Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening multiple-organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection and is the leading cause of death in non-cardiac intensive care facilities. Early reliable prediction of sepsis outcomes leads to cost-efficient resource allocation and therapeutic strategies. However, there are still no reliable markers to predict the outcome of patients at the initial stage of sepsis. Analyzing transcription profiles enables researchers to predict early outcomes using transcripts and their expression patterns. Transcriptomic profiling of septic patients has been done recently; however, analysis of prognostic outcomes is still scarce. Objective: This study aimed to determine transcriptional indicators that may be useful in the prognosis of the severity of sepsis. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of Filipino patients admitted for sepsis at the national tertiary referral hospital in Manila, Philippines. We conducted differentially expressed gene analysis, network analyses, and area under the curve study of publicly available datasets of surviving vs. non-surviving sepsis patients to identify candidate prognosticator markers. Quantitative PCR was used to characterize the expression of each marker. A model using ordinal logistic regression analysis was done to determine which among the markers can best predict the outcome of sepsis severity. Results: We identified ACTB, RAC1, STAT3, and UBQLN1 as candidate mRNA prognosticators. The expression of STAT3, a gene involved in immunosuppression, is inversely correlated with the severity of sepsis. Conclusion Transcriptomic markers such as STAT3 can predict the severity of patients with sepsis. Early detection of its inverse expression may prompt early and more aggressive management of patients.
sepsis ; STAT3 ; data mining ; transcriptomics

OBJECTIVE: To explore the rules of acupoint selection for aphasia treated with acupuncture and moxibustion using data mining technology. METHODS: From January 1, 2000 to April 1, 2022, the articles for clinical researches of acupuncture and moxibustion for aphasia published in CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, EMbase were searched. Using Microsoft Excel 2021, the database was set up to analyze the use frequency of acupoint, meridian tropism, acupoint distribution and the use of specific points. SPSS26.0 was adopted for factor analysis, SPSS Modeler 18.0 was for association rule analysis of prescriptions, and Gephi 0.9.5 was to plot the co-occurrence network diagrams of acupoints and meridians. RESULTS: A total of 140 articles were collated, including 146 acupuncture and moxibustion prescriptions and 189 acupoints. The total use frequency of these acupoints was 1 211. Lianquan (CV 23), Jinjin (EX-HN 12), Yuye (EX-HN 13), Baihui (GV 20) and Yamen (GV 15) were the top 5 acupoints of the high use frequency for aphasia treated with acupuncture and moxibustion. Among 189 acupoints collected, the extra points and empirical points were mostly selected. The top 3 involved meridians were the governor vessel, the gallbladder meridian of foot-shaoyang and the conception vessel. These acupoints were mostly distributed on the head, face and neck region. The use frequency of five-shu points was the highest among the specific points. The acupoint combinations of high frequency referred to Yuye (EX-HN 13)-Jinjin (EX-HN 12), Yuye (EX-HN 13)-Lianquan (CV 23)-Jinjin (EX-HN 12), and Fengchi (GB 20)-Yuye (EX-HN 13)-Jinjin (EX-HN 12). Factor analysis extracted 10 common factors for acupoint compatibility in treatment of aphasia with acupuncture and moxibustion. CONCLUSION In clinical treatment of aphasia with acupuncture and moxibustion, the local acupoints are preferred. The core acupoints include Lianquan (CV 23), Jinjin (EX-HN 12), Yuye (EX-HN 13), Baihui (GV 20) and Yamen (GV 15). The acupoint prescription is modified flexibly according to syndrome differentiation to enhance the therapeutic effect.
Humans ; Moxibustion ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Meridians ; Data Mining ; Aphasia/therapy*

