Contralateral radiculopathy, a postoperative complication after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, refers to postoperative numbness, pain and other neurological symptoms of the lower limb on the side opposite to the symptomatic or the surgical decompression side. Its main causes include excessive restoration of lordosis, intervertebral space tilt caused by improper cage position, poor screw position, new protrusion of nucleus pulposus or bone graft, and hematoma. At present, attention to this complication is gradually increasing. This review summarizes its risk factors from the recent related reports of the condition and puts forward preventive measures in order to promote the preventive awareness of this complication.

BACKGROUND:Facet joint osteoarthritis is acknowledged as a significant contributor to lower back pain in the geriatric population.The advent of an innovative spinal facet joint fusion device presents a therapeutic option for intervening during the initial stages of facet joint osteoarthritis,and significantly reduces the incidence of a series of complications caused by poor early conservative treatment and late surgical treatment.However,its effect on the biomechanics of the lumbar spine is unknown.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the biomechanical disparities between the novel lumbar zygapophyseal joint fusion device and traditional fusion devices.METHODS:A comprehensive three-dimensional finite element model of the L3-S1 lumbar spine was established and validated.Based on this intact model,three groups of surgical models were constructed:a bilateral pedicle screw fixation model,a bilateral novel facet joint fusion fixation model,and a bilateral facet screw fixation model,with the surgical segment designated as L4-5.Under a load of 500 N,a torque of 7.5 Nm was applied to all lumbar models to calculate the range of motion,displacement values,and intervertebral disc stress values at the L4-5 segment;stress values at the L3-4 and L5-S1 segments were also measured.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the intact model,the range of motion at the L4-5 segment was reduced in all surgical models.(2)The novel device exhibited the smallest range of motion at the L4-5 segment under left and right rotational conditions;the greatest range of motion at the L4-5 segment under extension conditions;and a greater range of motion under other conditions than the bilateral pedicle screw fixation model.(3)The novel device demonstrated the smallest displacement values at the L4-5 segment under left and right rotational conditions;under other conditions,the displacement values at the L4-5 segment were greater than those in the bilateral pedicle screw fixation model.(4)In terms of stress distribution at the L4-5 segment,the novel device consistently exhibited the smallest values across all conditions.(5)For the L3-4 segment,the novel device showed the greatest stress values under extension and left and right rotational conditions,while under other conditions,the values were lower than those in the bilateral pedicle screw fixation model.(6)Compared with pedicle screw fixation,the novel device produced smaller stress values at the L5-S1 segment.(7)This study indicates that,compared with pedicle screw fixation,the novel device impacts the biomechanics of the lumbar spine by fusing the facet joints.It provides stability while preserving the range of motion at the surgical segment and reduces stress on the intervertebral discs of the surgical and adjacent segments,thereby potentially delaying disc degeneration.This suggests that the novel device can achieve biomechanical effects similar to those of pedicle screw fixation in theory.

BACKGROUND:Facet joint osteoarthritis is acknowledged as a significant contributor to lower back pain in the geriatric population.The advent of an innovative spinal facet joint fusion device presents a therapeutic option for intervening during the initial stages of facet joint osteoarthritis,and significantly reduces the incidence of a series of complications caused by poor early conservative treatment and late surgical treatment.However,its effect on the biomechanics of the lumbar spine is unknown.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the biomechanical disparities between the novel lumbar zygapophyseal joint fusion device and traditional fusion devices.METHODS:A comprehensive three-dimensional finite element model of the L3-S1 lumbar spine was established and validated.Based on this intact model,three groups of surgical models were constructed:a bilateral pedicle screw fixation model,a bilateral novel facet joint fusion fixation model,and a bilateral facet screw fixation model,with the surgical segment designated as L4-5.Under a load of 500 N,a torque of 7.5 Nm was applied to all lumbar models to calculate the range of motion,displacement values,and intervertebral disc stress values at the L4-5 segment;stress values at the L3-4 and L5-S1 segments were also measured.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the intact model,the range of motion at the L4-5 segment was reduced in all surgical models.(2)The novel device exhibited the smallest range of motion at the L4-5 segment under left and right rotational conditions;the greatest range of motion at the L4-5 segment under extension conditions;and a greater range of motion under other conditions than the bilateral pedicle screw fixation model.(3)The novel device demonstrated the smallest displacement values at the L4-5 segment under left and right rotational conditions;under other conditions,the displacement values at the L4-5 segment were greater than those in the bilateral pedicle screw fixation model.(4)In terms of stress distribution at the L4-5 segment,the novel device consistently exhibited the smallest values across all conditions.(5)For the L3-4 segment,the novel device showed the greatest stress values under extension and left and right rotational conditions,while under other conditions,the values were lower than those in the bilateral pedicle screw fixation model.(6)Compared with pedicle screw fixation,the novel device produced smaller stress values at the L5-S1 segment.(7)This study indicates that,compared with pedicle screw fixation,the novel device impacts the biomechanics of the lumbar spine by fusing the facet joints.It provides stability while preserving the range of motion at the surgical segment and reduces stress on the intervertebral discs of the surgical and adjacent segments,thereby potentially delaying disc degeneration.This suggests that the novel device can achieve biomechanical effects similar to those of pedicle screw fixation in theory.

