Objective:To observe the effects of palmitic acid(PA)and static pressure on the expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand(RANKL)and osteoprotegerin(OPG)in human periodontal ligament cells(HPDLCs)cultured from the subjects of differ-ent ages.Methods:The effects of PA with the dose(μmol/L)of 10,100,200,250,300,400 and 500 respectively on the prolif-erative activity of HPDLCs cultured in vitro from the subjects aged 12-45 years were determined by CCK-8 method.200 μmol/L PA was selected to treat HPDLCs,and the static pressure of 200 Pa was applied in the in vitro culture.Under different conditions(PA group,static pressure group,PA+static pressure group and blank control group),The expression of RANKL and OPG in HPDLCs was determined by ELISA before and after the treatment at 3,6,12,24,36,48 and 72 h respectively,and the OPG/RANKL ratio was calculated.Results:PA inhibited the proliferation of HPDLCs of all ages(P＜0.05),and the proliferation activity of HPDLCs decreased gradually with the increase of PA concentration,patient age and treatment time.Under static pressure,PA up-regulated the expression of RANKL protein,down-regulated the expression of OPG protein and the ratio of OPG/RANKL(P＜0.05),but RANKL protein expression decreased and OPG protein expression and the ratio of OPG/RANKL increased with age.Conclusion:Combined treatment of PA and static pressure can synergistically promote remodeling of periodontal bone.The expressions of RANKL and OPG is closely related to age of the subjects.

Objective:To analyze the awareness of HCV infection status and willingness for HCV-RNA testing among hepatitis C cases in four provinces in China and to provide a reference for adjusting HCV prevention and control strategies.Methods:From September 2021 to September 2022, a cross-sectional survey was conducted using stratified random cluster sampling in four provinces (Jiangsu, Henan, Hubei, and Yunnan) in China, with an estimated sample size of 6 468 participants. The questionnaire included sociodemographic information, HCV infection awareness, willingness for HCV-RNA testing, and history of high-risk behaviors from the survey participants. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors associated with HCV infection awareness and willingness for HCV-RNA testing among hepatitis C cases. Statistical analysis was performed using R 4.1.3 software.Results:A total of 10 563 hepatitis C cases were surveyed. The awareness rate of HCV infection was 86.74% (9 162/10 563), and the willingness rate for HCV-RNA testing was 85.21% (9 001/10 563). Multivariate logistic regression models analysis showed that the awareness rate of HCV infection was lower among individuals aged ≥60 years, urban residents (with New Rural Cooperative Medical Insurance ), those without a history of blood transfusion, those without a history of paid blood donation, those without a history of injection drug use, and those without a family member with hepatitis C case.The awareness rate was higher among individuals with high or technical secondary school education, college education or above, and those married with a spouse (all P<0.05). In terms of willingness for HCV-RNA testing, it was lower among females, individuals aged ≥60 years, and those without a history of blood transfusion, paid blood donation, or injection drug use. The willingness was higher among farmers or migrant workers, employees of enterprises or institutions, and those in other occupations (all P<0.05). Conclusions:There was room for improvement in the awareness proportion of HCV infection and willingness for HCV-RNA testing among hepatitis C cases in the four provinces of China. More convenient policies and measures should be provided to increase the awareness rate of HCV infection and the willingness to undergo HCV-RNA testing in this population.

