Objective To analyze the infection status and epidemic trends of soil-borne nematode infections in Yubei, Chongqing City, in 2010,2021, and 2022. Methods The local populations from four survey sites of four towns in 2010 and five sites of five towns in 2021 and 2022 were surveyed regarding their basic information using a unified form. Fecal samples of the participants were collected and tested for soil-borne nematode infections using the modified Kato-Katz thick smear method. Results In 2010, 2 049 participants were surveyed, followed by 1 000 participants in 2021 and 2022. The overall prevalence of parasitic infections declined significantly from 3.86% to 0.20%. In 2010, soil-transmitted nematode included hookworms(3.81%) and roundworms(0.29%). In 2021, the infection rates of roundworms and hookworms were 1.70% and 0.10% respectively. Notably, only Ascaris was identified in 2022(0.20%). The≥60 age group consistently exhibited the highest infection rates across all surveys, followed by the 40-59 age group. The infection rates of males in the three surveys were 3.31%,1.92%, and 0.20% respectively, and those of females were 4.37%, 1.46%, and 0.20% respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the infection rates between males and females. Educational attainment was inversely associated with infection; in 2010, the highest prevalence was observed among those with primary education or below, whereas in 2021, illiterate or semi-literate individuals showed the highest susceptibility. The occupational distribution of infections in 2010 indicated that retirees (8.33%), farmers(4.86%), and homemakers or unemployed individuals(3.45%)were the most affected. However, in 2021 and 2022, farmers emerged as the predominant occupational group with soil-transmitted nematode infections. Conclusions The infection rate of soil-borne nematodes showed a decreasing trend in Yubei, and the infection species changed from hookworms in 2010 to Ascaris in 2022. Farmers, the elderly, and people with low education levels should continue to be the focus of preventive and control efforts.

Objective To determine the clinical effect of warmed iodophor for preoperative disinfection in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy.Methods A total of 84 elderly patients who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy were selected and randomly divided into the room temperature group(disinfected with iodophor at a temperature of 24℃)and the warmed group(disinfected with iodophor at a temperature of 39℃),with 42 cases in each group.The disinfection qualification status,incision infection status,nasopharyngeal temperature,awakening time,adverse reactions,intraoperative blood loss,incision drainage volume,and hidden blood loss of patients in the two groups were compared.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the disinfection qualification rate or incision infection rate between the two groups(P>0.05).At 10 minutes,30 minutes,60 minutes after disinfection and the end of the operation,the nasopharyngeal temperatures of patients in the warmed group were significantly higher than those in the room temperature group(P<0.05).The awakening time of patients in the warmed group was significantly shorter than that in the room temperature group(P<0.05),and the incidences of intraoperative hypothermia and shivering reaction after awakening were significantly lower than those in the room temperature group(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the intraoperative blood loss or incision drainage volume of patients between the two groups(P>0.05),while the hidden blood loss of patients in the room temperature group was significantly higher than that in the warmed group(P<0.05).Conclusion The iodophor at a temperature of 39℃for preoperative disinfection in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy can not only ensure the disinfection effect and surgical safety,but also effectively maintain intraoperative body temperature stability,promote postoperative awakening,and reduce hidden blood loss.

Objective:To assess the feasibility and security the orientation of foreign bodies using a portable X-ray machine in computer-aided navigation surgery.Methods:A model with a metallic foreign body was constructed.Under the fluoroscopy of a portable X-ray machine,4 points on 2 straight lines passing through the tip of the foreign body were recorded by the navigation e-quipment,and subsequently,the midpoints of the common perpendicular segments of the 2 lines were calculated as the coordinates of the foreign body(Bilinear Method).2 operators measured the coordinates of the foreign body 10 times and compared the measured coordinates of the foreign body with the actual coordinates of the foreign body in order to analyze the accuracy of the Bilinear Method.Radiation doses to model area and operators at different locations were measured using ionizing radiation detectors.Results:The ac-curacy of the Bilinear Method for measuring foreign body coordinates was(1.98±0.77)mm,and that of the 2 operators was 1.55±0.68 and 2.40±0.36 respectively(P=0.02).The radiation dose was(221.45±50.15)μSv in the model and(4.44±1.35)μSv in the operator's chest.Conclusion:The accuracy of the coordinates of the foreign body intraoperation measured by Bilinear Method meets general clinical needs,and different operators may produce different accuracy.The radiation dose is small.

