Background: Histopathological examination of skin tissue plays an important role in the diagnosis of dermatological diseases; however, data on surgically excised skin specimens remain limited in Mongolia. Aim: To classify benign and malignant tumors based on histopathological findings of surgically excised skin tissue specimens, determine surgical margin status, and evaluate the age and sex distribution of these conditions. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted using data on surgically excised tissue specimens collected in the outpatient department of the National Dermatology Center between January 2023 and March 2026. A total of 361 patients were identified. Four cases with indeterminate histopathological diagnoses were excluded, leaving 357 patients for final analysis. Data on age, sex, diagnosis, and surgical margin status were collected and analyzed on Microsoft Excel programm. Histopathological diagnoses were classified as benign or malignant tumors. Associations between categorical variables were assessed using the chi-square test, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Among 357 patients, 135 (37.8%) were male and 222 (62.2%) were female, with a mean age of 41.8 years. The 20–39-year age group accounted for the largest proportion of cases (39.5%). Histopathological examination showed that 326 cases (91.32%) were benign and 31 cases (8.68%) were malignant. Among benign tumors, melanocytic nevus was the most common diagnosis, while basal cell carcinoma was the most common malignant tumor. The frequency of malignant tumors increased significantly with age (p < 0.001). Patients aged ≥60 years had significantly higher odds of malignancy compared with younger patients (OR = 8.19, 95% CI: 3.79–17.69). Malignant lesions were significantly more likely to have positive (involved) surgical margins than benign lesions. Conclusion Most surgically excised skin tissue specimens were benign; however, the likelihood of malignancy increased significantly with age. Surgical margin assessment is clinically important for improving prognosis, reducing the risk of recurrence, and guiding treatment management.

Background: Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare, benign disorder of non-Langerhans cell histiocytic origin with an unknown etiology, which can affect the skin and other organ systems. The incidence in the United States is approximately 1:200,000. In Mongolia, four cases have been registered over the past five years under the ICD-10 code D76.0. Case presentation: A 59-year-old female patient initially presented to the Dermatology Department of the National Center for Dermatology with clustered, elevated lesions on the medial aspect of the right thigh, including papules, plaques, and nodules of round to oval shape. Additionally, multiple erythematous macules and papules were observed on both lower legs. For diagnostic purposes, a histopathological examination was performed, revealing histiocytes with abundant cytoplasm and lymphocytes within the cytoplasm (emperipolesis). The diagnosis was confirmed based on dermoscopic and immunohistochemical findings. Management: The patient was referred to the Mongolian-Japanese Hospital of MNUMS, where the remaining nodular lesions were surgically excised in the surgical department. Further follow-up was referred to a hematologist. Computed tomography (CT) imaging was recommended. Cutaneous-limited RDD may resolve spontaneously in some cases; however, when multiple organ systems are involved or when associated forms are present, referral to hematology and oncology specialists for systemic therapy is required. Conclusion It is important to differentiate this disease from other dermatological conditions presented with macules, papules, and nodules through clinical evaluation, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and dermoscopic examination.

Background: Melanoma is a malignant tumor arising from melanocytes and represents the most aggressive form of skin cancer, characterized by rapid progression and a high risk of metastasis. Lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM), a subtype of melanoma, typically develops on chronically sun-exposed skin of the face and neck in elderly individuals and accounts for approximately 10–15% of all cutaneous melanomas. Major risk factors for LMM include ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure, advanced age, fair skin phenotype, genetic predisposition, and the presence of multiple melanocytic nevi or pigmented lesions. The diagnosis of LMM is established through clinical evaluation, histopathological examination, and immunohistochemical analysis. Surgical excision remains the gold standard of treatment. Case Presentation A 57-year-old female presented to the Department of Dermatologic Surgery and Aesthetic Reconstruction at the National Center for Dermatology with a progressively enlarging pigmented lesion on her right cheek. According to the patient’s history, the lesion had been present for more than 10 years and had gradually increased in size. The lesion was surgically excised, and the diagnosis of lentigo maligna melanoma was confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. This case aims to highlight the diagnostic approach and appropriate management of LMM, with particular emphasis on the effectiveness of surgical treatment.

There are a lot of influencing factors of facial nerve palsy; experts believe that is most likely caused by a Virus (54%) and Bacterial infections. Noninfectious causes of facial nerve palsy induce tumors (28%) and less commonly influences head trauma (18%). The retrospective analysis of WHO, in 2012. There are some cases of postoperative complication in middle ear surgery is facial nerve palsy and the total recovery outcome of function was not good. From 2013 to 2016 in EMJJ hospital, Mongolia, we enrolled 16 cases with facial nerve damaged in intratympanic canal but we could not recruit some patients with facial palsy over 6 months. Each subject was tested with pure tone test, ABR, Tympanometry. These were performed for the detection of hearing loss after Temporal bone injury. Then we also investigated location of facial nerve damages of patients by MRI and CT before reconstructive surgery. After that surgery, all patients were given corticosteroid treatment (20mg/day) and physical therapy performed such as acupuncture for a week. Study results revealed that 6 cases after 18 days, 2 cases after 30 days, 1 patient after 45 days of reconstructive surgery regained good symmetry. Therefore, we considered that, postoperative treatments like physical therapy with B12, steroid had good benefits for operation result and to shorten the recovery time. There was a patient who had damaged facial nerve in the tympanic segment during Mastoidectomy. In that case, we performed cable nerve grafting using the r.auricularismagnium but we could not recover facial nerve function. Traumatic facial nerve paralysis is the second most common type. We discussed that performing reconstruction surgery within first 3 months after intratemporal facial nerve injury is extremely desirable and more effective. In our opinion, nerve recovery might be not successfully cause of injured myelin sheet of facial nerve during middle ear surgery.

Abstract To study adverse drug reactions registered in 2010-2012 in Mongolia. This study has descriptive design. 280 yellow forms for recording adverse drug reaction, which were registered by the Drug assurance department of the Department of Health-Implementing Agency of the Government, were used. Yellow forms were from 2010- 2012. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS 17.0. More than half of cases (51%) of drug adverse reaction were in people over 41 years old. Psychotropic medications and antibiotics were the most drugs with adverse reaction having 31.1% and 27.1% respectively. The common adverse reactions were dysfunctions of central nervous system (38.6%), skin rashes (22.5%), dysfunctions of digestive system (11.1%), allergic reactions (7.9%) and other symptoms (15.5%). In 4% of cases the symptoms were not described. Countries of production of medications causing drug reactions were Russia in 26.1%, China 13.2%, Моngolia 12.2%, India 11.4%, Indonesia 3.2% and other countries in 15.3%. In 18.6% the country was not recorded. In 18.9%, 16.4% and 9.6% of reactions were from tablets, intramuscular injections and drippings. The forms filled in by the patients in 31% did not have their names, and in 48% there were no records on reasons for taking medicines. Conclusion Psychotropic medications and antibiotics were the most drugs with adverse reaction. The common adverse reactions were dysfunctions of central nervous system, skin rashes and dysfunctions of digestive. Adverse drug reactions were identified insufficiently and forms for recording the adverse reactions were filled incompletely and incorrectly.