Purpose: The study aimed to measure the radiation-absorbed dose, effective dose, and associated risks of radiation-induced cancers during chest computed tomography (CT) imaging procedures at Square Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods: A total of 23 patients were examined using a 64-slice CT scanner and thermolumi nescence dosimeters. The dose-length product was recorded and converted into an equivalent effective dose using age-dependent conversion coefficients for multi-slice CT as provided by the European Guidelines. Organ doses were further converted into lifetime attributable risks (LARs) for cancer incidence and mortality based on data from the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation VII (BEIR VII) report. Results: The effective dose ranged from 3.1 millisieverts (mSv) to approximately 35.3 mSv. The mean LAR for cancer incidence was 20.6 cases per 100,000 males and 69.3 cases per 100,000 females. The LAR for cancer mortality was 21.5 cases per 100,000 males and 62.0 cases per 100,000 females. Female patients were found to face significantly higher risks than male patients. Conclusions The results highlight a noticeable increase in LAR for both cancer incidence and mortality due to chest CT examinations, particularly for female patients. These findings underscore the importance of carefully evaluating the risks associated with CT imaging procedures.

The umbilical cord lacks vasavasorum and is prone for hypoxic injuries. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) causes structural changes with in umbilical cord blood vessels. Knowledge of which would be helpful for the gynecologist and obstetricians to assess the prognosis and prevent the complications. The present study was concentrated from December 2016 to December 2019 on 50 normal and 56 GDM umbilical cords. GDM group included 23 GDM mothers managed by diet (GDM-Diet) and 33 GDM mothers managed by drugs (GDM-Drug). Placentas along with the attached umbilical cords were collected and stored in 10% formaline. Tissue processing, slide preparation and stainings were done using standard protocols.A significant reduction was observed in the number of Hoboken nodules of umbilical arteries of GDM-Diet. Reduction of myofibroblasts with an increase in the empty spaces was observed in the Wharton’s jelly of both GDM cases. Similarly, smooth muscle disintegration and migration of smooth muscles to intima was significantly higher in GDM umbilical arteries and veins than normal umbilical vessels. The total wall thickness and tunica media was significantly thicker in the umbilical arteries of GDM-Drug group only. The umbilical venous lumen was found significantly wider in GDM groups compared to normal. The elastin fibers were significantly found reduced in the tunics of umbilical arteries and veins in GDM. However, a significant difference in these parameters was not observed between the GDM-Diet and GDM-Drug groups except for total wall and tunica media thickness of umbilical arteries.

The umbilical cord lacks vasavasorum and is prone for hypoxic injuries. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) causes structural changes with in umbilical cord blood vessels. Knowledge of which would be helpful for the gynecologist and obstetricians to assess the prognosis and prevent the complications. The present study was concentrated from December 2016 to December 2019 on 50 normal and 56 GDM umbilical cords. GDM group included 23 GDM mothers managed by diet (GDM-Diet) and 33 GDM mothers managed by drugs (GDM-Drug). Placentas along with the attached umbilical cords were collected and stored in 10% formaline. Tissue processing, slide preparation and stainings were done using standard protocols.A significant reduction was observed in the number of Hoboken nodules of umbilical arteries of GDM-Diet. Reduction of myofibroblasts with an increase in the empty spaces was observed in the Wharton’s jelly of both GDM cases. Similarly, smooth muscle disintegration and migration of smooth muscles to intima was significantly higher in GDM umbilical arteries and veins than normal umbilical vessels. The total wall thickness and tunica media was significantly thicker in the umbilical arteries of GDM-Drug group only. The umbilical venous lumen was found significantly wider in GDM groups compared to normal. The elastin fibers were significantly found reduced in the tunics of umbilical arteries and veins in GDM. However, a significant difference in these parameters was not observed between the GDM-Diet and GDM-Drug groups except for total wall and tunica media thickness of umbilical arteries.