Objective:To explore the role of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor α (RORα) in cognitive impairment induced by chronic alcohol consumption in mice.Methods:(1)The SPF grade RORαflox/flox transgenic mice aged 8 weeks were generated, and 22 transgenic mice were evenly divided into two groups by the method of matching body mass, which were the control group (Con group) and the alcohol group (EtOH group), with 11 mice in each group.(2)Emx1-Cre transgenic mice were used to selectively knock out the RORα gene in the forebrain of RORαflox/flox transgenic mice, producing conditional knockout mice (cKO mice) with the genotype RORαflox/flox-Emx1-Cre+ /+. Fourteen cKO mice were further split into two groups by the method of matching body mass, which were the conditional knockout group (cKO group) and the conditional knockout + alcohol group (cKO + EtOH group), with 7 mice in each group. A chronic alcohol use cognitive impairment model was developed in the EtOH group and cKO + EtOH group through the two-bottle free-choice method, while the Con group and cKO group were given two bottles of water for the same period. Cognitive abilities of mice in all groups were evaluated using behavioral novel object recognition test and Y-maze test.RORα mRNA and protein expression levels in the hippocampus of the Con group and EtOH group were assessed by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively.The GraphPad Prism 9.0 software was used for data analysis.One-way ANOVA was used for the comparison of multiple groups and Tukey test was used for further pairwise comparisons.Results:(1) Comparison between Con group and EtOH group: the relative levels of ROR α protein (0.63±0.04) and mRNA (0.78±0.03) in the hippocampus of mice in the EtOH group were significantly lower than those in the Con group((1.00±0.06), (1.00±0.05), both P<0.05). The duration of the EtOH group in the Y maze was significantly lower than that of the Con group ((212.30±32.05) s, (129.30±21.50) s, P<0.05), and the new object recognition index of the EtOH group was lower than that of the Con group ((14.73±25.49)% vs (-15.55±27.88)%, P=0.08). (2)Comparison between Con group and cKO group: the frequency and duration of entering the Y maze of mice in the cKO group ((7.43±2.30) times, (124.10±13.95) s) were lower than those in the Con group ((14.90±3.65) times, (212.30±32.05) s, both P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the new object recognition index between the cKO group and the Con group ( P>0.05). (3) Comparison between the cKO+ EtOH group and the cKO group: the frequency ((2.71±1.11)times) and duration ((161.70±17.95) s) of entering the new heteroarm of Y maze in the KO+ EtOH group were lower than those in the cKO group ((7.43±2.30) times, (124.10±13.95) s, both P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in the new object recognition index ( P>0.05). (4) Comparison between the cKO+ EtOH group and the EtOH group: the frequency of entering new heteroarm of the Y maze in the cKO+ EtOH group ((2.71±1.11)times) was significantly lower than that in the EtOH group (12.18±4.49) ( P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference in other behavioral results between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Chronic alcohol consumption leads to cognitive impairment through the downregulation of RORα in the hippocampus of mice. Specific knockout of RORα in the forebrain exacerbates cognitive impairment induced by chronic alcohol use. RORα may represent a potential therapeutic target for cognitive impairment resulting from chronic alcohol consumption.

