Radiation-induced lung injury is a prevalent side effect of radiotherapy for chest cancer. The "three phases and three methods "is an innovative theory based on the evolution of the core pathogenesis of radiation-induced lung injury. Its formation also considers the understanding of radiation-induced lung injury by ancient and modern medical practitioners, pathological characteristics, clinical manifestations, and the development patterns of radiation-induced lung injury. The "three phases and three methods" refers to the three phases of the course and the three treatment methods. The core pathogenesis of radiation-induced lung injury from the beginning, middle and late stages is heat toxicity, yin deficiency, and blood stasis. Therefore, the course of radiation-induced lung injury is divided into three phases: blazing heat toxin, yin deficiency and heat accumulation, and static blood obstruction. The method of clearing the lung and resolving toxins, enriching yin and venting heat, invigorating blood and dissolving stasis are used respectively. Traditional Chinese medicines commonly used in each phase include Flos Lonicerae, Atrina Glass, heartleaf houttuynia herb, Radix Ophiopogonis, American Ginseng, Forsythiae Fructus, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Rhizoma Ligustici chuanxiong, Scorpio, etc. This article presents the theoretical origins of the "three phases and three methods" concept by reviewing of ancient literature, inheriting experience, and summarizing disease pathogenesis, as well as elaborating on the academic connotations of the "three phases and three methods". The scientific validity of the "three phases and three methods" is verified by literature, clinical, and basic research. The "three phases and three methods" interprets the core characteristics of each stage of radiation-induced lung injury, improves the traditional Chinese medicine prevention and treatment system for radiation-induced lung injury, and provides theoretical basis for achieving complete process management.

Objective:To analyze the influence of forming direction on the surface characteristics,elastic modulus,bending strength and fracture toughness of printed parts and the relationship between forming direction and force direction,and to provide scientific basis and guidance for the clinical applica-tion of oral denture base resin materials.Methods:The 3D printing technology was used to print denture base resin samples.The shape and size of the samples referred to the current standard for testing conven-tional denture base materials.The samples used for physical performance testing were cylindrical(with a diameter of 15 mm and a thickness of 1 mm)and printed at different angles along the Z axis(0°,45°,90°).Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the microscopic topography of the different sam-ples.The color stability of different samples was observed by color stabilizer.The surface roughness of the samples was analyzed by using surface roughness tester.The Vickers hardness was measured to ana-lyze the hardness of the samples.The samples used for mechanical performance testing were rectangular(elastic modulus and bending strength:A length of 64 mm,a width of 10 mm,and a height of 3.3 mm;fracture toughness:A length of 39 mm,a width of 8 mm,and a height of 4 mm),divided into two groups:W group and H group.The W group was printed from the bottom up along the Z axis with the length × width as the bottom surface parallel to the X,Y axis plane,while the H group printed from the bottom up along the Z axis with the length × height as the bottom surface parallel to the X,Y axis plane.The forming angles of both groups were equally divided into 0°,45°,and 90°.The elastic modulus,bending strength and fracture toughness of different samples were studied through universal mechanical testing machine.SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:The microscopic topogra-phy and roughness of different samples were closely related to the printing direction,with significant differences between the 0°,45°,and 90° specimens.The 0° specimens had the smoothest surface(roughness＜1 μm).The surface of the 45 ° specimen was the roughest(roughness＞3 μm).The microhardness of the 0° sample was the best[(196.13±0.20)MPa],with a significant difference com-pared with the 90° sample[(186.62±4.81)MPa,P＜0.05].The mechanical properties of different samples were also closely related to the printing direction.The elastic modulus,bending strength,and fracture toughness of the 45° samples in the W group were the highest compared with the other groups.The results of elastic modulus showed that in the H group,the 45° specimens had the highest elastic mo-dulus,which was significantly different from the 0° and 90° specimens(P＜0.05).The elastic modulus of 0° and 45° specimens in the W group were higher than those in 90° specimens(P＜0.05).The bending strength results showed that there was no significant difference between the specimens from dif-ferent angles in the H group.The bending strength of the 90° specimens in the W group was the smallest,and there was a significant difference between 90° and the 0° and 45° specimens(P＜0.05);And the bendind strength of the 0° and 45° specimens in the W group was significantly higher than that of the 0° and 45° specimens in the H group(P＜0.05).The fracture toughness results showed that the fracture toughness of the H group specimens was lower than 1.9 MPa m1/2,which was specified in the denture base standard.The 45° samples in the W group were the highest,with significant differences compared with the 0° and 90° samples(P＜0.05).And the 90° samples of the W group specimens were lower than 1.9 MPa m1/2.And the fracture toughness of the 45° specimen in the W group was significantly higher than that of all the specimens in the H group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The 0° samples had rela-tively better physical properties.The 45° samples had the best mechanical properties.But the fracture toughness of specimens(H group and 90° samples of W group)did not yet meet clinical requirements.That indicated that the characteristics of the 3D printing denture base resin were affected by the printing direction.Only when the performance of the printed samples in all directions met the minimum require-ments of the standard,they could be used in clinical practice.

The goal of achieving elimination of schistosomiasis across all endemic counties in China by 2030 was proposed in the Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan. On June 16, 2023, the Action Plan to Accelerate the Elimination of Schistosomiasis in China (2023—2030) was jointly issued by National Disease Control and Prevention Administration and other 10 ministries, which deployed the targets and key tasks of the national schistosomiasis elimination programme in China. This article describes the progress of the national schistosomiasis control programme, analyzes the opportunities to eliminate schistosomiasis, and proposes targeted recommendations to tackle the challenges of schistosomiasis elimination, so as to accelerate the process towards schistosomiasis elimination and facilitate the building of a healthy China.

Objective To explore the potential mechanism of Benzo(K)fluoranthene(BkF)on male reproductive injury in mice by proteomics and metabolomics.Methods Twenty healthy and clean male Kunming mice(6 weeks old,18±2 g)were randomly divided into control group(corn oil group),low-,medium-and high-dose BkF groups(7.5,15.0 and 30.0 mg/kg),with 5 mice in each group.The corresponding agents were gavaged at a dose of 10 mL/kg,5 d per week,for 35 consecutive days.After modeling,the rats were fasted for 10 h,and then sperm samples and testicular tissues were harvested.Computer assisted sperm analysis(CASA)was used to detect and analyze semen parameters.HE staining was employed to observe the histopathological structure of the testicular tissue.Bioinformatics analysis was applied to analyze the differential protein pathways.Volcano plot were conducted to analyze the top 10 differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)in the control and high-dose BkF group.Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)untargeted metabolomics techniques were utilized to screen out differential metabolites.KEGG signaling pathway and KEGG annotation analyses and GO enrichment analysis were used to analyze the differential metabolites.Results Compared with the control group,the sperm number and motility of BkF-treated mice showed a decreased trend,with statistical differences(P＜0.05).Pathological observation showed that BkF treatment resulted in dilated seminal tubules and badly-arranged spermatogenic cells when compared with the control group.Proteomics analysis found that the protein levels of Spata46 and Rab5b were decreased,while those of Zscan21 and Aifm2 were increased(P＜0.01).Proteomic KEGG enrichment analysis showed that it was mainly involved in phagosome,protein export,ribosome and other pathways.GO enrichment analysis indicated that it was mainly involved in male meiosis I,histone acetylation,regulation of p53 signaling pathway,positive regulation of cell cycle,positive regulation of cell death and other signaling pathways.Metabonomics KEGG displayed that amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism were most closely related to other metabolic pathways.Conclusion Proteomics and metabolomics analyses show that BkF exposure is associated with spermatogenesis,apoptosis and cell cycle,DNA damage,amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism.

Objective:To explore the current status and influencing factors of fertility intention to have a third child among childbearing age women in Heilongjiang Province under three-child policy.Methods:From January to April 2023, convenience sampling was used to select 10 600 women of childbearing age from ten districts and counties in five cities in Heilongjiang Province (Jiamusi, Qiqihar, Harbin, Heihe, Suihua) as research subjects. The Fertility Intention to Have a Third Child Questionnaire among Childbearing Age Women in Heilongjiang Province was used to investigate women of childbearing age. Multi-class Logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors of fertility intention of childbearing age women to have a third child.Results:A total of 10 600 questionnaires were distributed, and 9 554 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid response rate of 90.13% (9 554/10 600). Among 9 554 women of childbearing age, 2 248 had the intention to have a third child, 5 036 had no intention, and 2 270 were uncertain. Multi-class Logistic regression analysis showed that age, education level, per capita monthly income of the family, occupation, fertility status, pregnancy complications, economic pressure to have a third child, parents' attitudes towards having a third child, and satisfaction with childcare services were the influencing factors of the fertility intention of childbearing age women in Heilongjiang Province to have a third child ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Under the three-child policy, women of childbearing age in Heilongjiang Province have a low intention to have a third child. Relevant departments should formulate policies based on the influencing factors.

Objective This study aims to build a differential diagnosis model for unipolar and bipolar depression based on clinical features and blood indicators.Methods According to inclusion and exclusion criteria,participants with unipolar and bipolar depression were included,and clinical data and blood test indicators of the participants were extracted.The data were randomly divided into a training set and a testing set.Classification models were trained on the training set using extreme gradient boosting based on different feature combinations,and the performance of the models was validated on the testing set.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC),area under curve(AUC),sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were used to evaluate model performance.The SHapley additive explanations(SHAP)method was used to calculate the importance of selected features for the differential diagnosis of unipolar and bipolar depression.Results In the unipolar and bipolar depression classification model,the XGBoost model performs the best,with an AUC of 0.889,sensitivity of 0.831,specificity of 0.839,and accuracy of 0.863.The main features in this model include duration of illness,age of onset,albumin,low-density lipoprotein,blood potassium concentration,white blood cell count,platelet/lymphocyte ratio,and monocytes.Conclusion Duration of illness and hematological biomarkers,which are easily obtainable in clinical settings,can provide important support for the differential diagnosis of unipolar and bipolar depression.

Objective:To explore the relationships among workplace bullying,resilience and work perform-ance in nurses,employing a moderation and matching analysis perspective.Methods:A total of 3 026 nurses from 4 tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province were recruited.The Negative Acts Questionnaire Revised,Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10item,and Work Performance Scale were used to evaluate workplace bullying,psychological re-silience and work performance.Moderation analysis and response surface analysis were used to investigate the rela-tionships among workplace bullying,psychological resilience and work performance in nurses.Results:The results of the moderation effect analysis indicated that psychological resilience could moderate the negative relationship be-tween workplace bullying and work performance(β=0.07,95％CI:0.03-0.10).Response surface analysis re-vealed that compared to nurses with low bullying-low resilience,nurses with high bullying-high resilience showed higher work performance(Z-hat difference=2.06;95％CI=0.48-3.58).Nurses with high bullying-low resili-ence exhibited lower work performance compared to those with low bullying-high resilience(Z-hat difference=-8.31;95％CI=-12.06--5.68).Conclusion:Psychological resilience plays a moderating role in the negative effects of workplace bullying on job performance of nurses,and there are relative differences in work performance between individuals with different levels of workplace bullying and psychological resilience.

Inflammatory injury of the intestine is often accompanied by symptoms such as damage to intestinal mucosa, increased intestinal permeability, and intestinal motility dysfunction. Inflammatory factors spread throughout the body via blood circulation, and can cause multi-organ failure. Pyroptosis is a newly discovered way of programmed cell death, which is mainly characterized by the formation of plasma membrane vesicles, cell swelling until the rupture of the cell membrane, and the release of cell contents, thereby activating a drastic inflammatory response and expanding the inflammatory response cascade. Pyroptosis is widely involved in the occurrence of diseases, and the underlying mechanisms for inflammation are still a hot spot of current research. The caspase-1 mediated canonical inflammasome pathway of pyroptosis and caspase-4/5/8/11-mediated non-canonical inflammasome pathway are closely related to the occurrence and development of intestinal inflammation. Therefore, investigation of the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis in intestinal injury in sepsis, inflammatory bowel diseases, infectious enteristic, and intestinal tumor is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of intestinal inflammatory injury.
Humans ; Pyroptosis ; Inflammasomes/metabolism* ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 1 ; Inflammation

Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide,and oxidative stress plays a crucial role.Celastrol exhibits strong antioxidant properties in several diseases;however,whether it can affect oxidation in cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury(CIRI)remains unclear.This study aimed to determine whether celastrol could reduce oxidative damage during CIRI and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.Here,we found that celastrol attenuated oxidative injury in CIRI by upregulating nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2).Using alkynyl-tagged celastrol and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,we showed that celastrol directly bound to neuronally expressed developmentally downregulated 4(Nedd4)and then released Nrf2 from Nedd4 in astrocytes.Nedd4 promoted the degradation of Nrf2 through K48-linked ubiquitination and thus contributed to astrocytic reactive oxygen species production in CIRI,which was significantly blocked by celastrol.Furthermore,by inhibiting oxidative stress and astrocyte activation,celastrol effectively rescued neurons from axon damage and apoptosis.Our study uncovered Nedd4 as a direct target of celastrol,and that celastrol exerts an antioxidative effect on as-trocytes by inhibiting the interaction between Nedd4 and Nrf2 and reducing Nrf2 degradation in CIRI.

ObjectiveTo characterize the chemical constituents of Dayuanyin based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS）. MethodThe detection was performed on a Thermo Acclaim™ RSLC 120 C₁₈ column（2.1 mm×100 mm， 2.2 μm）， the mobile phase was acetonitrile（A）-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution（B） for gradient elution （0-7.5 min， 10%-19%A； 7.5-12 min， 19%-22.5%A； 12-23 min， 22.5%-27%A； 23-27 min， 27%-56%A； 27-35 min， 56%-84%A； 35-36 min， 84%-90%A）， the flow rate was 0.3 mL·min^-1， and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The data were collected in the positive and negative ion modes by heated electrospray ionization（HESI）， and the detection range was m/z 80-1 200. Combining the retention time of the reference substance， fragment ions， databases such as PubChem and related literature， Xcalibur 3.0 was used to identify the chemical constituents of Dayuanyin. ResultA total of 161 compounds were identified， including 14 alkaloids， 60 flavonoids， 16 terpenoids， 26 saponins， 18 phenylpropanoids， 16 organic acids and 11 others. ConclusionThe established method can effectively and quickly identify the chemical components in Dayuanyin， and clarify its chemical composition， which can provide a basis for the development of compound preparations of this famous classical formula.