The umbilical cord lacks vasavasorum and is prone for hypoxic injuries. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) causes structural changes with in umbilical cord blood vessels. Knowledge of which would be helpful for the gynecologist and obstetricians to assess the prognosis and prevent the complications. The present study was concentrated from December 2016 to December 2019 on 50 normal and 56 GDM umbilical cords. GDM group included 23 GDM mothers managed by diet (GDM-Diet) and 33 GDM mothers managed by drugs (GDM-Drug). Placentas along with the attached umbilical cords were collected and stored in 10% formaline. Tissue processing, slide preparation and stainings were done using standard protocols.A significant reduction was observed in the number of Hoboken nodules of umbilical arteries of GDM-Diet. Reduction of myofibroblasts with an increase in the empty spaces was observed in the Wharton’s jelly of both GDM cases. Similarly, smooth muscle disintegration and migration of smooth muscles to intima was significantly higher in GDM umbilical arteries and veins than normal umbilical vessels. The total wall thickness and tunica media was significantly thicker in the umbilical arteries of GDM-Drug group only. The umbilical venous lumen was found significantly wider in GDM groups compared to normal. The elastin fibers were significantly found reduced in the tunics of umbilical arteries and veins in GDM. However, a significant difference in these parameters was not observed between the GDM-Diet and GDM-Drug groups except for total wall and tunica media thickness of umbilical arteries.

Purpose: The study aimed to measure the radiation-absorbed dose, effective dose, and associated risks of radiation-induced cancers during chest computed tomography (CT) imaging procedures at Square Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods: A total of 23 patients were examined using a 64-slice CT scanner and thermolumi nescence dosimeters. The dose-length product was recorded and converted into an equivalent effective dose using age-dependent conversion coefficients for multi-slice CT as provided by the European Guidelines. Organ doses were further converted into lifetime attributable risks (LARs) for cancer incidence and mortality based on data from the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation VII (BEIR VII) report. Results: The effective dose ranged from 3.1 millisieverts (mSv) to approximately 35.3 mSv. The mean LAR for cancer incidence was 20.6 cases per 100,000 males and 69.3 cases per 100,000 females. The LAR for cancer mortality was 21.5 cases per 100,000 males and 62.0 cases per 100,000 females. Female patients were found to face significantly higher risks than male patients. Conclusions The results highlight a noticeable increase in LAR for both cancer incidence and mortality due to chest CT examinations, particularly for female patients. These findings underscore the importance of carefully evaluating the risks associated with CT imaging procedures.

Purpose: The study aimed to measure the radiation-absorbed dose, effective dose, and associated risks of radiation-induced cancers during chest computed tomography (CT) imaging procedures at Square Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods: A total of 23 patients were examined using a 64-slice CT scanner and thermolumi nescence dosimeters. The dose-length product was recorded and converted into an equivalent effective dose using age-dependent conversion coefficients for multi-slice CT as provided by the European Guidelines. Organ doses were further converted into lifetime attributable risks (LARs) for cancer incidence and mortality based on data from the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation VII (BEIR VII) report. Results: The effective dose ranged from 3.1 millisieverts (mSv) to approximately 35.3 mSv. The mean LAR for cancer incidence was 20.6 cases per 100,000 males and 69.3 cases per 100,000 females. The LAR for cancer mortality was 21.5 cases per 100,000 males and 62.0 cases per 100,000 females. Female patients were found to face significantly higher risks than male patients. Conclusions The results highlight a noticeable increase in LAR for both cancer incidence and mortality due to chest CT examinations, particularly for female patients. These findings underscore the importance of carefully evaluating the risks associated with CT imaging procedures.

Purpose: The study aimed to measure the radiation-absorbed dose, effective dose, and associated risks of radiation-induced cancers during chest computed tomography (CT) imaging procedures at Square Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods: A total of 23 patients were examined using a 64-slice CT scanner and thermolumi nescence dosimeters. The dose-length product was recorded and converted into an equivalent effective dose using age-dependent conversion coefficients for multi-slice CT as provided by the European Guidelines. Organ doses were further converted into lifetime attributable risks (LARs) for cancer incidence and mortality based on data from the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation VII (BEIR VII) report. Results: The effective dose ranged from 3.1 millisieverts (mSv) to approximately 35.3 mSv. The mean LAR for cancer incidence was 20.6 cases per 100,000 males and 69.3 cases per 100,000 females. The LAR for cancer mortality was 21.5 cases per 100,000 males and 62.0 cases per 100,000 females. Female patients were found to face significantly higher risks than male patients. Conclusions The results highlight a noticeable increase in LAR for both cancer incidence and mortality due to chest CT examinations, particularly for female patients. These findings underscore the importance of carefully evaluating the risks associated with CT imaging procedures.

