Automatic classification of medical questions is of great significance in improving the quality and efficiency of online medical services, and belongs to the task of intent recognition. Joint entity recognition and intent recognition perform better than single task models. Currently, most publicly available medical text intent recognition datasets lack entity annotation, and manual annotation of these entities requires a lot of time and manpower. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a medical text classification model, bidirectional encoder representation based on transformer-recurrent convolutional neural network-entity-label-semantics (BRELS), which integrates medical entity label semantics. This model firstly utilizes an adaptive fusion mechanism to absorb prior knowledge of medical entity labels, achieving local feature enhancement. Then in global feature extraction, a lightweight recurrent convolutional neural network (LRCNN) is used to suppress parameter growth while preserving the original semantics of the text. The ablation and comparison experiments are conducted on three public medical text intent recognition datasets to validate the performance of the model. The results show that F1 score reaches 87.34%, 81.71%, and 77.74% on each dataset, respectively. The results show that the BRELS model can effectively identify and understand medical terminology, thereby effectively identifying users' intentions, which can improve the quality and efficiency of online medical services.
Semantics ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Humans ; Natural Language Processing

Objective:To compare the differences in chemical compositions before and after processing by different processing methods; To optimize the processing method of Atractylodes lancea Rhizoma.Methods:Atractylodes lancea Rhizoma was processed by stir-frying with bran and treating with rice washing water. The volatile and non-volatile components of raw Atractylodes lancea Rhizoma, bran-fried Atractylodes lancea Rhizoma and rice washing water treated Atractylodes lancea Rhizome were qualitatively analyzed by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS), and the differences in chemical composition before and after processing were compared.Results:The volatile components of the three different products were determined to have 18 common components, such as agarospirol, β-eudesol, etc. In addition, 86 non-volatile components were determined. The peak area response value of atractylodin, the index component prescribed by pharmacopoeia, decreased after processing, but there was little difference in bran stir-frying and rice-washed water frying.Conclusions:Different processing methods have certain effects on the chemical composition of Atractylodes lancea Rhizoma. Among them, the bran-frying method is superior in improving the quality of preparations, reducing production costs and improving production efficiency. The bran-fried product can be used as raw material for preparation production.

Objective : To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) of PROS1 gene and recurrent spontaneous abortion(RSA) in Baotou Han population. Methods : 158 RSA patients and 158 control subjects were selected as the study subjects, and the activities of protein S, protein C and antithrombin-Ⅲ were measured. The rs13062355, rs6441600 and rs12634349 loci of PROS1 gene were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP). Non-conditional Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between three SNPs of PROS1 gene and the risk of RSA. Results : The protein S and antithrombin-Ⅲ activities of RSA patients decreased significantly(P<0.05). PROS1 SNP rs13062355 was associated with the risk of RSA under the dominant model: compared with genotype TT, patients with CT+CC genotypes had a reduced risk of RSA(OR=0.398, 95%CI: 0.249-0.638); SNP rs6441600 and rs12634349 were not associated with the risk of RSA(P>0.05). In the haplotypes constructed by PROS1 rs13062355, rs6441600 and rs12634349, Haplotype C-C-C was statistically different between the two groups(P<0.05). The third-order interaction model rs13062355-rs6441600-rs12634349 was associated with the risk of RSA. Conclusion PROS1 SNP rs13062355 may be associated with the risk of RSA in Han women in Baotou area. Haplotype C-C-C of PROS1 rs13062355, rs6441600 and rs12634349 reduces the risk of RSA. The third-order model rs13062355-rs6441600-rs12634349 interaction has a synergistic effect on the occurrence of RSA.

