The occurrence of seizures after hemorrhagic stroke is a significant contributor to mortality in patients with hemorrhagic stroke. Compared with ischemic stroke， hemorrhagic stroke is more frequently to cause seizures， with high disability and high mortality. If not detected early and treated in time， seizures may aggravate patient’s conditions in the acute stage， and cause accidental injuries in the recovery stage， increasing the burden on patient’s family. Early prediction and timely treatment of seizures can improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients. With science and technology advances， domestic and international researchers have established prediction models for seizures after hemorrhagic stroke， which use machine learning methods to process and identify relevant data， improving the accuracy of prediction for the disease. This review aims to summarize risk factors for post-hemorrhagic stroke seizures and related prediction models， so as to provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Seizures

Neurological disorders are an important cause of global human disease burden， but the mechanisms of the development and progression of neurological disorders remain unclear， and most studies have shown that they are associated with the expression of mutations in human genes. MEF2D， as an important transcription factor in the MEF2 family， plays an important role in both physiological and pathological processes. Related studies have found that MEF2D can be involved in neuronal survival， regulate neuronal responses to stimuli， and participate in the pathogenic process of neurological disorders. This article reviews the research advances in MEF2D in common neurological disorders.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics, auxiliary examinations, and genetic mutations of a patient with myotonia congenita (MC).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data and whole exome sequencing results of a patient who visited the Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University on April 13, 2023, and her family members. Candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing.Results:The patient was a 30-year-old female who presented with muscle stiffness and transient weakness during the transition from rest to movement since childhood, which improved after repeated limb movements. With age, involvement of upper limb skeletal muscles, extraocular muscles, and masticatory muscles was noted. Electromyography (EMG) showed abundant myotonic potentials in the muscles of the limbs, and serum creatine kinase levels (586.80 IU/L) were elevated. Genetic testing revealed that the patient carried 2 mutations in the CLCN1 gene: a newly discovered single nucleotide deletion mutation c.1388del (p.Phe463SerfsTer4), and a known missense mutation c.1679T>C (p.Met560Thr). These mutations were present in a compound heterozygous state. The patient′s father carried the c.1388del single heterozygous mutation, while her mother, son, aunt, younger uncle, and grandmother carried the c.1679T>C single heterozygous mutation. Conclusions:MC is primarily characterized by muscle stiffness and transient weakness at the onset of movement, which improves after "warm-up". The proband in this pedigree exhibits typical MC symptoms, with significantly elevated creatine kinase levels and EMG revealing abundant myotonic potentials in the muscles of the limbs indicating myopathic damages. The new mutation c.1388del (p.Phe463SerfsTer4) in the CLCN1 gene further expands the spectrum of pathogenic mutations in the CLCN1 gene.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics, auxiliary examinations, and genetic mutations of a patient with myotonia congenita (MC).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data and whole exome sequencing results of a patient who visited the Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University on April 13, 2023, and her family members. Candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing.Results:The patient was a 30-year-old female who presented with muscle stiffness and transient weakness during the transition from rest to movement since childhood, which improved after repeated limb movements. With age, involvement of upper limb skeletal muscles, extraocular muscles, and masticatory muscles was noted. Electromyography (EMG) showed abundant myotonic potentials in the muscles of the limbs, and serum creatine kinase levels (586.80 IU/L) were elevated. Genetic testing revealed that the patient carried 2 mutations in the CLCN1 gene: a newly discovered single nucleotide deletion mutation c.1388del (p.Phe463SerfsTer4), and a known missense mutation c.1679T>C (p.Met560Thr). These mutations were present in a compound heterozygous state. The patient′s father carried the c.1388del single heterozygous mutation, while her mother, son, aunt, younger uncle, and grandmother carried the c.1679T>C single heterozygous mutation. Conclusions:MC is primarily characterized by muscle stiffness and transient weakness at the onset of movement, which improves after "warm-up". The proband in this pedigree exhibits typical MC symptoms, with significantly elevated creatine kinase levels and EMG revealing abundant myotonic potentials in the muscles of the limbs indicating myopathic damages. The new mutation c.1388del (p.Phe463SerfsTer4) in the CLCN1 gene further expands the spectrum of pathogenic mutations in the CLCN1 gene.

