Background: The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) is a modular, multidimensional instrument designed to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years. It encompasses both child self-report and parent proxy-report formats and includes generic as well as disease-specific modules, enabling comprehensive HRQoL assessment across healthy and clinical pediatric populations. In Mongolia, gastrointestinal (GI) disorders represent the second leading cause of morbidity among children aged 10 to 14 years. The assessment of HRQoL in children with GI disorders — particularly those with chronic conditions — is of considerable importance for clinicians and researchers in conducting epidemiological surveillance, monitoring treatment outcomes, and evaluating findings from clinical trials. Aim: To translate the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory–Gastrointestinal Symptoms Module Standard Form (PedsQL™-GI version standard form) into Mongolian and to evaluate its internal consistency reliability. Materials and Methods: The PedsQL™-GI version standard form was selected for translation following written authorization from the original developers. The bilingual forward translation was conducted by a team comprising a professional linguist and a pediatrician with 15 years of clinical experience and academic proficiency in English, adhering to the developer-provided translation protocol. The preliminary Mongolian version was subsequently reviewed by a senior pediatrician with 25 years of professional experience and academic English, with particular attention to medical terminology accuracy and linguistic equivalence. A separate bilingual team — consisting of a second linguist and a pediatrician — then performed the backward translation into English. A small-group expert panel comprising the back-translation team and the research investigators convened to review discrepancies and finalize the English reconciled version, which was submitted to the original developers for approval before the official release of the Mongolian version. To evaluate the internal consistency reliability of the Mongolian version, the instrument was administered to 25 children aged 8–12 years and 25 adolescents aged 13 years and above, along with their respective caregivers. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0, employing the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Results: The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the total instrument was α=0.96, indicating excellent internal consistency reliability. Test-retest reliability, assessed using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, yielded ICC=0.79, demonstrating satisfactory measurement stability over repeated administrations. Conclusions 1. The overall semantic equivalence of the Mongolian version was 97.8%, and 96% of cognitive interview participants rated the questionnaire as “understandable” indicating that the clinical content and conceptual integrity of the original instrument were fully preserved throughout the translation process. 2. A total of 37 adaptation instances were identified during the translation process, encompassing six categories of linguistic and cross-cultural localization: age-appropriate modification, conversion of medical terminology into everyday language, linguistic and cultural adaptation, synonymous substitution, elaboration, and condensation. These adaptations collectively enhanced the content validity of the instrument. 3. The Mongolian version demonstrated excellent internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha α=0.96) and satisfactory test-retest reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ICC=0.79), both fully meeting international psychometric standards. These findings confirm that the instrument constitutes a reliable tool for assessing health-related quality of life in Mongolian children with chronic gastrointestinal disorders.

Background. Low back pain is a frequently encountered symptom. Although 70-80% of the entirepopulation have low back pain complaints in their lives, only 2-4% of them require surgical intervention.’Department of Neurosurgery, Shastin 3rd Central Hospital about 200 patients who undergo back surgery,while 90% of patients who have prolapsed lumbar disc surgery from 2010 to 2012. There are variousstudies indicating that exercise improves pain and disability in chronic low back pain and in those whohave had surgery. The main objectives of the postoperative rehabilitation programmes are to accelerateand maximize function recovery as much as possible, and to prevent further injury by restricting theprogression of degenerative changes. We evaluated the effectiveness of rehabilitation treatments thatare used in our department which is the first time in our country.Goal. To evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation after lumbar discectomy.Materials and Method. We examined 83 patients were included the Shastin central hospital, Departmentof neurosurgery and rehabilitation after lumbar discectomy at a single level and operated in the periodfrom May 15, 2013 to September 15, 2014. All patients were evaluated at the beginning and at theend of treatment by Oswestry Disability Index which is a specific functional questionnaire for back pain.Pretreatment values are one month after surgery and posttreatment values three months after surgery.All patients received the intensity specific exercise and back school education programme 3 days aweek for eight weeks.Results. All patients pain intensity are reduced after treatment evaluated by VAS (p<0.000). Functionalability had significantly increased after treatment which is evaluated by Oswestry Disability Index in allpatients (p<0.000). 46 from all patients had minimal disability before treatment and this number wasincreased in to 79 after treatment. The number of moderate and severe disabled patients ability wasincreased after treatment.Conclusion: Back school education and specific exercise programme should be one of the parts oftreatment after lumbar discectomy. After treatment was increased functional ability and early painrelief.