Objective:To explore the role of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor α (RORα) in cognitive impairment induced by chronic alcohol consumption in mice.Methods:(1)The SPF grade RORαflox/flox transgenic mice aged 8 weeks were generated, and 22 transgenic mice were evenly divided into two groups by the method of matching body mass, which were the control group (Con group) and the alcohol group (EtOH group), with 11 mice in each group.(2)Emx1-Cre transgenic mice were used to selectively knock out the RORα gene in the forebrain of RORαflox/flox transgenic mice, producing conditional knockout mice (cKO mice) with the genotype RORαflox/flox-Emx1-Cre+ /+. Fourteen cKO mice were further split into two groups by the method of matching body mass, which were the conditional knockout group (cKO group) and the conditional knockout + alcohol group (cKO + EtOH group), with 7 mice in each group. A chronic alcohol use cognitive impairment model was developed in the EtOH group and cKO + EtOH group through the two-bottle free-choice method, while the Con group and cKO group were given two bottles of water for the same period. Cognitive abilities of mice in all groups were evaluated using behavioral novel object recognition test and Y-maze test.RORα mRNA and protein expression levels in the hippocampus of the Con group and EtOH group were assessed by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively.The GraphPad Prism 9.0 software was used for data analysis.One-way ANOVA was used for the comparison of multiple groups and Tukey test was used for further pairwise comparisons.Results:(1) Comparison between Con group and EtOH group: the relative levels of ROR α protein (0.63±0.04) and mRNA (0.78±0.03) in the hippocampus of mice in the EtOH group were significantly lower than those in the Con group((1.00±0.06), (1.00±0.05), both P<0.05). The duration of the EtOH group in the Y maze was significantly lower than that of the Con group ((212.30±32.05) s, (129.30±21.50) s, P<0.05), and the new object recognition index of the EtOH group was lower than that of the Con group ((14.73±25.49)% vs (-15.55±27.88)%, P=0.08). (2)Comparison between Con group and cKO group: the frequency and duration of entering the Y maze of mice in the cKO group ((7.43±2.30) times, (124.10±13.95) s) were lower than those in the Con group ((14.90±3.65) times, (212.30±32.05) s, both P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the new object recognition index between the cKO group and the Con group ( P>0.05). (3) Comparison between the cKO+ EtOH group and the cKO group: the frequency ((2.71±1.11)times) and duration ((161.70±17.95) s) of entering the new heteroarm of Y maze in the KO+ EtOH group were lower than those in the cKO group ((7.43±2.30) times, (124.10±13.95) s, both P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in the new object recognition index ( P>0.05). (4) Comparison between the cKO+ EtOH group and the EtOH group: the frequency of entering new heteroarm of the Y maze in the cKO+ EtOH group ((2.71±1.11)times) was significantly lower than that in the EtOH group (12.18±4.49) ( P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference in other behavioral results between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Chronic alcohol consumption leads to cognitive impairment through the downregulation of RORα in the hippocampus of mice. Specific knockout of RORα in the forebrain exacerbates cognitive impairment induced by chronic alcohol use. RORα may represent a potential therapeutic target for cognitive impairment resulting from chronic alcohol consumption.

LHFPL5 gene is involved in the electromechanical conduction of cochlear hair cells and plays an important role in maintaining hearing and balance functions.This review aims to investigate the mechanism of LHF-PL5 gene and its related proteins in the pathogenesis of hearing loss.We analyzed the hearing loss caused by LHF-PL5 gene mutation,and discussed the characteristics of hearing loss population.The molecular etiology of deafness caused by LHFPL5 gene was discussed through the conclusion and summary of the study results,which provided a basis for whether LHFPL5 gene screening was necessary for deaf people in China,and provided theoretical guidance for subsequent basic research and clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of diversified teaching methods in the clinical teaching of nurses training in extracorporeal membrane pulmonary oxygenation (ECMO) .Methods:From March 2019 to August 2023, 167 out-of-hospital nurses who furthered their knowledge of ECMO at China-Japan Friendship Hospital were selected using convenience sampling method. ECMO training and teaching team was set up, adopting a three-tier teaching management model of "nurse leader-teaching instructor-clinical instructor", and implementing a diversified teaching method that integrated nursing rounds teaching, scenario simulation teaching, and Workshop teaching. Theoretical scores before and after training, operational scores after training, application effects after returning to the hospital and satisfaction with diversified teaching were recorded for training nurses.Results:After training, the theoretical scores of the training nurses were (76.59±6.88), which were higher than the pre-training scores of (52.74±6.86), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). The post-training nurses' operational score was (94.10±3.26) and the satisfaction of the training nurses with the teaching was 95.81% (160/167). When applying ECMO back to the hospital after the training, more than 95% of the nurses believed that the degree of medical and nursing cooperation increased, the time of tube placement and the preparation time for supplies shortened, the completeness of supplies preparation improved, and they were able to respond successfully to emergency events in ECMO patients. Conclusions:Diversified teaching methods can improve the comprehensive specialty competence of ECMO training nurses and help to improve the quality of teaching in the department, which can be promoted and applied in the teaching of ECMO training.

