Objective Toinvestigatetheconsistencyofultrasoundand MSCTindiagnosing microvascularinvasion (MVI)in hepatocellularcarcinoma,andtocomparethediagnosticefficiencyofbothtwomethods.Methods TheultrasoundandMSCTdataof 82patientswithhepatocellularcarcinomawerecollected.Accordingtothepostoperativepathologicalresults,theconsistencyanddiagnostic efficiencyofultrasoundandMSCTindiagnosingMVIinhepatocellularcarcinomawerecompared.Results Accordingtothepostoperative pathologicalfindingsof82patients,30caseswerepositiveofMVI,while52caseswerenegative.ThepreoperativeMSCTandultrasound examinations had a strong consistency (Cohen’s Kappa＝0.829 ,P＜0.001 ).The sensitivity ,specificity and accuracy of preoperative ultrasoundinpredictingtheMVIinhepatocellularcarcinomawere76.67% (23/30),67.31% (35/52)and70.73% (58/82),respectively. Thesensitivity,specificityandaccuracyofpreoperativeMSCTinpredictinghepatocellularcarcinomaMVIwere83.33% (25/30),73.08%(38/52)and75.61% (63/82),respectively.Conclusion Preoperativeultrasoundand MSCThavegoodconsistencyandhighdiagnostic efficiencyindiagnosing MVIinhepatocellularcarcinoma.

Objective To investigate the value of molecular probe USPIO-PEG-sLeX in metastasis model of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods According to the pathological results of transplanted tumors of nude mice with nasopharyngeal carcinoma,the tumor-bearing mice were divided into metastatic group and non-metastatic group.T2 ? values of the transplanted tumors at four different time points were measured before and after the injection of USPIO-PEG-sLeX(t0＝plain scan,t1＝scan immediately after enhancement,t2＝1 hour post-enhancement scan,t3＝2 hours post-enhancement scan).ΔT2 ? and enhancing rates at t1 ,t2,t3 were calculated.Results The plain T2 ? values of the metastatic group and the non-metastatic group were 22.25±8.08 and 27.01±9.45,respectively.There was no significant difference between the two groups at t0 (P＞0.05).The T2 ? values at t1,t2 and t3 were 11.57±4.02 and 24.82±7.84,10.09±4.88 and 24.15±8.74,12.46±5.63,23.42±7.12 respectively in the metastatic and non-metastatic groups,differences were statistically significant (P values were 0.005,0.008 and 0.01 9,respectively).ΔT2 ? values at time t1 ,t2 and t3 in nude mice in the metastatic and non-metastatic groups were 10.69±6.23,3.86±2.20,12.1 7±8.67 and 2.87±1.37,9.80±3.03,4.32±2.28 respectively.The differences were statistically significant (P values were 0.027,0.048 and 0.043,respectively).The enhancement rates at t1,t2 and t3 in nude mice in metastatic and non-metastatic groups were 45.98±14.03,7.10±5.18,5 1.1 5±22.70 and 1 1.04±6.01 ,44.05 ±13.92,12.09 ±7.54,respectively,with statistically significant differences (P values were 0.001,0.005 and 0.007,respectively).After two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance,there was a statistically significant difference in T2 ? values between the metastatic and non-metastatic groups (P＝0.02＜0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in T2 ? values at different times (P＝0.001＜0.05).There was an interaction between the metastatic and non-metastatic groups and the scan time (P＝0.043＜0.05).Conclusion USPIO-PEG-sLeX molecular probe can non- invasively monitor E-selectin expression,and has a good application prospect in monitoring the metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcino-ma xenograft models.

Objective To investigate the value of spectral CT imaging in diagnosis of axillary lymphatic metastasis of breast carcinoma. Methods 27 cases of breast carcinoma who met the criteria underwent dual-phase enhanced spectra CT scan.The axillary lymph nodes were matched one-to-one between CT images and postoperative pathology.The four parameters,including NIC-A,NIC-V, λHU-A,and λHU-V were analyzed among primary tumors,metastasis and non-metastasis lymph nodes.The area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curves of the four parameters were used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy in axillary lymphatic metastasis.Results The four parameters showed significant differences among the primary tumors,metastasis lymph nodes and non-metastasis lymph nodes. The four parameters were also significantly different between the primary tumors and non-metastasis lymph nodes,between metastasis lymph nodes and non-metastasis lymph nodes.Only NIC-V was significantly different between the primary tumors and metastasis lymph nodes.When NIC-A value of 0.148 was used as the threshold for diagnosing lymphatic metastasis,the sensitivity,specificity and the area under the curve were 80.00%,84.62% and 0.888,respectively.Conclusion The parameters of spectral CT imaging can significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy of axillary lymphatic metastasis of breast carcinoma,which can be used as a reference for clinical diagnosis.