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the acupoint selection rules of acupuncture and moxibustion for post-stroke epilepsy by data mining technology. METHODS: The literature regarding acupuncture and moxibustion for post-stroke epilepsy included in CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, SinoMed and PubMed databases from the establishment of the database to August 1st 2022 was retrieved. Microsoft Excel 2019 software was used to establish a database to conduct the descriptive analysis of acupoints; SPSS Modeler 18.0 Apriori algorithm was used to conduct association rule analysis; high-frequency acupoint co-occurrence network diagrams were drawn by Cytoscape3.9.0 software; SPSS Statistics 25.0 software was used to perform hierarchical cluster analysis on high-frequency acupoints and a tree diagram was drawn. RESULTS: Totally 39 articles were included, and 63 prescriptions of acupuncture and moxibustion were extracted, involving 56 acupoints, with a total frequency of 516 times; the top three acupoints with the highest frequency of use were Baihui (GV 20), Fenglong (ST 40) and Neiguan (PC 6); the selected meridians were mainly the governor vessel, the hand and foot yangming meridians; the selection of acupoints were mostly in the head, neck and lower limbs; in terms of acupoint compatibility, Hegu (LI 4)-Shuigou (GV 26) and Neiguan (PC 6) had the highest confidence degree; The top 20 high-frequency acupoints could be divided into 4 effective clusters. CONCLUSION Modern acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for post-stroke epilepsy attaches great importance to the use of yang meridians and meridians with enrich qi and blood; the core prescription is Shuigou (GV 26)-Neiguan (PC 6)-Hegu (LI 4)-Baihui (GV 20). In addition, the combination of distant and near acupoints is highly valued to improve clinical efficacy.
Humans ; Moxibustion ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Stroke/therapy* ; Data Mining ; Epilepsy

Based on data mining technology, the acupoints compatibility rules of acupuncture for depression diseases were explored. The randomized controlled trial (RCT) articles regarding acupuncture for depression diseases published from establishment of database to September 2nd, 2022 were searched in CNKI database, Wangfang database, VIP database, SinoMed database, PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. The use frequency of acupoints, meridian tropism, selection of special acupoints and acupoint association rules for five common depression diseases, including primary depression, post-stroke depression, menopausal syndrome, psychoneurosis and anxiety disorder, were analyzed by Python programming language. Cytoscape software was used to analyze the acupoint association and the disease-acupoint co-occurrence network. As a result, totally 387 articles were included, and 319 acupoints prescriptions for the above five common depression diseases were extracted, involving 159 acupoints. The use frequency of acupoints was 2 574 times in total. The frequently-used acupoints were Baihui (GV 20), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Taichong (LR 3), Neiguan (PC 6), Shenmen (HT 7), Yintang (GV 24⁺), Zusanli (ST 36), Hegu (LI 4), Sishencong (EX-HN 1) and Taixi (KI 3), etc. The frequently involved meridians were the governor vessel, foot-taiyang bladder meridian, foot-taiyin spleen meridian, and foot-jueyin liver meridian. The frequency of the special acupoints from high to low was crossing points, five-shu points, yuan-primary points, back-shu points, luo-connecting points, and eight confluent points, etc, which were often used in combination with "Baihui (GV 20)-Yintang (GV 24⁺)" (the highest degree of association). At the same time, the analysis of the co-occurrence network of depression diseases and acupoints showed that the core acupoints group of acupuncture for depression diseases were Baihui (GV 20), Taichong (LR 3), Shenmen (HT 7), Zusanli (ST 36), Neiguan (PC 6) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6). In conclusion, acupuncture treatment for depression diseases has gradually formed a rule of acupoint compatibility, with special acupoint as the main body and "unblocking the governor vessel, and regulating the spirit and qi " as the main therapeutic principle.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Data Mining ; Depression ; Meridians ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

