Objective: To construct a scientific and perfect evaluation index system of infectious disease prevention and control ability in colleges and universities, so as to provide reference tools for colleges and universities to effectively respond to infectious disease. Methods: The initial framework of the evaluation index system of infectious disease prevention and control ability in colleges and universities was constructed by using literature analysis method. Experts familiar with infectious disease prevention and control or school health work were selected to conduct two rounds( n =16，18) of Delphi expert consultation for determining the evaluation index system. Analytical hierarchy process was used to calculate the index weights and combined weights. About 198 prevention and control personnel were conveniently selected from 3 universities in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to comprehensively evaluate the evaluation indicators by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Results: After two rounds of Delphi consultation questionnaire, the effective recovery rates were 80.0% and 90.0%, the expert authority levels were 0.89 and 0.86, the expert harmony coefficients for Kendall W were 0.166 and 0.310, and the variation coefficient of each index was <0.25. Finally, the evaluation index system of infectious disease prevention and control ability of colleges and universities included 4 first level indicators, 14 second level indicators and 75 third level indicators. The weights of prevention and monitoring and early warning, organizational system guarantee, emergency management, rehabilitation and summary were 0.176, 0.476, 0.268 and 0.080, respectively. The top 3 weights of the secondary indexes were 0.623 for infectious disease surveillance and early warning, 0.595 for loss assessment and 0.370 for emergency response. The score of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the index system of infectious disease prevention and control ability in colleges and universities was 79.148, suggesting a high level. Conclusion The established evaluation index system of infectious disease prevention and control ability in colleges and universities is scientific and reasonable, which is conducive to provide tool reference for the evaluation of infectious disease prevention and control ability in colleges and universities.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the characteristics of pediatric medicines with priority review and approval for marketing in China， providing a reference for promoting enterprise R&D and production， as well as improving the supply guarantee mechanism for pediatric medicines. METHODS Based on publicly available data sources such as List of Approved Information for Pediatric Medications Subject to Priority Review and Approval， Pharnexcloud biomedical database， and National Medical Insurance Drug Directory， this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the main characteristics of pediatric medicines with priority review and approval for marketing. RESULTS As of June 30， 2024， a total of 68 pediatric medicines had been approved through the priority review and approval process， covering 12 therapeutic areas， with oral dosage forms accounting for 64.71%. The median time from application to inclusion in priority review was 35.50 days， with an average of 41.69 days. The median time from inclusion in priority review to market approval was 1.24 years， with an average of 1.42 years. This included 12 domestic new medicines， 21 domestic generic medicines， 35 imported medicines， as well as 29 pediatric-specific medicines and 21 orphan medicines. Additionally， 31 of these medicines had been included in the medical insurance catalog， representing a proportion of 45.59%. CONCLUSIONS Currently， a trend of differentiated competition is emerging between domestic and imported pediatric medicines. The therapeutic areas for pediatric medicines are continuously expanding， and the dosage forms are becoming more tailored to children’s needs. However， there are still issues such as slow progress in new medicine development， insufficient stability in the medicine review and approval process， and a need to increase the proportion of medicines included in medical insurance.