The umbilical cord lacks vasavasorum and is prone for hypoxic injuries. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) causes structural changes with in umbilical cord blood vessels. Knowledge of which would be helpful for the gynecologist and obstetricians to assess the prognosis and prevent the complications. The present study was concentrated from December 2016 to December 2019 on 50 normal and 56 GDM umbilical cords. GDM group included 23 GDM mothers managed by diet (GDM-Diet) and 33 GDM mothers managed by drugs (GDM-Drug). Placentas along with the attached umbilical cords were collected and stored in 10% formaline. Tissue processing, slide preparation and stainings were done using standard protocols.A significant reduction was observed in the number of Hoboken nodules of umbilical arteries of GDM-Diet. Reduction of myofibroblasts with an increase in the empty spaces was observed in the Wharton’s jelly of both GDM cases. Similarly, smooth muscle disintegration and migration of smooth muscles to intima was significantly higher in GDM umbilical arteries and veins than normal umbilical vessels. The total wall thickness and tunica media was significantly thicker in the umbilical arteries of GDM-Drug group only. The umbilical venous lumen was found significantly wider in GDM groups compared to normal. The elastin fibers were significantly found reduced in the tunics of umbilical arteries and veins in GDM. However, a significant difference in these parameters was not observed between the GDM-Diet and GDM-Drug groups except for total wall and tunica media thickness of umbilical arteries.

The umbilical cord lacks vasavasorum and is prone for hypoxic injuries. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) causes structural changes with in umbilical cord blood vessels. Knowledge of which would be helpful for the gynecologist and obstetricians to assess the prognosis and prevent the complications. The present study was concentrated from December 2016 to December 2019 on 50 normal and 56 GDM umbilical cords. GDM group included 23 GDM mothers managed by diet (GDM-Diet) and 33 GDM mothers managed by drugs (GDM-Drug). Placentas along with the attached umbilical cords were collected and stored in 10% formaline. Tissue processing, slide preparation and stainings were done using standard protocols.A significant reduction was observed in the number of Hoboken nodules of umbilical arteries of GDM-Diet. Reduction of myofibroblasts with an increase in the empty spaces was observed in the Wharton’s jelly of both GDM cases. Similarly, smooth muscle disintegration and migration of smooth muscles to intima was significantly higher in GDM umbilical arteries and veins than normal umbilical vessels. The total wall thickness and tunica media was significantly thicker in the umbilical arteries of GDM-Drug group only. The umbilical venous lumen was found significantly wider in GDM groups compared to normal. The elastin fibers were significantly found reduced in the tunics of umbilical arteries and veins in GDM. However, a significant difference in these parameters was not observed between the GDM-Diet and GDM-Drug groups except for total wall and tunica media thickness of umbilical arteries.

Purpose: The study aimed to measure the radiation-absorbed dose, effective dose, and associated risks of radiation-induced cancers during chest computed tomography (CT) imaging procedures at Square Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods: A total of 23 patients were examined using a 64-slice CT scanner and thermolumi nescence dosimeters. The dose-length product was recorded and converted into an equivalent effective dose using age-dependent conversion coefficients for multi-slice CT as provided by the European Guidelines. Organ doses were further converted into lifetime attributable risks (LARs) for cancer incidence and mortality based on data from the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation VII (BEIR VII) report. Results: The effective dose ranged from 3.1 millisieverts (mSv) to approximately 35.3 mSv. The mean LAR for cancer incidence was 20.6 cases per 100,000 males and 69.3 cases per 100,000 females. The LAR for cancer mortality was 21.5 cases per 100,000 males and 62.0 cases per 100,000 females. Female patients were found to face significantly higher risks than male patients. Conclusions The results highlight a noticeable increase in LAR for both cancer incidence and mortality due to chest CT examinations, particularly for female patients. These findings underscore the importance of carefully evaluating the risks associated with CT imaging procedures.