AIM:Hepatotoxicity of Brucea javani-ca picryl with broad-spectrum anticancer effect in nude mice based on hepatic drug metabolizing en-zyme CYP450 activity.METHODS:Fifty-six nude mice were randomly divided into blank group,Bru-cea javanica low-dose group(2 mg/kg),Brucea ja-vanica high-dose group(4 mg/kg),and cisplatin group(2 mg/kg),with 14 mice in each group.The blank group was injected with the same amount of normal saline every 3 days for 6 weeks.Calculate the mortality rate of nude mice in each group,ob-serve the general growth state of nude mice,re-cord the weight change of nude mice before and af-ter administration,weigh and record the liver weight after taking materials,and calculate the liv-er coefficient(liver weight/weight mass×100％),ob-serve and record the liver color and morphology.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to ob-serve the pathological changes of liver tissue.De-tection of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspar-tate aminotransferase(AST),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),alkaline phosphatase(AKP)and albumin(ALB)levels in serum of nude mice by ELISA.Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of CYP2E1,CYP3A11,CYP2C19,CYP1A2,CYP2D6 and CYP2C9,which were key enzymes of drug metabolism in nude mice liver.RESULTS:Compared with the blank group,the mortality rate of nude mice in the low-dose Brucea javanica bitter alcohol group was 0,the growth state was good,the diet,movement,and mental state were normal,the weight change and liver coefficient ratio were consistent,the liver color was ruddy,the liver lobule morphology was complete under the microscope,the structure was clear,the liver cells were arranged regularly,and there was no inflammatory cell infiltration.There was no significant difference in the content of ALT,AST,LDH,AKP,and ALB.There was no significant difference in the mRNA and protein expression of CYP2E1,CYP3A11,CYP2C19,CYP1A2,CYP2D6,and CYP2C9(all P＞0.05).Compared with the blank group,the mortality rate of nude mice in the high-dose group of Brucea javanica bitter alcohol was 14.3％,the growth state was slightly poor,the diet,movement,and mental state were reduced,the weight growth was slow,the liver coefficient ratio was increased,the liver color was reddish brown,some liver lobule boundaries were unclear,a small number of liver cells were loosely arranged,the contents of ALT,AST,LDH,AKP,and ALB were signif-icantly increased,the mRNA levels of CYP2E1,CYP3A11,CYP2C19,CYP1A2,CYP2D6,and CYP2C9 were significantly reduced,and the protein expres-sions of CYP2E1,CYP3A11,CYP1A2,and CYP2D6 were significantly reduced(all P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),but there was no statistical difference in the mRNA and protein expression of CYP2C19,and the pro-tein expression of CYP2C9(P＞0.05).Compared with the blank group,the mortality rate of nude mice in the cisplatin group was 35.7％,the growth state was poor,the diet,action,and mental state were low,the weight gain was less,the liver coefficient ratio was significantly increased,the liver color was dark red,the liver sinusoids and central veins were congested,the hepatocytes were disordered,the nuclei were consolidated and contracted,and the arrangement was loose,the contents of ALT,AST,LDH,AKP,and ALB were significantly increased,and the mRNA and protein expressions of CYP2E1,CYP3A11,CYP2C19,CYP1A2,CYP2D6,and CYP2C9 were significantly reduced(all P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:The dose of Brucea javanica bitter alcohol is correlated with hepatotoxicity to nude mice.High doses of Brucea javanica bitter alcohol have hepatotoxicity to nude mice,which may be re-lated to reducing serum levels of ALT,AST,LDH,AKP,and ALB,inhibiting the expression of multiple subtypes of enzymes in the key enzyme CYP450 of liver drug metabolism,and then reducing the me-tabolism of toxic substances.

AIM:Hepatotoxicity of Brucea javani-ca picryl with broad-spectrum anticancer effect in nude mice based on hepatic drug metabolizing en-zyme CYP450 activity.METHODS:Fifty-six nude mice were randomly divided into blank group,Bru-cea javanica low-dose group(2 mg/kg),Brucea ja-vanica high-dose group(4 mg/kg),and cisplatin group(2 mg/kg),with 14 mice in each group.The blank group was injected with the same amount of normal saline every 3 days for 6 weeks.Calculate the mortality rate of nude mice in each group,ob-serve the general growth state of nude mice,re-cord the weight change of nude mice before and af-ter administration,weigh and record the liver weight after taking materials,and calculate the liv-er coefficient(liver weight/weight mass×100％),ob-serve and record the liver color and morphology.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to ob-serve the pathological changes of liver tissue.De-tection of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspar-tate aminotransferase(AST),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),alkaline phosphatase(AKP)and albumin(ALB)levels in serum of nude mice by ELISA.Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of CYP2E1,CYP3A11,CYP2C19,CYP1A2,CYP2D6 and CYP2C9,which were key enzymes of drug metabolism in nude mice liver.RESULTS:Compared with the blank group,the mortality rate of nude mice in the low-dose Brucea javanica bitter alcohol group was 0,the growth state was good,the diet,movement,and mental state were normal,the weight change and liver coefficient ratio were consistent,the liver color was ruddy,the liver lobule morphology was complete under the microscope,the structure was clear,the liver cells were arranged regularly,and there was no inflammatory cell infiltration.There was no significant difference in the content of ALT,AST,LDH,AKP,and ALB.There was no significant difference in the mRNA and protein expression of CYP2E1,CYP3A11,CYP2C19,CYP1A2,CYP2D6,and CYP2C9(all P＞0.05).Compared with the blank group,the mortality rate of nude mice in the high-dose group of Brucea javanica bitter alcohol was 14.3％,the growth state was slightly poor,the diet,movement,and mental state were reduced,the weight growth was slow,the liver coefficient ratio was increased,the liver color was reddish brown,some liver lobule boundaries were unclear,a small number of liver cells were loosely arranged,the contents of ALT,AST,LDH,AKP,and ALB were signif-icantly increased,the mRNA levels of CYP2E1,CYP3A11,CYP2C19,CYP1A2,CYP2D6,and CYP2C9 were significantly reduced,and the protein expres-sions of CYP2E1,CYP3A11,CYP1A2,and CYP2D6 were significantly reduced(all P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),but there was no statistical difference in the mRNA and protein expression of CYP2C19,and the pro-tein expression of CYP2C9(P＞0.05).Compared with the blank group,the mortality rate of nude mice in the cisplatin group was 35.7％,the growth state was poor,the diet,action,and mental state were low,the weight gain was less,the liver coefficient ratio was significantly increased,the liver color was dark red,the liver sinusoids and central veins were congested,the hepatocytes were disordered,the nuclei were consolidated and contracted,and the arrangement was loose,the contents of ALT,AST,LDH,AKP,and ALB were significantly increased,and the mRNA and protein expressions of CYP2E1,CYP3A11,CYP2C19,CYP1A2,CYP2D6,and CYP2C9 were significantly reduced(all P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:The dose of Brucea javanica bitter alcohol is correlated with hepatotoxicity to nude mice.High doses of Brucea javanica bitter alcohol have hepatotoxicity to nude mice,which may be re-lated to reducing serum levels of ALT,AST,LDH,AKP,and ALB,inhibiting the expression of multiple subtypes of enzymes in the key enzyme CYP450 of liver drug metabolism,and then reducing the me-tabolism of toxic substances.

Objective:To observe the effects of palmitic acid(PA)and static pressure on the expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand(RANKL)and osteoprotegerin(OPG)in human periodontal ligament cells(HPDLCs)cultured from the subjects of differ-ent ages.Methods:The effects of PA with the dose(μmol/L)of 10,100,200,250,300,400 and 500 respectively on the prolif-erative activity of HPDLCs cultured in vitro from the subjects aged 12-45 years were determined by CCK-8 method.200 μmol/L PA was selected to treat HPDLCs,and the static pressure of 200 Pa was applied in the in vitro culture.Under different conditions(PA group,static pressure group,PA+static pressure group and blank control group),The expression of RANKL and OPG in HPDLCs was determined by ELISA before and after the treatment at 3,6,12,24,36,48 and 72 h respectively,and the OPG/RANKL ratio was calculated.Results:PA inhibited the proliferation of HPDLCs of all ages(P＜0.05),and the proliferation activity of HPDLCs decreased gradually with the increase of PA concentration,patient age and treatment time.Under static pressure,PA up-regulated the expression of RANKL protein,down-regulated the expression of OPG protein and the ratio of OPG/RANKL(P＜0.05),but RANKL protein expression decreased and OPG protein expression and the ratio of OPG/RANKL increased with age.Conclusion:Combined treatment of PA and static pressure can synergistically promote remodeling of periodontal bone.The expressions of RANKL and OPG is closely related to age of the subjects.

Objective:To analyze the awareness of HCV infection status and willingness for HCV-RNA testing among hepatitis C cases in four provinces in China and to provide a reference for adjusting HCV prevention and control strategies.Methods:From September 2021 to September 2022, a cross-sectional survey was conducted using stratified random cluster sampling in four provinces (Jiangsu, Henan, Hubei, and Yunnan) in China, with an estimated sample size of 6 468 participants. The questionnaire included sociodemographic information, HCV infection awareness, willingness for HCV-RNA testing, and history of high-risk behaviors from the survey participants. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors associated with HCV infection awareness and willingness for HCV-RNA testing among hepatitis C cases. Statistical analysis was performed using R 4.1.3 software.Results:A total of 10 563 hepatitis C cases were surveyed. The awareness rate of HCV infection was 86.74% (9 162/10 563), and the willingness rate for HCV-RNA testing was 85.21% (9 001/10 563). Multivariate logistic regression models analysis showed that the awareness rate of HCV infection was lower among individuals aged ≥60 years, urban residents (with New Rural Cooperative Medical Insurance ), those without a history of blood transfusion, those without a history of paid blood donation, those without a history of injection drug use, and those without a family member with hepatitis C case.The awareness rate was higher among individuals with high or technical secondary school education, college education or above, and those married with a spouse (all P<0.05). In terms of willingness for HCV-RNA testing, it was lower among females, individuals aged ≥60 years, and those without a history of blood transfusion, paid blood donation, or injection drug use. The willingness was higher among farmers or migrant workers, employees of enterprises or institutions, and those in other occupations (all P<0.05). Conclusions:There was room for improvement in the awareness proportion of HCV infection and willingness for HCV-RNA testing among hepatitis C cases in the four provinces of China. More convenient policies and measures should be provided to increase the awareness rate of HCV infection and the willingness to undergo HCV-RNA testing in this population.

Hyperglycemia is a primary biological characteristic of diabetes.It is well known that three key indicators are commonly used in clinical practice to measure plasma glucose levels,such as 2-hour postload glucose(2hPG),fasting plasma glucose(FPG),and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c).However,the association between these indicators and breast cancer incidence remains unclear.This paper systematically reviews the relationship between plasma glucose levels and breast cancer based on the above three indicators,to provide a reference for the formulation of effective plasma glucose management strategies for the primary prevention of breast cancer.

Background and Aims:In recent years,with the continuous progress of systemic therapy,hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy(HAIC)combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors and anti-angiogenic agents has demonstrated significant efficacy in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,direct comparisons between different immunotherapeutic targets,such as PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors,in terms of clinical benefit and safety remain limited.This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of HAIC plus bevacizumab and sintilimab(HAIC-BP1)versus HAIC plus bevacizumab and atezolizumab(HAIC-BPL)in advanced HCC.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 88 patients with advanced HCC who received first-line HAIC-BP1or HAIC-BPL at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between January 2020 and December 2022.Progression-free survival(PFS),overall survival(OS),objective response rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR),and adverse events(AEs)were compared between the two groups.Cox regression analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors affecting PFS.Results:A total of 47 patients were included in the HAIC-BP1 group and 41 patients in the HAIC-BPL group,with no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups(all P>0.05).The ORR(59.6%vs.65.9%)and DCR(72.3%vs.80.5%)did not significantly differ between the HAIC-BP1 group and the HAIC-BPL group(both P>0.05).After a median follow-up of 16.3 months,there were no significant differences in median OS(21.3 months vs.22.4 months)or median PFS(6.7 months vs.6.2 months)between the HAIC-BP1 group and the HAIC-BPL group(both P>0.05).The incidence of AEs was similar,and no treatment-related deaths occurred.Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified tumor diameter>10 cm as an independent adverse prognostic factor for PFS(HR=0.48,95%CI=0.27-0.83,P=0.009).Conclusion:Both HAIC-BP1 and HAIC-BPL demonstrated comparable efficacy and favorable safety profiles as first-line treatment options for advanced HCC.Tumor diameter>10 cm was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for PFS,underscoring the importance of patient stratification in clinical decision-making.