Objective To analyze the MRI findings of pure mucinous breast carcinoma and to investigate the causes of misdiagnosis.Methods MRI findings of 1 3 patients with pure mucinous breast carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively.All patients were verified by surgery and histopathology.Results All the 13 cases were presented as a mass,among which 12 cases (92.3%)had lobular contour and 1 (7.7%) had irregular shape.11 cases (84.6%)showed low or iso-signal intensity and 2 (15.4%)showed heterogeneous iso or high intensity on T1WI.All the 13 cases showed high signal intensity on fat suppression T2WI,and 5 cases(38.5%)showed low signal fiber separation inside. 5 cases (38.5%)showed homogeneous high signal intensity and 8 cases (61.5%)showed heterogeneous high signal intensity on diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)map,the ADC value was (2.002±0.478)× 10-3mm2/s.11 cases (84.6%)showed rim enhancement,among which 8(61.5%)showed persistent enhancement and 2 (15.4%)showed heterogeneous enhancement.Time-signal intensity cure(TIC)of 11 cases(84.6%)were monophasic or biphasic and 2 cases(15.4%0)were wash-out type. 5 cases(38.5%)were misdiagnosed on preoperative MRI.Conclusion There are several MRI features in pure mucinous breast carcinoma,such as lobular contour,high signal intensity on DWI and ADC map,persistent enhancement and monophasic or biphasic on TIC.Comprehending these MRI features is the key to reduce misdiagnosis.

Objective To explore the value of the molecular probe USPIO-PEG-sLeX on nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenograft in nude mice.Methods The USPIO nanoparticles was synthesized by physical deposition method,and which was modified by PEG to synthesize USPIO-PEG-sLeX .The nude mice of nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenograft were divided into experimental and control groups.USPIO-PEG-sLeX and USPIO-PEG were injected into nude mice of experimental and control groups by caudal vein,respectively.MR T2 mapping imaging was scanned before and after the injection,and analyzed the changes of T2 values between experimental and control groups. Results USPIO-PEG-sLeX had a good representation.The non-enhanced T2 values between control and experimental group had no statistical significance (P >0.05).However,T2 values of the mice in two groups before and after injections were statistically significant (P <0.05);and T2 values of experimental group were much lower than that of the control group after the injection,additionally,the difference of enhanced rate between the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.05).Conclusion USPIO-PEG-sLeX magnetic nanoparticles is potential to be a targeted contrast agent to ELAM-1 expression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma,and can be valuable in non-invasive dynamic monitoring the expression of ELAM-1.

Objective To investigate the correlation between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI)and prognostic factors in rectal cancer.Methods 5 5 patients with rectal cancer were confirmed pathologically.Conventional pelvic MRI and DWI examination were performed,and the mean ADC values of tumor were measured preoperatively.The patients were divided into two groups with or without lymph node metastasis,and were also divided into four groups with negative,weakly positive,positive or strongly positive expression of EGFR in rectal cancer.The ADC values were calculated in each group,and the correlation of ADC values with the lymph node status and EGFR expression classification were analyzed.Results In 5 5 patients with colorectal cancer,there were 13 lesions with lymph node metastasis and the positive expression rate of EGFR was 67.2%.There were no significant difference in mean ADC value between the groups with and without lymph node metastasis (P=0.342).The number of lesions with negative,weakly positive,positive and strongly positive EGFR expression were 18,15,12 and 10.The difference in the mean ADC values among negative,weakly positive,positive and strongly positive expression groups of prognostic factor EGFR was not significantly different (P=0.412).There were also no correlations in the prognostic factors mentioned above (r=0.183 and -0.324,all P>0.05).Conclusion The ADC value can not be used to predict the prognosis and to provide more valu-able information for individualized therapy in patients with rectal carcinoma,which needs further studiy in the future.