Implementation Science is an interdisciplinary field dedicated to systematically studying how to effectively translate evidence-based research findings into practical application and implementation. In the health-related context, it focuses on enhancing the efficiency and quality of healthcare services, thereby facilitating the transition from scientific evidence to real-world practice. This article elaborates on Theories, Models, and Frameworks (TMF) within health-related Implementation Science, clarifying their basic concepts and classifications, and discussing their roles in guiding implementation processes. Furthermore, it reviews and prospects current research from three aspects: the constituent elements of TMF, their practical applications, and future directions. Five representative frameworks are emphasized, including the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), the Practical Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM), the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS)framework, the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW), and the Normalization Process Theory (NPT). Additionally, resources such as the Dissemination & Implementation Models Webtool and the T-CaST tool are introduced to assist researchers in selecting appropriate TMFs based on project-specific needs.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the correlation between the incidence of acute mountain sickness (AMS) and the body constitution of Tibetan medicine and other relevant factors to provide a reference for the prediction and prevention of AMS. Methods: A case–control study was conducted to recruit participants who experienced or did not experience AMS after entering a plateau. The data was collected through online questionnaires for convenient sampling. Demographic characteristics, body constitution, and related states or behaviors were investigated before and after entering the plateau. The participants were divided into case and control groups based on the incidence of AMS. The distributions of relevant factors were compared. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to screen for risk and protective factors. Results: There were 167 participants who completed the questionnaire. A total of 54 cases were excluded, and 113 participants were included, including 52 in the case group and 61 in the control group. In the case group, 37, 13, and 2 patients had mild, moderate, and severe AMS, respectively. In terms of the Tibetan medicine constitution, the case group had the highest proportion of Bad-rlung (25.0%) and Rlung types (21.2%), whereas the control group had the highest proportion of Bad-rlung (29.5%) and Mkhris-bad types (24.6%). There was no significant difference in the distribution of the constitutional types between the two groups. Insomnia or insufficient sleep within the week prior to entering the plateau and fatigue after arrival were risk factors for AMS, with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 5.012 (1.871–13.426) and 3.387 (1.393–8.236), respectively. A history of short-term plateau travel is a protective factor for AMS (OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.129 to 0.792). Conclusion Insomnia or lack of sleep before ascending to a plateau and fatigue after arrival are risk factors for AMS. The Rlung constitution might be related to the incidence of AMS; however, this still needs to be verified in large-sample observational studies. The risk factors identified in this study can provide a reference for the prevention practice and research of AMS.

Objective To explore characteristics of clinical and imaging findings in patients with fat embolism syndrome.Methods From January 2021 to October 2022,clinical manifestations of 13 patients with fat embolism due to fracture or or-thopaedic surgery were retrospectively analyzed,including 11 males and 2 females,aged from 17 to 60 years old.Mental and respiratory abnormalities and changes in vital signs occurred after admission or after surgery,and patient's chest and brain imaging results were abnormal.The patient's mental and respiratory abnormalities,vital signs,chest and brain imaging results were continuously monitored.Results The main clinical manifestations of fat embolism syndrome were abnormal pulmonary respiration in 13 patients,abnormal central nervous function in 7 patients,and spotted rash in 2 patients.Chest CT showed dif-fuse distribution of ground glass shadows in 13 patients,and severe symptoms were"snowstorm".Nine patients with ground glass fusion consolidation,5 patients with multiple nodules and 4 patients accompanied by bilateral pleural effusion.Head CT findings of 5 patients were negative,and head MRI findings of 1 patient showed multiple T1WI low signal,T2WI high signal shadow,DWI high signal shadow,and"starry sky sign"in basal ganglia,radiative crown,hemioval center,thalamus,frontal parietal cortex and subcortex.Conclusion Fat embolism syndrome has a high mortality rate.Clinical manifestations of respira-tory system and nervous system are not specific,and the skin spot rash has a characteristic manifestation.The"blizzard"sign is the specific manifestation of chest X-ray and CT examination of fat embolism,and the"starry sky"sign is the typical manifesta-tion of diffusion-weighted sequence of brain MRI examination of fat embolism.