Natural arabinogalactan， an important polysaccharide， has a wide range of sources， a complex structure， various biological activities， and great application potential. Natural arabinogalactan is mainly rich in plants and microorganisms， and its structure varies due to different sources， including types Ⅰ， type Ⅱ， type Ⅱ-related types， and new configurations. Natural arabinogalactan has shown a variety of biological activities， such as anti-tumor， anti-oxidation， anti-coagulation， anti-aging， blood glucose-lowering， intestinal health-maintaining， anti-inflammatory， and immunomodulatory activities. In addition， natural arabinogalactan shows good biocompatibility and low toxicity， serving as a potential material in the biomedical field. Natural arabinogalactan has been designed as a carrier in the drug delivery system to effectively improve drug stability and targeting. Natural arabinogalactan is often added to skin care products to help delay skin aging and enhance skin barrier function because of their moisturizing and antioxidant properties. Additionally， natural arabinogalactan acts as a thickener， stabilizer， and emulsifier to improve the texture and taste while enhancing the nutritional value of food products. The review of latest research reports is helpful to further understand the relationship between the structure， biological activity， and functional application of natural arabinogalactan and provides an important reference for future research and development.

Objective:This study systematically summarized the construction experience of the immunology platform at the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third Hospital, aiming to provide theoretical references and practical guidance for research-oriented hospitals in building high-quality research platforms.Methods:This study employed case study analysis to elaborate on the platform development initiatives, integrating literature analysis and in-depth interviews to conduct a horizontal comparison of management models among peer research platforms.Results:Through five years of development, the platform had achieved remarkable outcomes via a model integrating ″Talent cultivation-Technological innovation-Equipment procurement″ Research talents had demonstrated breakthroughs in securing national-level research grants, publishing high-impact papers, and obtaining scientific awards. The technical service system had achieved enhancement in both service scope and professional depth, fostering robust interdisciplinary synergy. The platform had effectively expanded its societal engagement capacity.Conclusions:The sustainable advancement of research-oriented hospital immunology platform necessitates establishing standardized flow cytometry databases and implementing high-dimensional data integration. Building upon multidisciplinary convergence, it is imperative to pioneer innovative operational mechanisms characterized by efficiency, open-access, and shared frameworks.

Objective To analyze the mutation status of Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog(KRAS),phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha(PIK3CA),v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1(BRAF)genes,and the expression of mismatch repair(MMR)and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER-2)proteins in tumor tissues of patients with colorectal cancer(CRC)harboring neuroblastoma rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog(NRAS)gene mutations,and explore their relationships with the clinicopathological characteristics of CRC patients.Methods The clinicopathological data of 546 patients with NRAS mutation CRC were retrospectively analyzed.The mutation status of NRAS,KRAS,PIK3CA,and BRAF genes was detected by AmoyDx amplification refractory mutation system(ARMS)-polymerase chain reaction(PCR)kit(fluorescent PCR method),the expression levels of MMR and HER-2 proteins were detected by immunohistochemical staining EnVision method,and the relationship between them and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients were analyzed.Results The mutation rate of single-point mutations in the NRAS gene was 98.35%(537/546),double-point mutations in the NRAS gene were 1.65%(9/546),and double mutations in the NRAS and KRAS genes were 1.47%(8/546).No patients were found to harbor mutations in the PIK3CA or BRAF genes.The types of NRAS mutations included Q61R(or Q61K,Q61L,Q61H)mutations(266/546,48.72%),G12D(or G12S)mutations(154/546,28.21%),G13R(or G12C,G12V,G12A,G13V)mutations(134/546,24.54%),and A146T mutation(1/546,0.18%).G13R(or G12C,G12V,G12A,G13V)mutations in the NRAS gene were more likely to occur in the rectum cancer patients(P=0.035);although the tumors had a larger diameter(P=0.029),the patients had a longer progression-free survival after surgery(P=0.028).Among patients with NRAS gene mutations,HER-2 positive expression was associated with perineural invasion(P=0.003),and the patients with deficient MMR were younger on average(P=0.041)and were associated with double-point mutations in the NRAS gene(P=0.018).Conclusion CRC harboring NRAS mutations may have unique clinicopathological characteristics and molecular phenotypes,providing possibilities for individualized treatment and prognosis evaluation of CRC.