BACKGROUND:Linagliptin exhibits the capacity to regulate macrophage polarization,shifting them from the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype towards the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. This alteration results in a dampened release of inflammatory mediators,thereby mitigating local inflammation.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of linagliptin on macrophage polarization,osteoclast activation,and inflammatory osteolysis elicited by wear particles.METHODS:(1) Cell experiments:For macrophage polarization,RAW264.7 cells were cultured and divided into four groups:the control group received high-glucose culture medium;the M1-induced group received M1-inducing culture medium (high-glucose culture medium containing 100 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide and 20 ng/mL interferon-γ) to simulate an inflammatory environment;the low-and high-dose linagliptin groups were treated with 50 and 200 nmol/L linagliptin,respectively,for 4 hours before exposure to M1-inducing culture medium. After 24 hours of macrophage polarization induction,immunofluorescence staining and RT-PCR were performed. For osteoclast activation,RAW264.7 cells were cultured and divided into four groups:the control group was cultured with high-glucose culture medium,the osteoclast-induced group and low-and high-dose linagliptin groups were subjected to osteoclast induction. After osteoclast formation,cells were treated with linagliptin (50 and 200 nmol/L) for 3 days. Subsequently,cell tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and RT-PCR were performed. (2) Animal experiments:Twenty-four male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups:sham operation group,model group,low-dose linagliptin group,and high-dose linagliptin group. The model group,low-dose linagliptin group,and high-dose linagliptin group were induced to establish a cranial bone resorption model by injecting titanium particle suspension onto the surface of the skull. Starting from the 2nd day after modeling,the low-and high-dose linagliptin groups were orally administered linagliptin (2 and 10 mg/kg,respectively) once daily. After modeling for 3 weeks,serum macrophage polarization marker protein and inflammatory factor levels were detected;skull samples were collected for micro-CT scanning,bone parameter analysis,and hematoxylin-eosin staining to evaluate osteolysis and morphological changes.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Cell experiments:Both low and high doses of linagliptin significantly suppressed M1 polarization while promoting M2 polarization compared to the M1-induced group (P<0.01). Notably,the high-dose group exhibited a more pronounced inhibitory effect (P<0.01). Inflammatory factor mRNA expression was elevated in the M1-induced group compared with the control group (P<0.01),whereas inflammatory factor mRNA expression was significantly lower in the low-and high-dose linagliptin groups compared with the M1-induced group (P<0.01). There was a significant upregulation of mRNA expression of osteoclast functional markers in the osteoclast-induced group compared with the control group (P<0.01). Conversely,both low and high doses of linagliptin led to a substantial downregulation of mRNA expression of these markers compared with the osteoclast-induced group (P<0.01),with the high-dose group exhibiting a more pronounced reduction. (2) Animal experiments:Titanium particle implantation induced cranial bone resorption damage in mice. Treatment with linagliptin effectively mitigated this bone resorption,with the high-dose group showing superior efficacy. To conclude,linagliptin has been shown to modulate macrophage polarization,inhibit osteoclast activation,and have a protective effect on the skeletal system.

Objective To evaluate the potential of the BIBP-H fluorescent probe in the detection of the oxidative stress levels after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(CIRI).Methods In vitro,the potential of BIBP-H probe was in detection of oxidative stress was first assessed with fluorescence imaging in rat neuroblastoma(B104)cells after L-glutamic acid stimulation.And then,the effects of edaravone and dexborneol(EDA)and glutathione(GSH)pretreatment on the fluorescence intensity were evaluated.Later,a totally of 28 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into four groups:transient middle cerebral artery occlusion(tMCAO)group,EDA+tMCAO group,GSH+tMCAO group,and sham group.After 1.5 h ischemia and 12 h reperfusion,the mice were treated with BIBP-H via tail vein injection.In vivo,ex vivo,and tissue fluorescence imaging were utilized to evaluate the probe's cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury(CIRI).Results ① BIBP-H probe did not exhibit fluorescence signals in cultured B104 cells,but showed red fluorescence in B104 cells treated with L-glutamic acid.The signals significantly decreased when pretreated with EDA or GSH.② Both the sham-operated mice intravenously injected with the BIBP-H probe and the tMCAO mice without injection of the probe showed negative results in in vivo fluorescence imaging.③ tMCAO mice treated with BIBP-H exhibited red fluorescence signals in the ischemic hemisphere in vivo,with significantly reduced fluorescence intensity after EDA or GSH infusion during reperfusion ④ The fluorescence area examined with BIBP-H was consistent the cerebral infarction area detected with triphenyltertrazolium.Conclusions The BIBP-H probe effectively monitored oxidative stress levels both in vivo and in vitro,demonstrating its potential in CIRI detection.