Objective:To carry out evidence-based nursing for postoperative exercise rehabilitation of patients with vertebral fractures, develop review indicators, analyze obstacles and facilitators in evidence-based nursing practice, and formulate reform strategies.Methods:Guided by the evidence-based nursing practice model of the Joanna Briggs Institute, this study incorporated evidence of postoperative exercise rehabilitation in patients with vertebral fractures and developed review items. Based on baseline review, the obstacles and facilitators in evidence-based nursing practice were analyzed, and reform strategies were formulated.Results:A total of 29 evidence items were included, and 16 review indicators were formulated. Only seven indicators had a compliance rate of 100%, two indicators had a compliance rate of 0, and the compliance rate of the remaining indicators was between 11% and 95%. The obstacles in evidence-based nursing practice came from three levels: system, practitioner, and patient. The facilitators included strong leadership and organizational abilities, close cooperation between medical and nursing teams, and so on. Corresponding change strategies were developed based on obstacles and facilitators.Conclusions:There is a certain gap between the evidence of exercise rehabilitation and evidence-based nursing practice in postoperative patients with vertebral fractures. We should make full use of facilitators to overcome obstacles and implement reform strategies.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors and pathways of home-based exercise rehabilitation compliance in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), so as to provide theoretical basis for formulating targeted intervention program.Methods:From July 2022 to February 2023, convenience sampling was used to select 220 patients who underwent PCI at Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital affiliated with Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University as the study subject. A survey was conducted on patients using the General Information Questionnaires, Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale, Illness Perception and Behavior Questionnaire in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease after PCI, Social Support Rating Scale, and Exercise Rehabilitation Compliance Follow-up Scale.Results:A total of 220 questionnaires were distributed, and 215 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective response rate of 97.73% (215/220). The Exercise Rehabilitation Compliance Follow-up Scale in 215 patients after PCI was (11.35±3.85). The mediating effect of exercise self-efficacy between social support and exercise compliance was 0.150 [95% CI (0.055, 0.167), P<0.01], and the mediating effect of disease cognition between social support and exercise compliance after PCI was 0.065 [95% CI (0.016, 0.090), P<0.05]. The direct effect of social support on exercise compliance was 0.238 [95% CI (0.064, 0.278), P<0.01], and the indirect effect was 0.215 [95% CI (0.083, 0.233), P<0.05], and the mediating effect accounted for 47.46% of the total effect. Conclusions:Social support can directly or indirectly affect the compliance of patients with home-based exercise rehabilitation through the mediating effect of exercise self-efficacy and post PCI disease cognition. Medical and nursing staff can improve patient exercise self-efficacy and disease cognition by constructing intervention strategies based on social support, thereby enhancing home-based exercise rehabilitation compliance.

Objective:To explore the effect of "Internet +" canal management led by special disease nurses in home care of patients undergoing percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage (PTCD) .Methods:From March 2021 to December 2022, convenience sampling was used to select 120 patients who underwent PTCD and were discharged with drainage tubes at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. The patients were divided into a control group and an observation group using a random number table method, with 60 cases in each group. The control group adopted the routine home follow-up management after PTCD, and the observation group adopted the"Internet +"canal management led by special disease nurses for home care, with the intervention of three months. This study used the Chronic Disease Self-Management Scale (CDSMS) to evaluate the self-management ability and self-efficacy of two groups of patients, and recorded and compared the incidence of canal-related complications, unplanned readmission rate, and unplanned return visit rate between the two groups.Results:One patient in the control group died, and a total of 119 patients completed the study. The total score of CDSMS, self-management behavior score, and self-efficacy score of the two groups of patients after intervention were higher than those before intervention, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . After intervention, the total CDSMS score, self-management behavior score, and self-efficacy score of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . In the observation group and the control group, the total incidences of canal-related complications were 18.33% (11/60) and 44.07% (26/59) , and the unplanned readmission rates were 6.67% (4/60) and 23.73% (14/59) , and the unplanned return visit rates were 10.00% (6/60) and 35.59% (21/59) , respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The "Internet +"canal management led by special disease nurses can effectively improve the self-management ability and self-efficacy of PTCD patients at home, reduce the incidence of canal-related complications, unplanned readmission rate and return visit rate.