Objective To determine the utility of single energy CT value and spectrum energy curve in identifying different cause of diffuse spleen enlargement.Methods 43 patients confirmed by either surgical pathology,aspiration biopsy or clinical comprehensive diagnosis and follow-up were assessed,including lymphoma with spleen infiltration(lymphoma group,n=18) and cirrhotic splenomegaly(liver cirrhosis group,n=25).All patients underwent upper abdomen CT scans in GSI mode and the GSI data were transferred to the Workstation AW 4.6 to acquire single energy CT value(40-140 keV,10 keV's interval) and spectrum energy curve of the spleen on the venous phase.All single energy CT values and the slope of curves were comparatively analyzed through independent-samples t test.The diagnostic efficiency were evaluated by ROC analysis.Results Under 40-140 keV energy range,single energy CT values were significantly lower in the lymphoma group than in the liver cirrhosis group(all P＜0.05).The spectrum energy curve were both types of decreasing.Under 40-90 keV,100-140 keV energy range,the slop of curves in the lymphoma group(2.42 ± 0.70,0.27± 0.08) were also significantly lower than in the liver cirrhosis group (3.11 ± 0.62,0.34± 0.07),respectively(all P ＜0.05).When the slope of curve under 40-90 keV energy range was selected as a diagnostic indicator,the area under the curve(AUC) would reach 0.77.If threshold value of 1.39 was taken,the sensitivity and specificity would be equal to 86 ％ and 64 ％,respectively.Conclusion Single energy CT value and spectrum energy curve are helpful for differentiation of lymphoma with spleen infiltration from cirrhotic splenomegaly.

Radiation-induced salivary glands damage is one of the most frequent complications of head and neck cancers after radiation therapy. It leads to a series of symptoms which severely affect the quality of life, such as soreness of mouth, difficult talking, dysphagia and so on. Therefore, it is important to protect the function of salivary glands. In this review, relevant approaches to protecting the function of salivary glands after receiving the radiotherapy are discussed from several aspects,such as radioprotective drugs, radiotherapy technology molecular biology.

Objective To evaluate the value of differential diagnosis between benign and malignant thyroid lesions by susceptibility weighted imaging(SWI).Methods 53 patients with 20 malignant thyroid lesions and 71 benign thyroid lesions confirmed by surgery and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.All cases received conventional MRI and SWI preoperatively.Location,volume,SWI parameters including signal to noise ratio(SNR),contrast noise ratio(CNR)and intratumor susceptibility hypointensity (ITSHIA)datas in benign and malignant lesions were compared and analyzed.Results There was no statistical significance between benign and malignant thyroid lesions in the location,volume,SNR and CNR(χ2 or t =0.014,0.286,0.927,1.169;P =0.907,0.778,0.368,0.259 respectively).The maximum diameter (1.90 mm±0.32 mm),degree of maximum diameter(1.33±0.47),frequence(1.40±0.20)and area ratio(1.09±0.28)for benign thyroid lesions were less than those for malignant lesions(3.39 mm±0.79 mm,2.25±0.44,1.40±0.68,1.70±0.47)respectively (t or Z =12.629,5.788,3.41 5,5.795;P =0.000,0.000,0.001,0.000).Conclusion SWI semiquantitative assessment of pathlogical vascularity is useful in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid lesions.

Objective To investigate the association of MRI features with HER-2 expression in non-mass-like breast carcinoma. Methods 74 patients with breast cancers diagnosed by pathology underwent MRI prior to surgery,and all lesions were non-mass-like enhancement on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.The expression of HER-2 in tumor tissue was detected by immunohistochemical staining.Chi-square test,Fisher’s exact test and spearman rank correlation were used to evaluate the correlations between the morphological characteristics, dynamic enhanced MR parameters,ADC value and HER-2 expression.Results The tumor size was correlated positively with the expression degree of HER-2 (r=0.341,P =0.003).The ADC value was also correlated positively with the positive expression degree of HER-2 (r=0.31 7,P =0.006).However,the time to peak was correlated negatively with that (r =-0.244,P =0.036).No significant correlations between the distribution/internal enhancement manner,the type of time signal intensity curve and HER-2 expression were found (all P >0.05).Conclusion Tumor size,time to peak and ADC value are correlated with the expression of HER-2 in non-mass-like breast carcinoma,which is helpful for the treatment plan and prognosis evaluation for this cancer.