Objective::This study aimed to evaluate the major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) and overall safety profile associated with iodixanol in Chinese patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods::Patients at 30 centers in China registered in the OpenClinic v3.6 database from October 30, 2013, to October 7, 2015, were included in the study. The primary endpoint was in-hospital MACCEs including target lesion revascularization (TLR), stroke, stent thrombosis, cardiac death, and PCI-related myocardial infarction (MI) within 72 h post-PCI. Secondary endpoints were MACCEs from 72 h to 30 d post-PCI and other safety events within 30 d post-PCI.Results::A total of 3,042 patients were enrolled. The incidence of MACCEs within 72 h post-PCI was 2.33% ( n = 71), including cardiac death (0.03%, n = 1) and PCI-related MI (2.30%, n = 70). The incidence of MACCEs from 72 h to 30 d post-PCI was 0.16% ( n = 5), including cardiac death (0.10%, n = 3), PCI-related MI (0.03%, n = 1), and TLR for stent thrombosis (0.03%, n = 1). The incidence of composite angiographic or procedural complications was 2.86% ( n = 87); 233 (7.86%) patients had results suggesting contrast-induced acute kidney injury. Conclusions::These findings indicate that the use of iodixanol in Chinese patients undergoing PCI is associated with a low incidence of MACCEs, confirming its safety in this population.

Objective::This study aimed to evaluate the major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) and overall safety profile associated with iodixanol in Chinese patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods::Patients at 30 centers in China registered in the OpenClinic v3.6 database from October 30, 2013, to October 7, 2015, were included in the study. The primary endpoint was in-hospital MACCEs including target lesion revascularization (TLR), stroke, stent thrombosis, cardiac death, and PCI-related myocardial infarction (MI) within 72 h post-PCI. Secondary endpoints were MACCEs from 72 h to 30 d post-PCI and other safety events within 30 d post-PCI.Results::A total of 3,042 patients were enrolled. The incidence of MACCEs within 72 h post-PCI was 2.33% ( n = 71), including cardiac death (0.03%, n = 1) and PCI-related MI (2.30%, n = 70). The incidence of MACCEs from 72 h to 30 d post-PCI was 0.16% ( n = 5), including cardiac death (0.10%, n = 3), PCI-related MI (0.03%, n = 1), and TLR for stent thrombosis (0.03%, n = 1). The incidence of composite angiographic or procedural complications was 2.86% ( n = 87); 233 (7.86%) patients had results suggesting contrast-induced acute kidney injury. Conclusions::These findings indicate that the use of iodixanol in Chinese patients undergoing PCI is associated with a low incidence of MACCEs, confirming its safety in this population.

To investigate the value of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein AⅠ ratio combined with carotid intimamedia thickness in predicting acute cerebral infarction.Methods Patients with acute large artery atherosclerotic cerebral infarction in the anterior circulation who were hospitalized in the Department of Neurology，The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from July 2020 to June 2021 were selected as the case group.Patients with noncardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases who were hospitalized during the same period were randomly selected as the control group.The clinical data and laboratory results of the two groups were compared，and the risk factors of acute cerebral infarction were analyzed.To explore the predictive value of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein AⅠratio combined with carotid intimamedia thickness in the incidence of cerebral infarction.The clinical data and laboratory results of the two groups were compared.The influencing factors of acute cerebral infarction were analyzed by logistic regression.The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein AⅠcombined with carotid intimamedia thickness in the incidence of cerebral infarction.Results The study included 143 patients with acute cerebral infarction and 122 patients with noncardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Multivariate analysis showed that smoking（OR=3.448，95%CI 1.609-7.391），diabetes（OR=2.884，95%CI 1.389-5.989），carotid intimamedia thickness （OR=1.633，95%CI 1.219-2.189），Leukocytes （OR=1.258，95%CI 1.036-1.527），free fatty acids（OR=14.113，95%CI 1.942-102.558），ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein AI（OR=10.896，95%CI 2.290-51.846），D Dimer（OR=4.690，95%CI 2.097-10.488），homocysteine（OR=9.594，95%CI 1.112-82.772） were independent risk factors for large atherosclerotic cerebral infarction.The value of the ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein AⅠ [JP3]and carotid intimamedia thickness in predicting acute cerebral infarction was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve.The results showed that the area under the curve was 0.757（95%CI 0.699-0.816），the best predictive value was 0.466，the sensitivity was 81.8%，and the specificity was 58.2%.Conclusion The ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein AⅠ and the carotid intimamedia thickness are related to the atherosclerotic cerebral infarction of the anterior circulation large arteries，and they have a certain value in jointly predicting the incidence of cerebral infarction.

Objective:To explore the blood pressure levels and the influencing factors of hypertension among Hainan centenarians, and provide basic data for the further blood pressure related studies of the centenarian population.Methods:The baseline data were from China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study (CHCCS). This cross-sectional data, based on the community population, was a complete sample study of centenarians, including questionnaire survey, physical examination and physiological index detection. A total of 1 002 centenarians were recruited to describe the blood pressure level. According to the guidelines for the prevention and treatment of hypertension in Chinese adults in 2018, the prevalence of hypertension was analyzed.Results:The median levels of systolic blood pressure, diastolic pressure and pulse pressure were 152.0, 76.0 and 76.5 mmHg, respectively. Blood pressure level was higher in females than in males. The prevalence of hypertension was 71.9%, mainly in isolated systolic hypertension with the prevalence of 60.1%. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the risk of hypertension in women was higher than that in men ( OR=1.624, 95% CI: 1.155-2.283), and the risk of hypertension in the northern ( OR=0.625, 95% CI: 0.434-0.901) and central areas ( OR=0.586, 95% CI: 0.346-0.993) was lower than that of the Eastern. Conclusion:The prevalence of hypertension, mainly in isolated systolic hypertension, showing gender and regional distribution differences.

【Objective】 To analyze the cause of single-ELISA reactive of four blood screening items in 18 blood stations in Henan, so as to provide the basis for improving the quality of blood screening. 【Methods】 The single-ELISA reactive rate of HBsAg, anti-HCV, HIV Ag/Ab and anti-TP of 18 blood station laboratories in Henan throughout 2019 was calculated, and the causes were analyzed according to different ELISA reagent combinations and gray area settings in each laboratory. 【Results】 The overall single-ELISA reactive rates of HBsAg, anti-HCV, HIV Ag/Ab and anti-TP were 1.740(2 154/1 237 789), 0.564‰(698/1 237 789), 1.421‰(1 759/1 237 789) and 1.561‰(1 932/1 237 789), respectively, showing significant differences by detection items (P <0.05). Person correlation analysis showed that the single-ELISA reactive rate was independent of the gray area settings.but dependent on laboratories and reagent combinations. The single-ELISA reactive rate of HBsAg, anti-HCV, HIV Ag/Ab and anti-TP in D laboratory was the highest and higher than that in other labs using the same reagent.The laboratories with high HBsAg single-ELISA reactive rate were mostly those using a combination of imported reagents and domestic reagents, including the top 6 laboratories. The laboratories with high anti-HCV single-ELISA reactive rate were mostly those using certain domestic reagents. No obvious rules was noticed by single-ELISA reactive for anti-HIV. Laboratories with high anti-TP single-ELISA reactive rate were mostly those using combination 4. 【Conclusion】 The HBsAg single-ELISA reactive rate was the highest in the four blood screening items of blood station laboratories in Henan. The single-ELISA reactive rate is related to the laboratory itself and the reagent manufacturer, suggesting that laboratory quality control should be strengthened and proper reagent combination should be selected to reduce the waste of blood.

To investigate the relationship between plasma lipoprotein a concentration and acute ischemic stroke in young people in Xinjiang.Methods 316 young acute ischemic stroke patients who were hospitalized in the Neurology Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from July 2016 to December 2020 were selected as the young stroke group，and 637 young nonstroke patients hospitalized during the same period were randomly selected As a youth nonstroke group. The medical history and clinical data of all subjects were collected，and the relationship between plasma lipoprotein a concentration and the occurrence of acute ischemic stroke in young people was analyzed. Results The plasma lipoprotein a concentration in the youth stroke group［140.55 （208.88）］was significantly higher than that in the youth nonstroke group［95.00 （151.38）］.Comparing the plasma lipoprotein a concentration of the young stroke group and the young nonstroke group according to ethnicity，whether it is Han，Uygur or Kazakh，the plasma lipoprotein a concentration of the young stroke group is higher than that of the young non stroke group（P<0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that lipoprotein a may be one of the independent risk factors for acute ischemic stroke in young people in Xinjiang（OR=1.601，95%CI 1.342～1.910，P<0.05）. Further explore the relationship between the concentration of plasma lipoprotein a and the occurrence of acute ischemic stroke in Han，Uygur，and Kazakh youths. It shows that the increase of lipoprotein a level in Han youth is significantly related to the occurrence of acute ischemic stroke in young people. 1.751 （95%CI 1.404～2.183，P<0.05）；with the increase of plasma lipoprotein a concentration，acute deficiency The risk of bloody stroke also further increased. The risk ratio of the study population at the highest quartile level to the study population at the lowest quartile level was 4.948 （95%CI 2.528～9.686，P<0.05）.However，in the Uygur and Kazakhs，there is no correlation between the concentration of lipoprotein a and the occurrence of acute ischemic stroke in young people.Conclusion The concentration of plasma lipoprotein a is associated with the occurrence of acute ischemic stroke in young people in Xinjiang. Further exploring the ethnic differences in the correlation，it is found that the plasma lipoprotein a concentration is closely related to the occurrence of acute ischemic stroke in the Han youth，and there is no correlation between the Uyghur and Kazakh youths.