OBJECTIVE To establish a interview outline design process and quality control evaluation method based on grounded theory,providing ideas for qualitative research interview outline design in medical fields.METHODS A literature review was conducted to understand the current research status;a preliminary interview outline was developed around the research content.The triangulation method,group evaluation,expert review and pre-interview were adopted to execute the interview outline and conduct quality control.The evaluation indicators and target values were formulated(an average score for the overall quality evaluation of all indicators ≥4.5,and an average score for individual indicators ≥ 4.00)to evaluate the effect of the interview outline.Taking the research on the mechanism of physicians'prescribing behavior under the background of Diagnosis Related Groups(DRGs)payment as an example,the methodological contents of above interview outline were applied in practical research.RESULTS The interview outline included basic information and interview questions.The interview questions were divided into three parts:influencing factors survey,promoting and hindering factors of standardizing physician prescription behavior,and communication,with a total of 12 questions.After being reviewed by members of the research group,experts review and pre-interview,a total of 9 people participated in the quality control evaluation of the interview outline.The overall evaluation score was 4.94(＞4.50),and the average score of each indicator was greater than 4.00,indicating that the quality of the outline met the requirements for the interview and could be used for the formal interview.CONCLUSIONS The established interview outline design and quality control method based on grounded theory provides ideas for the qualitative research interview outline design in the medical field,and lays the foundation for further using grounded theory to study the influencing factors and mechanisms of physician prescription behavior under the DRG background.

BACKGROUND:Linagliptin exhibits the capacity to regulate macrophage polarization,shifting them from the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype towards the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. This alteration results in a dampened release of inflammatory mediators,thereby mitigating local inflammation.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of linagliptin on macrophage polarization,osteoclast activation,and inflammatory osteolysis elicited by wear particles.METHODS:(1) Cell experiments:For macrophage polarization,RAW264.7 cells were cultured and divided into four groups:the control group received high-glucose culture medium;the M1-induced group received M1-inducing culture medium (high-glucose culture medium containing 100 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide and 20 ng/mL interferon-γ) to simulate an inflammatory environment;the low-and high-dose linagliptin groups were treated with 50 and 200 nmol/L linagliptin,respectively,for 4 hours before exposure to M1-inducing culture medium. After 24 hours of macrophage polarization induction,immunofluorescence staining and RT-PCR were performed. For osteoclast activation,RAW264.7 cells were cultured and divided into four groups:the control group was cultured with high-glucose culture medium,the osteoclast-induced group and low-and high-dose linagliptin groups were subjected to osteoclast induction. After osteoclast formation,cells were treated with linagliptin (50 and 200 nmol/L) for 3 days. Subsequently,cell tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and RT-PCR were performed. (2) Animal experiments:Twenty-four male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups:sham operation group,model group,low-dose linagliptin group,and high-dose linagliptin group. The model group,low-dose linagliptin group,and high-dose linagliptin group were induced to establish a cranial bone resorption model by injecting titanium particle suspension onto the surface of the skull. Starting from the 2nd day after modeling,the low-and high-dose linagliptin groups were orally administered linagliptin (2 and 10 mg/kg,respectively) once daily. After modeling for 3 weeks,serum macrophage polarization marker protein and inflammatory factor levels were detected;skull samples were collected for micro-CT scanning,bone parameter analysis,and hematoxylin-eosin staining to evaluate osteolysis and morphological changes.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Cell experiments:Both low and high doses of linagliptin significantly suppressed M1 polarization while promoting M2 polarization compared to the M1-induced group (P<0.01). Notably,the high-dose group exhibited a more pronounced inhibitory effect (P<0.01). Inflammatory factor mRNA expression was elevated in the M1-induced group compared with the control group (P<0.01),whereas inflammatory factor mRNA expression was significantly lower in the low-and high-dose linagliptin groups compared with the M1-induced group (P<0.01). There was a significant upregulation of mRNA expression of osteoclast functional markers in the osteoclast-induced group compared with the control group (P<0.01). Conversely,both low and high doses of linagliptin led to a substantial downregulation of mRNA expression of these markers compared with the osteoclast-induced group (P<0.01),with the high-dose group exhibiting a more pronounced reduction. (2) Animal experiments:Titanium particle implantation induced cranial bone resorption damage in mice. Treatment with linagliptin effectively mitigated this bone resorption,with the high-dose group showing superior efficacy. To conclude,linagliptin has been shown to modulate macrophage polarization,inhibit osteoclast activation,and have a protective effect on the skeletal system.

Objective To evaluate the potential of the BIBP-H fluorescent probe in the detection of the oxidative stress levels after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(CIRI).Methods In vitro,the potential of BIBP-H probe was in detection of oxidative stress was first assessed with fluorescence imaging in rat neuroblastoma(B104)cells after L-glutamic acid stimulation.And then,the effects of edaravone and dexborneol(EDA)and glutathione(GSH)pretreatment on the fluorescence intensity were evaluated.Later,a totally of 28 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into four groups:transient middle cerebral artery occlusion(tMCAO)group,EDA+tMCAO group,GSH+tMCAO group,and sham group.After 1.5 h ischemia and 12 h reperfusion,the mice were treated with BIBP-H via tail vein injection.In vivo,ex vivo,and tissue fluorescence imaging were utilized to evaluate the probe's cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury(CIRI).Results ① BIBP-H probe did not exhibit fluorescence signals in cultured B104 cells,but showed red fluorescence in B104 cells treated with L-glutamic acid.The signals significantly decreased when pretreated with EDA or GSH.② Both the sham-operated mice intravenously injected with the BIBP-H probe and the tMCAO mice without injection of the probe showed negative results in in vivo fluorescence imaging.③ tMCAO mice treated with BIBP-H exhibited red fluorescence signals in the ischemic hemisphere in vivo,with significantly reduced fluorescence intensity after EDA or GSH infusion during reperfusion ④ The fluorescence area examined with BIBP-H was consistent the cerebral infarction area detected with triphenyltertrazolium.Conclusions The BIBP-H probe effectively monitored oxidative stress levels both in vivo and in vitro,demonstrating its potential in CIRI detection.

OBJECTIVE To establish a method for the determination of propofol concentration in human plasma and apply it in patients with lymphedema. METHODS The concentration of propofol was determined by UPLC-MS/MS after protein precipitation of plasma samples using thymol as internal standard. The sample was eluted on a Kinetex C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile （A）-water （B） for gradient elution at the flow rate of 200 μL/min. The sample size was 5 μL， and the column temperature was set at 40 ℃. The sample chamber temperature was 15 ℃. Using multi-reaction monitoring mode， the ion pairs for quantitative analysis were m/z 177.0→161.2 （propofol） and m/z 149.0→133.1 （internal standard）， respectively. The above method was used to determine the plasma concentration of propofol in 6 patients with lymphedema. RESULTS The linear range of propofol was 50-5 000 ng/mL （r＝0.995 0）. RSDs of within- and between-batch precision were not more than 8.08%； no endogenous interference， carryover effect， or dilution effect was observed in blank plasma. The extraction recovery ranged from 89.80% to 93.73%， and matrix effects were within the range of 97.93%-101.73%. RSDs of the stability test were all lower than 3.27%. During intraoperative TCI 2-30 min， the plasma concentration of propofol in 6 patients was maintained in the range of 1 865.3-6 056.2 ng/mL， and the propofol was almost excreted within 4-8 h after operation. CONCLUSIONS The established UPLC-MS/MS method in this study can achieve the determination of propofol and a simple and fast sample pretreatment process without derivatization； it is proved to be suitable for the concentration monitoring of propofol in plasma samples of patients with lymphedema.

Objectives: . The annual prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is increasing, and the lack of effective treatments imposes a substantial burden on both patients and society. The formation of nasal polyps in patients with CRS is closely related to tissue remodeling, which is largely driven by the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). MicroRNA (miRNA) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases through the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network; however, the specific mechanism of the miRNAs involved in the formation of nasal polyps remains unclear. Methods: . The expression of EMT markers and Smad3 were detected using western blots, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. Differentially expressed genes in nasal polyps and normal tissues were screened through the Gene Expression Omnibus database. To predict the target genes of miR-145-5p, three different miRNA target prediction databases were used. The migratory ability of cells was evaluated using cell migration assay and wound healing assays. Results: . miR-145-5p was associated with the EMT process and was significantly downregulated in nasal polyp tissues. In vitro experiments revealed that the downregulation of miR-145-5p promoted EMT. Conversely, increasing miR-145-5p levels reversed the EMT induced by transforming growth factor-β1. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that miR-145-5p targets Smad3. Subsequent experiments confirmed that miR-145-5p inhibits Smad3 expression. Conclusion . Overall, miR-145-5p is a promising target to inhibit nasal polyp formation, and the findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for nanoparticle-mediated miR-145-5p delivery for the treatment of nasal polyps.