324,P =0.0 370) and plasma Hey level (14.53 ± 4.31 mmol/L vs.11.31 ±3.16 mmol/L;t =6.538,P=0.008| in a severe LA group (n=46) were significantly higher than those in a non-severe LA group (n =93).Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was significant correlation between the plasma Hcy level and the severity of LA (rs =0.365,P =0.002).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the increased Hey level (odds ratio [ OR ],1.366,95％confidence interval [ CI] 1.141 - 1.526; P =0.010) and age (OR 1.093,95％ CI 1.031 - 1.162; P =0.016)were the independent risk factors for severe LA.The age (74.37 ± 6.35 years vs.67.56 ± 8.52 years; t =6.628,P =0.038) and hypertension ratio (94.74％ vs.62.20％;x2 =8.773,P =0.002) in a CBM group were significantly higher than those in a non-CMB group (n =82).Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between the plasma Hcy level and the numbers of CBMs (rs =0.038,P =0.813).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension was an independent risk factor for CBMs.Conclusions The elevated plasma Hcy level was associated with LA,but it was not associated with CBMs.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for leukoaraiosis (LA). Methods The clinical and imaging data in patients with stroke were collected retrospectively. LA was divided into periventricular LA and subcortical LA according to the findings of MRI, and they were scored and classified. Results A total of 113 patients with stroke were included. There were 39 women and 74 men (mean age 61.33 ± 1.32 years). The age (65.52 ± 12. 56 vs.47. 96 ±9. 23 years, t =5. 634, P =0. 000), hypertension (68. 60% vs. 29. 63% ,x2 = 12. 932,P =0. 000), diabetes (30. 23% vs. 3.70%, x2 = 7. 953, P = 0. 005), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (147. 42 ± 2. 78 mm Hg vs. 134. 00 ± 22. 45 mm Hg,t = 2. 862, P = 0. 004), glucose (6. 54 ± 3. 48 mmol/L vs. 5. 35 ± 1.37 mmol/L, t = 2. 808, P = 0. 005), and total cholesterol (TC) level (5. 17±0.89 mmol/L vs. 4.59±0.61 mmol/L, t=3. 152, P=0. 002) in patients with periventricular LA (n = 86) were significantly higher than those without periventricular LA (n =27). The age (66. 44 ± 11.33 vs. 47. 96 ±9. 23 years, t =4. 768, P =0. 000), hypertension (74. 29% vs. 34. 88%, x2 = 17. 134, P = 0. 000), SBP (85.46 ± 9. 80 mm Hg vs. 69. 81 ±8. 74 mm Hg, t =2. 999, P=0. 003), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (85.46 ±9. 80 mm Hg vs.69. 81 ±8.74 mm Hg, t =2. 999, P =0. 003), and TC level (5.22±0.99 mmol/L vs. 4.91 ±0. 75 mmol/L, t =3. 330, P =0. 001) in patients with subcortical LA (n =70) were significantly higher than those without subcortical LA (n =43). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the periventricular LA classification was significantly correlated with the age (rs = 0. 606, P =0. 000), drinking (rs = -0. 257, P = 0. 006), hypertension (rs = 0. 428, P = 0. 000), diabetes (rs =0. 236, P =0. 012), SBP (rs =0. 382, P =0. 000), and DBP (rs =0. 258, P =0. 006). The subcortical LA classification was significantly correlated with the age (rs = 0.488, P = 0. 000),hypertension (rs = 0. 416, P = 0. 000), SBP (rs = 0. 386, P = 0. 000), DBP (rs = 0. 326, P =0. 006), and TC level (rs =0. 231, P =0. 014). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the age (odds ratio[OR] = 1.071, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.009-1. 137; P=O. 024), hypertension (OR =4. 106, 95% CI 1. 657-10. 174; P =0. 002), and SBP (OR =1. 049,95% CI 1. 162-7. 013; P = 0. 022) were independently correlated with LA. Conclusions The age, hypertension, and SBP are the independent risk factors for LA, in which the age is an uncontrollable factor, and the aggressive prevention and treatment of hypertension may reduce the occurrence of LA.

Objective To analyse the effect of endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy of palma-plantar hyperhidrosis. Methods Between January 2006 and January 2009,77 cases with palma-plantar hyperhidrosis were operated by thoracoscope. Fifty-two cases of palma-axillary-plantar hyperhidrosis were performed sympathectomy of T2-T4 and 25 cases of palma-plantar were performed sympathectomy of T2-T3.Bilateral procedures were completed in the same position. Results After operation palmar hyperhidrosis and armpits hyperhidrosis all were cured. Of soles, 7 cases were completely dry, 34 cases nearly dry, 32 cases unchanged and 4 cases worse. There was no significant difference in the change of plantar hyperhidrosis between sympathectomy of T2-T3 and T2-T4 (P ＞ 0.05). Conclusions Bilateral single port for endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy produces slighter trauma and patients easily accept it. Plantar sweating can be relieved or nearly relieved in partial patients after thoracic sympathectomy. There is no difference in the effect of plantar hyperhidrosis between sympathectomy of T2-T3 and T2-T4.