Contralateral radiculopathy, a postoperative complication after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, refers to postoperative numbness, pain and other neurological symptoms of the lower limb on the side opposite to the symptomatic or the surgical decompression side. Its main causes include excessive restoration of lordosis, intervertebral space tilt caused by improper cage position, poor screw position, new protrusion of nucleus pulposus or bone graft, and hematoma. At present, attention to this complication is gradually increasing. This review summarizes its risk factors from the recent related reports of the condition and puts forward preventive measures in order to promote the preventive awareness of this complication.

OBJECTIVETo explore the significance of plasma levels of mannan-binding lectin (MBL)-associated serine protease 2 (MASP2) in children with upper respiratory tract infection (URTI).

METHODSA total of 103 children with URTI and 35 healthy children were examined for plasma levels of MASP2 and C-reactive protein (CRP). According to CRP levels, white blood cell count (WBC), stage of infection, and administration of treatments, the children with URTI were divided into the elevated CRP group (n=48) and the normal CRP group (n=54), elevated WBC group (n=61) and normal WBC group (n=40), the early stage of infection without treatment group (n=68) and mid-late stage of infection with treatment group (n=35).

RESULTSPlasma MASP2 levels was significantly higher in URTI group than in the healthy control group (P<0.001) and showed a close correlation with age (r=0.302, P<0.01). Plasma MASP2 level was significantly correlated with CRP level in elevated CRP group (r=0.310, P<0.05) but not in normal CRP group (P>0.05), correlated with WBC in elevated WBC group (r=0.392, P<0.01) but not in normal WBC group (P>0.05), and was significantly higher in early stage infection without treatment group than in mid-late stage of infection with treatment group (P<0.01). MASP2, MBL2 and CRP genes had a common binding site for the transcription factor HNF-4α.

CONCLUSIONSMASP2 may be an acute-phase protein, and its plasma level might serve as a new reference index in the diagnosis of URTI in children.

C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Mannose-Binding Protein-Associated Serine Proteases ; metabolism ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; blood

Absteact:Objective To explore the significance of plasma levels of mannan-binding lectin (MBL)-associated serine protease 2 (MASP2) in children with upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). Methods A total of 103 children with URTI and 35 healthy children were examined for plasma levels of MASP2 and C-reactive protein (CRP). According to CRP levels, white blood cell count (WBC), stage of infection, and administration of treatments, the children with URTI were divided into the elevated CRP group (n=48) and the normal CRP group (n=54), elevated WBC group (n=61) and normal WBC group (n=40), the early stage of infection without treatment group (n=68) and mid-late stage of infection with treatment group (n=35). Results Plasma MASP2 levels was significantly higher in URTI group than in the healthy control group (P<0.001) and showed a close correlation with age (r=0.302, P<0.01). Plasma MASP2 level was significantly correlated with CRP level in elevated CRP group (r=0.310, P<0.05) but not in normal CRP group (P>0.05), correlated with WBC in elevated WBC group (r=0.392, P<0.01) but not in normal WBC group (P>0.05), and was significantly higher in early stage infection without treatment group than in mid-late stage of infection with treatment group (P<0.01). MASP2, MBL2 and CRP genes had a common binding site for the transcription factor HNF-4α. Conclusion MASP2 may be an acute-phase protein, and its plasma level might serve as a new reference index in the diagnosis of URTI in children.

Absteact:Objective To explore the significance of plasma levels of mannan-binding lectin (MBL)-associated serine protease 2 (MASP2) in children with upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). Methods A total of 103 children with URTI and 35 healthy children were examined for plasma levels of MASP2 and C-reactive protein (CRP). According to CRP levels, white blood cell count (WBC), stage of infection, and administration of treatments, the children with URTI were divided into the elevated CRP group (n=48) and the normal CRP group (n=54), elevated WBC group (n=61) and normal WBC group (n=40), the early stage of infection without treatment group (n=68) and mid-late stage of infection with treatment group (n=35). Results Plasma MASP2 levels was significantly higher in URTI group than in the healthy control group (P<0.001) and showed a close correlation with age (r=0.302, P<0.01). Plasma MASP2 level was significantly correlated with CRP level in elevated CRP group (r=0.310, P<0.05) but not in normal CRP group (P>0.05), correlated with WBC in elevated WBC group (r=0.392, P<0.01) but not in normal WBC group (P>0.05), and was significantly higher in early stage infection without treatment group than in mid-late stage of infection with treatment group (P<0.01). MASP2, MBL2 and CRP genes had a common binding site for the transcription factor HNF-4α. Conclusion MASP2 may be an acute-phase protein, and its plasma level might serve as a new reference index in the diagnosis of URTI in children.

Objective:To investigate the biomechanical effect of magn et ic expansion by a new electronic speckle pattern interferometry. Methods :One fresh human skull of 12 years old with intact suture tissues and pe riodontal membrane was adopted. Magnetic expansion was loaded on the maxilla for 1,5,15,30 and 60 min respectively by magnetic force (NdFeB).Relative informa tion on the maxillary complex was acquired by electronic speckle pattern interfe rometry(ESPI). The deforming fringes was processed by the microcomputer image s ystem and the corresponding out-of plane displacement of the maxillary complex was analyzed. Results:Fringes of the maxillary complex were obs erved on monitor screen when magnetic force was loaded. From 1 min to 30 min-lo ading the fringe density was increasing, but decreased 1 h after loading. There was no fringe in the suture of the skull. Greate deformity was found on the lowe r part of maxilla. Conclusion:Magnetic force of expansion is con centrated in the deep structure of the maxillary complex.