Objective:To perform harmonization based on the ComBat method for PET brain imaging scanned by different types of scanners from the same manufacturer and explored its effect on center effect.Methods:The three-dimensional (3D) Hoffman brain model was scanned by two different PET/CT instruments (Siemens Biograph64 TruePoint and Biograph128 mCT). Fourteen healthy subjects (8 males, 6 females, age: (57.7±9.5) years) underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT on Siemens Biograph64 TruePoint and 12 healthy subjects (9 males, 3 females, age: (55.8±10.5) years) underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT on Siemens Biograph128 mCT (all from Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; from November 2020 to March 2023). The whole brain was divided into 116 brain regions based on the anatomical automatic labeling (AAL) brain template. The ComBat method was applied to harmonized the PET data from brain model and healthy subjects. Mann-Whitney U test was performed on the radioactive counts and SUV ratios (SUVR) before and after homogenization acquired by both PET/CT instruments. Voxel-based statistical parametric mapping (SPM) independent-sample t test was also performed on data of healthy subjects. Results:In 3D Hoffman brain model, radioactivity counts (5 590.33(4 961.67, 6 102.95) vs 6 116.03(5 420.97, 6 660.66); z=-9.35, P<0.001) and SUVR (1.35(1.19, 1.47) vs 1.37(1.21, 1.49); z=-3.63, P<0.001) were significantly different between the two PET/CT scanners before harmonization and not after harmonization (radioactivity counts: 5 845.95(5 192.68, 6 378.63) vs 5 859.17(5 193.84, 6 380.52); SUVR: 1.35(1.20, 1.48) vs 1.36(1.20, 1.49); both z=-0.68, both P=0.498). In the healthy subjects, radioactive counts in 19 brain regions (12 422.78(11 181.60, 13 424.28)-18 166.40(15 882.80, 18 666.27); z values: from -3.24 to -2.06, all P<0.05) and SUVR in 40 brain regions (1.46(1.41, 1.52)-2.28(2.16, 2.36); z values: from -3.65 to -1.70, all P<0.05) were significantly different between the two scanners before harmonization, while after homogenization there were no statistical differences for all 116 brain regions (radioactivity counts: 9 243.55(8 502.38, 9 854.87)-20 419.60(19 931.51, 21 179.43); z values: from -0.72 to 0, all P>0.05; SUVR: 1.04(1.01, 1.09)-2.32(2.24, 2.40); z values: from -0.82 to 0, all P>0.05). SPM showed that significant differences of glucose metabolism in the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, midbrain and cerebellum were found in healthy subjects between the two PET/CT scanners before homogenization, and brain regions with obvious differences reduced after homogenization. Conclusion:ComBat harmonization method is efficient at removing the center effect among different types of PET/CT scanners from the same manufacturer and may provide a simple and easy-to-implement homogenization for multicenter brain imaging studies.

Objective To evaluate the effect of red-blue light photon assisted therapy on wound healing after flap reconstruction of limb traumatic defects.Methods A total of 146 patients who were admitted to the Ward of Microsurgery of ⅢA hospital of Shanghai from January 2020 to December 2021 and received flap reconstruction surgery for soft tissue defects of limbs were included in this prospective observational study.According to the order of admission,patients were divided into a control group(n=70)and an trial group(n=76).In the control group,a 60W thermal lamp was offered to the patients for locally heating the flaps,with continuous irradiation for 24 hours with a maintaining power of 1-2W,at an approximately 30-45 cm in distance from the flap.In the trial group,based on the thermal irradiation applied to the control group,a combined red and blue light photon irradiation therapy was offered as an additional measure,by twice a day at 20 minutes per session of blue-red light photon irradiation,at 8-12cm in distance from the flap.The two groups were compared in terms of tension of tissues around flap,incidence of infection within 7 days after surgery and the survival of flap within 2 weeks after surgery.Results The two groups showed no significant difference in terms of tissue tension between the 1st and 3rd day after surgery(P<0.05),but with significant differences on the 5th and 7th day after surgery(P>0.05).The trial group exhibited significantly lower incidence of infection within 7 days after surgery compared to that of the control group(P<0.05),and with a significantly higher flap survival rate at 2 weeks after surgery(P<0.05).Conclusion After the flap reconstruction of soft tissue defects of limbs,a red-blue light assisted photon irradiation therapy can effectively improve postoperative tissue tension around a flap,reduce infection rate and improve the survival rate of a flap.It provides an effective and safe interventional measures for postoperative care of the transferred flap.