OBJECTIVES: To analyze and explore the acupoint selection rules of different staging, syndrome types, and symptoms of acupuncture for peripheral facial paralysis based on data mining. METHODS: Literature regarding acupuncture for peripheral facial paralysis was retrieved in CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, SinoMed, and PubMed from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2021. The Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Assistant Platform (V 3.0), SPSS Modeler 18.0, and Cytoscape software were used to analyze the selection of acupoints based on staging, meridian distribution of acupoints, the selection of acupoints based on syndrome types, syndrome types based on staging, and symptom-based acupoint selection. Association rule analysis was performed for each stage and major syndrome types, and co-occurrence network diagrams were generated. RESULTS: A total of 1 695 articles were included, involving 124 acupoints with a total frequency of 5 456 times. Among 1 080 articles related to staging-based acupoint selection, the acute stage had the highest acupoint use frequency (2 224 times) and number (88 acupoints). Among all stages, the acupoints of the stomach meridian of foot-yangming were most frequently used, with Dicang (ST 4)-Yangbai (GB 14) and Dicang (ST 4)-Jiache (ST 6) being the high-frequency acupoint pairs in each stage. The top four syndrome types in terms of acupoint usage frequency were wind-cold syndrome, wind-heat syndrome, qi-blood deficiency syndrome, and liver-gallbladder damp-heat syndrome. Among 521 articles combining staging with symptoms or syndrome types with symptoms for acupoint selection, the symptom "nasolabial groove becoming shallow or disappearing" had the highest frequency of occurrence. The symptoms with the highest acupoint usage frequency and number were "forehead wrinkles becoming shallow or disappearing" and "pain behind the ear" respectively. CONCLUSIONS Acupoint selection for peripheral facial paralysis primarily focuses on the yang meridians in each stage, supplemented by local acupoints and based on the pathological characteristics. Syndrome differentiation and treatment should be prioritized, combined with local acupoint selection. Clinical acupoint selection can be based on a combination of staging, syndrome types, and symptoms.
Humans ; Acupuncture Points ; Facial Paralysis/therapy* ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Meridians ; Syndrome ; Data Mining

In the digital transformation of Chinese pharmaceutical industry, how to efficiently govern and analyze industrial data and excavate the valuable information contained therein to guide the production of drug products has always been a research hotspot and application difficulty. Generally, the Chinese pharmaceutical technique is relatively extensive, and the consistency of drug quality needs to be improved. To address this problem, we proposed an optimization method combining advanced calculation tools(e.g., Bayesian network, convolutional neural network, and Pareto multi-objective optimization algorithm) with lean six sigma tools(e.g., Shewhart control chart and process performance index) to dig deeply into historical industrial data and guide the continuous improvement of pharmaceutical processes. Further, we employed this strategy to optimize the manufacturing process of sporoderm-removal Ganoderma lucidum spore powder. After optimization, we preliminarily obtained the possible interval combination of critical parameters to ensure the P_(pk) values of the critical quality properties including moisture, fineness, crude polysaccharide, and total triterpenes of the sporoderm-removal G. lucidum spore powder to be no less than 1.33. The results indicate that the proposed strategy has an industrial application value.
Bayes Theorem ; Data Mining ; Drug Industry ; Powders ; Reishi ; Spores, Fungal

The aging society has led to a substantial increase in the number of clinical comorbidities. To meet the needs of comorbidity treatment, polypharmacy is widely used in clinical practice. However, polypharmacy has drawbacks such as treatment conflict. Same treatment of different diseases refers to treating different diseases with same treatment. Therefore, the principle of same treatment of different diseases can alleviate the problems caused by polypharmacy. Under the research background of precision medicine, it becomes possible to explore the mechanism of same treatment of different diseases and achieve its clinical application. However, drugs successfully developed in the past have revealed shortcomings in clinical use. To better interpret the mechanism of precision medicine for same treatment of different diseases, under the multi-dimensional attributes including dynamic space and time, omics was performed, and a new strategy of tensor decomposition was proposed. With the characteristics of complete data, tensor decomposition is advantageous in data mining and can fully grasp the connotation of precision treatment of different diseases with same treatment under dynamic spatiotemporal changes. This method is used for drug repositioning in some biocomputations. By taking advantage of the dimensionality reduction of tensor decomposition and integrating the dual influences of time and space, this study achieved accurate target prediction of same treatment of different diseases at each stage, and discovered the mechanism of precision medicine of same treatment for different diseases, providing scientific support for precision prescription and treatment of different diseases with same treatment in clinical practice. This study thus conducted preliminary exploration of the pharmacological mechanism of precision Chinese medicine treatment.
Humans ; Data Mining ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Precision Medicine

