Background: Hypokalemia is considered when the serum potassium level is less than 3.5 mmol/L. Clinical research indicates that hypokalemia affects 20% of hospitalized patients, and in 24% of these cases, inadequate interventions result in life-threatening complications. At present, there is no research available on the prevalence, management, and outcomes of hypokalemia in hospitalized patients, which justifies the need for this study. Aim: The study aimed to examine the prevalence of hypokalemia and the effectiveness of its management in hospitalized patients within the internal medicine department, in relation to the knowledge of doctors and resident physicians. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based retrospective study included a total of 553 cases of patients hospitalized in the Internal Medicine Department of the Mongolia Japan Hospital between January 2024 and August 2024. Patients with a potassium level of <3.5 mmol/L were diagnosed with hypokalemia, and the effectiveness of potassium replacement therapy was evaluated according to the method of supplementation employed. Results: The prevalence of hypokalemia among hospitalized patients in the Internal Medicine Department was 9.8% (54 cases). Based on the study criteria, 42 cases of hypokalemia were selected for further analysis, and a total of 118 potassium replacements were performed through oral, intravenous, and mixed methods. Following potassium replacement therapy, 37.3% (44) of patients achieved normalized potassium levels, while 62.7% (74) still had persistent hypokalemia. Conclusion According to the study results, the prevalence of hypokalemia among hospitalized patients in the Internal Medicine Department is 9.8%. The method of potassium replacement and the severity of hypokalemia do not impact the normalization of potassium levels, with the critical factor being the proper dosage of supplementation. The knowledge of doctors and resident physicians regarding hypokalemia is insufficient, and there is a need to implement guidelines and protocols for potassium replacement therapy in daily clinical practice.

Background: Spine diseases, back pain, curvature, and intervertebral disorders are increasing among the population of Mongolia. According to a study of diseases covering 195 countries of the world in 1990-2016, spine disease ranked third among non-communicable diseases. However, at present, very little research has been done on the prevalence of spinal diseases among the population of Mongolia. Research goal: Detecting the location of spinal pain in patients with back pain, curvature and other pains who visited “Altanmed” hospital. Research methods: The study was conducted in a hospital setting using a snapshot survey method. From January 1, 2021, to January 1, 2022, a total of 2,210 patients were examined and treated at “Altanmed” hospital, of which 560 therapists were randomly selected from patients over 18 years old and participated in the study. Subjects were asked to complete a questionnaire and rate their pain on a 0-10 scale. Conclusion
1. 69.8% (n=391) of 560 patients who came to “Altanmed” hospital with back pain were lumbar and lower back pain.
2. 74.4% (n=291) or the majority has lumbar and lower back pain among patients aged 31-50. Of the 391 clients with lower back pain, 11.5% or 45 had mild (pain score 1-3), 52.9% (n=207) moderate (pain score 4-6), and 35.5% (n=139) severe pain (pain score 7-10), and the groups differ with statistical probability (p<0.01).
3. Regarding the duration of pain, 8.4% (n=33) had acute pain up to the last 3 months, and the remaining 91.6% had chronic back pain. The average pain scale was 5.76 (SD±1.8).

Background: The basics of the development of the Traditional Medicine (TM) in the XXI century are to study medical books created by physicians of the early period; and need to scientific - based understanding the concepts in those scripts. Goals: To investigate the physical properties and the composition of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (FA) sesame oil which used the symptoms of the wind humor root diseases (the symbolic terminology in TM) comparing with some vegetable oils or seed oils. Materials and methods: We are used “The Instruction Tantra” of “The Quintessence Tantras”, “The Golden Decoration” (གསེར་རྒྱན།) of Darma maaramba Luvsanchoidog which is the explanation scripts of “The Instruction Tantra”. The research was conducted through the method of original manuscript analysis, the comparison method, induction and deduction method. Results: The sesame oil has the saturated FA (14.2%) and unsaturated FA (81.4%) and which approximately amount with the olive oil (13.8%; 83.5%), sunflower oil (9.7%; 87.4%), corn oil (12.9%; 82.3%), soybean oil (15.6%; 80.5%). Conclusions Sesame oil has saturated (14.2%) and unsaturated fatty acids (81.4%); and has been used for the treatment of wind humor such as light, mobile, non-oily, cool nature – external characteristics of body in Ancient Indian Ayurvedic Medicine. We can be substitute olive oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, soybean oil which have rich of the amount of unsaturated FA (especially high level of mono and poly unsaturated FA) instead of the sesame oil in the treatment.