Objective To explore the imaging data and pathological factors affecting the postoperative recurrence of solitary fibrous tumor(SFT)of the central nervous system.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 40 patients with SFT confirmed by pathology.All patients were divided into recurrence group(n=12)and non-recurrence group(n=28)based on the follow-up results.Univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards model were used to screen the risk factors of recurrence,and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the recurrence-free survival(RFS)among different groups.Results Univariate analysis showed that the Ki-67 index in the recurrence group was significantly higher than that in the non-recurrence group(median 38.5%vs 10.0%,P<0.001),and the proportion of WHO grade 3 was higher than that in the non-recurrence group(66.67%vs 7.14%,P<0.001).MRI features were significantly associated with recurrence,including the maximum diameter of the tumor[(6.63±1.10)cm vs(4.16±1.64)cm,P<0.001],peritumoral edema(91.67%vs 28.57%,P<0.001),and midline structure shift(83.33%vs 17.86%,P<0.001).Multivariate analysis suggested that the risk of recurrence increased by 122%for each 1 cm increase in the maximum diameter of the tumor[hazard ratio(HR)=2.22,95%confidence interval(CI)1.33-3.72],and by 27%for each 1%increase in the Ki-67 index(HR=1.27,95%CI 1.02-1.61),respectively.Conclusion MRI features such as maximum diameter of the tumor,significant peritumoral edema,and midline structure shift should be alert to high recurrence risk,and with pathological grading and Ki-67 index,it can provide significant basis for prognosis evaluation.

Objective: To evaluate the radiation dose, operational standardization, and image quality of computed tomography (CT) Ningbo City Medical Imaging Cloud Platform, so as to provide references for optimizing the quality of CT examinations. Methods: Six CT devices were randomly selected from the Ningbo City Medical Imaging Cloud Platform. Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) image data from CT examinations of the head, neck, chest, and abdomen in males aged 36 to 60 years were collected from January 2023 to December 2024. The radiation dose levels were evaluated using the volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP). The coefficient of variation (CV) of CTDIvol and scan length were calculated to assess scan stability. Operational standardization was evaluated using the redundancy rate of scan length and protocol matching degree. Imaging quality was assessed using the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR). Results: A total of 28 897 DICOM images were collected, including 6 730 axial scans of the skull, 2 778 plain scans of the neck, 15 496 plain scans of the chest, and 3 893 plain scans of the abdomen. The typical values of CTDIvol and DLP radiation doses for the head, neck, and chest were all lower than the diagnostic reference levels. The maximum typical values of CTDIvol and DLP for the abdomen were 22.49 mGy and 941.45 mGy·cm, respectively, which were higher than the diagnostic reference levels. The CV values of CTDIvol and scan length ranged from 14.59% to 37.88% and from 8.27% to 44.96%, respectively. The scan stability of head CT was relatively poor, with CV values ranging from 21.74% to 37.88% and from 12.66% to 44.96%, respectively. The redundancy rate of scan length ranged from 6.02% to 74.40%, and the protocol matching degree ranged from 79.80% to 100.00%. The operational standardization of neck CT was relatively poor, with redundancy rates ranging from 45.70% to 74.40% and protocol matching degrees ranging from 79.80% to 95.36%. The mean SNR and mean CNR of the pulmonary arteries in the chest were relatively high, ranging from 15.81 to 17.65 and from 6.33 to 7.41, respectively. Conclusions The radiation doses from abdominal CT examinations on some CT devices exceed the diagnostic reference levels. The scan stability of head CT examinations and the operational standardization of neck CT examinations represent weak points in quality control. It is recommended to carry out targeted quality control training to enhance the overall quality level of CT examinations.