The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) enterprises have accumulated a large amount of product quality review(PQR) data. Mining these data can reveal the hidden knowledge in production and helps improve pharmaceutical manufacturing technology. However, there are few studies involving the mining of PQR data and thus enterprises lack the guidance to analyze the data. This study proposed a method to mine the PQR data, which consisted of 4 functional modules: data collection and preprocessing, risk classification of variables, risk evaluation by batches, and the regression analysis of quality. Further, we carried out a case study of the formulation process of a TCM product to illustrate the method. In the case study, the data of 398 batches of products during 2019-2021 were collected, which contained 65 process variables. The risks of variables were classified according to the process performance index. The risk of each batch was analyzed through short-term and long-term evaluation, and the critical variables with the strongest impact on the product quality were identified by partial least square regression. The results showed that 1 variable and 13 batches were of high risk, and the critical process variable was the quality of the intermediates. The proposed method enables enterprises to comprehensively mine the PQR data and helps to enhance the process understanding and improve the quality control.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Data Mining/methods* ; Quality Control ; Technology, Pharmaceutical

Mining data from traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) prescriptions is one of the important methods for inheriting the experience of famous doctors and developing new drugs. However, current research work has problems such as to be optimized research plans and non-standard statistics. The main problems and corresponding solutions summarized by the research mainly include four aspects.(1)The research plan design needs to consider the efficacy and quality of individual cases.(2)The significance of the difference in confidence order of association rules needs to be further considered, and the lift should not be ignored.(3)The clustering analysis steps are complex. The selection of clustering variables should comprehensively consider factors such as the frequency of TCM, network topology parameters, and practical application significance. The selection of distance calculation and clustering methods should be improved based on the characteristics of TCM clinical data. Jaccard distance and its improvement plan should be given attention in the future. A single, unexplained clustering result should not be presented, but the final clustering plan should be selected based on a comprehensive consideration of TCM clinical characteristics and objective evaluation indicators for clustering.(4)When calculating correlation coefficients, algorithms that are only suitable for continuous variables should not be applied to binary variables. This article explained the connotations of the above problems based on the characteristics of TCM clinical research and statistical principles and proposed corresponding suggestions to provide important references for future data mining research work.
Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Prescriptions ; Data Mining ; Cluster Analysis ; Physicians ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use*

This study explored the prescription and medication rules of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in the prevention and treatment of diabetic microangiopathy based on literature mining. Relevant literature on TCM against diabetic microangiopathy was searched and prescriptions were collected. Microsoft Excel 2021 software was used to establish a prescription database, and an analysis was conducted on the frequency, properties, flavors, meridian tropism, and efficacy classifications of drugs. Association rule analysis, cluster analysis, and factor analysis were performed using SPSS Modeler 18.0 and SPSS Statistics 26.0 software. The characteristic active components and mechanisms of action of medium-high frequency drugs in the analysis of medication rules were explored through li-terature mining. A total of 1 327 prescriptions were included in this study, involving 411 drugs, with a total frequency reaching 19 154 times. The top five high-frequency drugs were Astragali Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Poria, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and Rehmanniae Radix. The cold and warm drugs were used in combination. Drugs were mainly sweet, followed by bitter and pungent, and acted on the liver meridian. The majority of drugs were effective in tonifying deficiency, clearing heat, activating blood, and resolving stasis. Association rule analysis identified the highly supported drug pair of Astragali Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix and the highly confident drug combination of Poria-Alismatis Rhizoma-Corni Fructus. The strongest correlation was found among Astragali Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Poria, and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma through the complex network analysis. Cluster analysis identified nine categories of drug combinations, while factor analysis identified 16 common factors. The analysis of active components in high-frequency drugs for the treatment of diabetic microangiopathy revealed that these effective components mainly exerted their effects by inhibiting oxidative stress and suppressing inflammatory reactions. The study found that the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy was primarily characterized by deficiency in origin, with a combination of deficiency and excess. Deficiency was manifested as Qi deficiency and blood deficiency, while excess as phlegm-heat and blood stasis. The key organ involved in the pathological changes was the liver. The treatment mainly focused on supplementing Qi and nourishing blood, supplemented by clearing heat, coo-ling blood, activating blood, and dredging collaterals. Commonly used formulas included Danggui Buxue Decoction, Liuwei Dihuang Pills, Erzhi Pills, and Buyang Huanwu Decoction. The mechanisms of action of high-frequency drugs in the treatment of diabetic microangiopathy were often related to the inhibition of oxidative stress and suppression of inflammatory reactions. These findings can provide references for the clinical treatment of diabetic microangiopathy and the development of targeted drugs.
Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Prescriptions ; Drug Combinations ; Diabetic Angiopathies/drug therapy* ; Data Mining ; Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy*