Objective: To analyze the surveillance data of schistosomiasis and snail status in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province from 2001 to 2024, so as to provide the reference for prevention and control of schistosomiasis in jiaxing City. Methods: Data on schistosomiasis and snail surveillance in Jiaxing City from 2001 to 2024 were collected through schistosomiasis control work reports and the Zhejiang Provincial Schistosomiasis (Parasitic Diseases) Control Information Management System. These data included serological testing results, stool etiological examination (stool examination) results, area surveyed for snails, snail-infested areas, number of snail-positive frames, and number of live snails. Indicators, including the positive rate of serological testing, the positive rate of stool examinations, the rate of snail-positive frames, and the density of live snails were analyzed. The Prophet time series model was employed to forecast the schistosomiasis epidemic in Jiaxing City from 2025 to 2029. Results: A total of 636 493 serological testing were conducted in Jiaxing City from 2001 to 2024, with a positive rate of 1.532%, showing a decreasing trend (P<0.05). Among 7 582 stool examinations, positive cases were all imported, resulting in a positivity rate of 0.066%. During the same period, snail surveys covered a cumulative area of 30 545.999 hm2, with snail-infested areas totaling 69.355 hm2; no significant trend was observed (P>0.05). All snail habitats were identified as recurrent foci within hydrographic network regions, primarily distributed across Xiuzhou District, Nanhu District, Pinghu City, Jiashan County, and Tongxiang City, with snail-infested areas of 39.588, 12.538, 10.728, 4.315, and 2.186 hm2, respectively. From 2009 to 2024, a total of 35 692 134 frames of snails were surveyed, of which 16 543 were snail-positive, yielding a snail-positive frame rate of 0.046%. A total of 33 175 live snails were collected, with a mean density of 0.000 98 snails per frame. No infected Oncomelania snails were detected. The projection results indicated that from 2025 to 2029, the positive rate of serological testing rate in Jiaxing City would range between 0.253% to 0.389%, the snail-infested areas would range from 0.025 to 1.818 hm2, and the density of live snails would vary from 0.001 56 to 0.001 66 snails per frame. None of these indicators showed a significant trend (all P>0.05). Conclusions From 2001 to 2024, the positive rate of serological testing rate of schistosomiasis in Jiaxing City showed a declining trend, with no new autochthonous cases or infected Oncomelania snails detected. However, imported cases were still reported. All identified snail habitats were recurrent foci within hydrographic network regions. It is recommended to enhance schistosomiasis and snail status surveillance in high-risk areas.

Background Accurate T-staging is critical for esophageal cancer therapy,but CT-based assessment has significant limitations.Large vision models(LVMs)hold promise,yet their zero-shot clinical diagnostic capability without fine-tuning remains unvalidated.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the chest CT images from 98 esophageal cancer patients and 50 normal controls.Using radiologist-consensus as the gold standard,the zero-shot T-staging performance of 3 LVMs(GPT-5,Gemini,and MedGemma)was evaluated with prompts of varying complexity.Results GPT-5 exhibited the highest accuracy and stability.Significant biases were observed among models:Gemini tended to over-stage,while MedGemma showed a tendency to under-stage.All models faced challenges in identifying early-stage tumors,but structured prompts improved diagnostic performance for mid-to-late stage lesions.Conclusion LVMs have potential for zero-shot T-staging,but their performance highly depends on model choice and prompt design.The generic model GPT-5 show superior zero-shot generalization.However,current model performance is not yet clinically viable,especially for early diagnosis.Future work should focus on fine-tuning with high-quality clinical data and developing standardized prompt frameworks.

Esophageal cancer is a malignant tumor of the digestive tract,with squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma accounting for over 99%of cases.Most patients are diagnosed at a locally advanced stage,and the efficacy of surgery alone is unsatisfactory.To improve the survival rate of patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer,researchers have explored a comprehensive treatment model based on neoadjuvant therapy,including neoadjuvant chemotherapy,neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy,neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy,and neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemoradiotherapy.Due to the differences in treatment sensitivity between squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma,this article systematically reviewed the response characteristics of different pathological types of esopha-geal cancer to neoadjuvant therapy using the latest clinical research data.

Background Accurate T-staging is critical for esophageal cancer therapy,but CT-based assessment has significant limitations.Large vision models(LVMs)hold promise,yet their zero-shot clinical diagnostic capability without fine-tuning remains unvalidated.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the chest CT images from 98 esophageal cancer patients and 50 normal controls.Using radiologist-consensus as the gold standard,the zero-shot T-staging performance of 3 LVMs(GPT-5,Gemini,and MedGemma)was evaluated with prompts of varying complexity.Results GPT-5 exhibited the highest accuracy and stability.Significant biases were observed among models:Gemini tended to over-stage,while MedGemma showed a tendency to under-stage.All models faced challenges in identifying early-stage tumors,but structured prompts improved diagnostic performance for mid-to-late stage lesions.Conclusion LVMs have potential for zero-shot T-staging,but their performance highly depends on model choice and prompt design.The generic model GPT-5 show superior zero-shot generalization.However,current model performance is not yet clinically viable,especially for early diagnosis.Future work should focus on fine-tuning with high-quality clinical data and developing standardized prompt frameworks.

Esophageal cancer is a malignant tumor of the digestive tract,with squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma accounting for over 99%of cases.Most patients are diagnosed at a locally advanced stage,and the efficacy of surgery alone is unsatisfactory.To improve the survival rate of patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer,researchers have explored a comprehensive treatment model based on neoadjuvant therapy,including neoadjuvant chemotherapy,neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy,neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy,and neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemoradiotherapy.Due to the differences in treatment sensitivity between squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma,this article systematically reviewed the response characteristics of different pathological types of esopha-geal cancer to neoadjuvant therapy using the latest clinical research data.

ObjectiveTo genotype Oncomelania hupensis， based on microsatellites， in different snail-bearing environments in Jiaxing City， Zhejiang Province， for population genetics analysis in order to explore the reasons and influencing factors for the existence or proliferation of snails and to provide scientific basis for effective monitoring and control of snails. MethodsA total of 90 snail samples from three populations were collected in Yaobang Village （YB） and Sanxing Village （SX） in Pinghu City， and Yunhe Farm （YH） in Xiuzhou District， all were selected for snail checking in key snail habitats of Jiaxing City in 2022. DNA of the snails was genotyped and analyzed for population genetics using nine microsatellite loci. ResultsA total of 84 alleles were observed， and the mean number of alleles （Na） was 7.889， 5.667， and 3.778 for YB， SX， and YH respectively； the number of effective alleles （NeA） was 4.807， 3.329， and 2.294， respectively； and the coefficients of inbreeding （F_IS） were 0.400， 0.377， and 0.493， respectively. Under the Infinite Allele Model （IAM）， the SX and YH might have a recent bottleneck. The NEstimator and LDNe software calculated effective population sizes （Ne） were above 31.9. AMOVA analysis showed that the variation of snails in the three populations mainly existed among individuals， accounting for 41.4% of the total variation. The value of the index of genetic differentiation between populations （F_ST） was 0.286， indicating a high degree of genetic differentiation. The results of the principal component analysis and phylogenetic tree were consistent， and the three populations were divided into two lineages， YB and SX were one lineage， and YH belonged to another independent lineage. Population history and dynamics analysis showed that the gene flow of the three populations was insufficient， population divergence history indicated that YH might have diverged from SX first， and YB was produced by the contact fusion of SX and YH. ConclusionThe genetic diversity of snail populations in Jiaxing City is generally low， and the snail populations are unstable， with a great degree of genetic differentiation and insufficient gene flow among populations. This study can provide a basis for evaluating the effectiveness of the control of the snail as well as monitoring the trend of the spread of the snail.

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of all-trans retinoic acid(ATRA)on the function of NK cells dam-aged by oxidative stress in liver fibrosis.Methods:Mouse model with liver injury was established by carbon tetrachloride(CCl4),biochemical and pathological assays were used to evaluate the degree of liver injury and fibrosis in mice,and changes of NK cells and oxidative stress injury in liver tissue of mice were observed.In vitro,NK92 cell lines damaged by H2O2 oxidative stress were evaluated the protective effect of ATRA.Results:Liver inflammation and fibrosis were suppressed and liver function was improved in CCl4 model mice by ATRA treatment.ATRA could increase SOD activity and GSH content in liver tissue,which promoted the proportion and num-ber of hepatic NK cells.ATRA could protect NK cells from oxidative damage and apoptosis induced by H2O2 in vitro.Conclusion:ATRA can ameliorate liver injury and fibrosis induced by CCl4,which may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress on NK cells.

ObjectiveTo analyze the monitoring data of schistosomiasis from 2004 to 2021 in Suzhou New District， Jiangsu Province， and to provide evidence for improving schistosomiasis elimination strategies. MethodsFollowing the Opinions on Prevention and Control of Schistosomiasis， Parasitic Diseases and Endemic Diseases in Suzhou and the Technical Plan for Prevention and Control of Schistosomiasis， Parasitic Diseases and Endemic Diseases in Suzhou， the monitoring of schistosomiasis in the population and snail habitats from 2004 to 2021 was conducted. The Mann-Kendall method and Joinpoint regression method were employed to analyze the trend of epidemic indicators （such as seropositive rate， prevalence of snail frames， etc.）. Time series analysis （exponential smoothing model） was conducted to predict snail occurrence. ResultsFrom 2004 to 2021， a total of 73 680 people were serologically tested for schistosomiasis， with a positive rate of 0.084%. The seropositivity rate showed statistically significant differences between different years （χ²=70.73， P<0.05）， but there was no significant trend over time. In addition， 3 053 fecal tests were conducted and no positive result was found. The snail habitats covered an area of 70.11 hm² and showed a decreasing trend （Z=-1.97， P<0.05）. A total of 30 093 frames were surveyed， of which 19.038% contained snails. The difference in the prevalence of snail frames between different years was statistically significant （χ²=7 203.09， P<0.05）， with a decreasing trend in the prevalence of snail frames （Z=-2.05， P<0.05）. A total of 26 296 live snails were seized and density of live snails was 0.874 snails per frame， showing a decreasing trend in the density of live snails （Z=-2.35， P<0.05）. A total of 12 391 snails were dissected and no infected snail was found. The areas treated with molluscicides remained stable at 264.60 hm². An area of 27.77 hm² achieved the goal of snail eradication through environmental modification， with a decreasing trend （Z=-2.44， P<0.05）. It is estimated that the prevalence of snail frames and snail density will remain relatively stable from 2022 to 2026， but the snail habitat area will fluctuate significantly， showing an increasing trend. ConclusionNo indigenous cases of schistosomiasis and no infected snails are reported， indicating the successful consolidation of schistosomiasis prevention and control measures. However， the snail habitat area fluctuates greatly with an increasing trend， suggesting the need for long-term Oncomelania snail monitoring in local areas.

Objective:To investigate the effects of vitrification and transplantation on mouse ovarian tissues.Methods:Female ICR mice were divided into three groups: fresh-control group ( in vitro oocyte maturation and fertilization, n=9), fresh-transplanted group (ovarian tissue transplantation, in vitro oocyte maturation and fertilization, n=9), frozen-transplanted group (ovarian tissue vitrification-thawed-transplantation, in vitro oocyte maturation and fertilization, n=9). Additionally, frozen-thawed group (ovarian tissue vitrification-thawed, n=6) and ovariectomy group (ovariectomy, n=6) were also set up, to more directly explain the effects of vitrification and freezing on the number of follicles and the changes of endocrine function after ovarian transplantation. We determined the number of follicles by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, neovascularization by CD31 immunohistochemical staining, tissue fibrosis by Masson staining, and serum sex hormone levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) three weeks following ovarian tissue transplantation. In addition, we counted the number of oocytes obtained, oocytes in vitro fertilized, as well as blastocysts. Results:The number of total follicles in both the fresh-transplanted group and the frozen-transplanted group significantly decreased compared with the fresh-control group (all P<0.001) and the frozen-thawed group (all P<0.001). The CD31-positive rate of ovarian tissues in the fresh-transplanted group was significantly higher than that in the fresh-control group ( P=0.044). Although the CD31-positive rate was higher in the frozen-transplanted group than in the fresh-control group, there was no statistical distinction ( P=0.162). The fibrosis area percentage of ovarian tissues in both the fresh-transplanted group and the frozen-transplanted group increased significantly compared with the fresh-control group ( P=0.004; P=0.005). Serum estradiol level in the fresh-transplanted group and the frozen-transplanted group was significantly lower than that in fresh-control group ( P=0.005; P=0.001), significantly higher than that in the ovariectomy group ( P=0.011; P=0.035). Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level in the fresh-transplanted group and the frozen-transplanted group was significantly higher than that in the fresh-control group ( P=0.040; P=0.012), significantly lower than that in the ovariectomy group ( P=0.001; P=0.004). In comparison to the fresh-control group, the number of oocytes retrieved in the fresh-transplanted group and the frozen-transplanted group decreased significantly (all P<0.001). Furthermore, the number of oocytes retrieved in the fresh-transplanted group was higher than that in the frozen-transplanted group, and yet there was no statistical difference ( P=0.272). And the number of oocytes in vitro fertilized and blastocysts in the fresh-transplanted group and the frozen-transplanted group were significantly lower than those in the fresh-control group (all P<0.001). The number of total follicles, CD31-positive rate, fibrosis area rate, serum estradiol, and FSH levels, the number of oocytes in vitro fertilized and blastocysts were no substantially distinction between the fresh-transplanted group and the frozen-transplanted group (all P>0.05). Conclusion:?After ovarian tissue vitrification-thawed and transplantation, follicular growth, endocrine function, and fertility were restored in the mouse model, confirming that ovarian tissue vitrification is an effective method for female fertility preservation. Both vitrification and transplantation could cause follicles to be lost and fertility to decrease. And post-transplantation stage is the primary stage of follicle loss during ovarian tissue frozen-thawed-transplantation, and transplantation is the predominant factor affecting the effectiveness of ovarian tissue frozen-thawed-transplantation.

Objective:To investigate the effects of vitrification and transplantation on mouse ovarian tissues.Methods:Female ICR mice were divided into three groups: fresh-control group ( in vitro oocyte maturation and fertilization, n=9), fresh-transplanted group (ovarian tissue transplantation, in vitro oocyte maturation and fertilization, n=9), frozen-transplanted group (ovarian tissue vitrification-thawed-transplantation, in vitro oocyte maturation and fertilization, n=9). Additionally, frozen-thawed group (ovarian tissue vitrification-thawed, n=6) and ovariectomy group (ovariectomy, n=6) were also set up, to more directly explain the effects of vitrification and freezing on the number of follicles and the changes of endocrine function after ovarian transplantation. We determined the number of follicles by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, neovascularization by CD31 immunohistochemical staining, tissue fibrosis by Masson staining, and serum sex hormone levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) three weeks following ovarian tissue transplantation. In addition, we counted the number of oocytes obtained, oocytes in vitro fertilized, as well as blastocysts. Results:The number of total follicles in both the fresh-transplanted group and the frozen-transplanted group significantly decreased compared with the fresh-control group (all P<0.001) and the frozen-thawed group (all P<0.001). The CD31-positive rate of ovarian tissues in the fresh-transplanted group was significantly higher than that in the fresh-control group ( P=0.044). Although the CD31-positive rate was higher in the frozen-transplanted group than in the fresh-control group, there was no statistical distinction ( P=0.162). The fibrosis area percentage of ovarian tissues in both the fresh-transplanted group and the frozen-transplanted group increased significantly compared with the fresh-control group ( P=0.004; P=0.005). Serum estradiol level in the fresh-transplanted group and the frozen-transplanted group was significantly lower than that in fresh-control group ( P=0.005; P=0.001), significantly higher than that in the ovariectomy group ( P=0.011; P=0.035). Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level in the fresh-transplanted group and the frozen-transplanted group was significantly higher than that in the fresh-control group ( P=0.040; P=0.012), significantly lower than that in the ovariectomy group ( P=0.001; P=0.004). In comparison to the fresh-control group, the number of oocytes retrieved in the fresh-transplanted group and the frozen-transplanted group decreased significantly (all P<0.001). Furthermore, the number of oocytes retrieved in the fresh-transplanted group was higher than that in the frozen-transplanted group, and yet there was no statistical difference ( P=0.272). And the number of oocytes in vitro fertilized and blastocysts in the fresh-transplanted group and the frozen-transplanted group were significantly lower than those in the fresh-control group (all P<0.001). The number of total follicles, CD31-positive rate, fibrosis area rate, serum estradiol, and FSH levels, the number of oocytes in vitro fertilized and blastocysts were no substantially distinction between the fresh-transplanted group and the frozen-transplanted group (all P>0.05). Conclusion:?After ovarian tissue vitrification-thawed and transplantation, follicular growth, endocrine function, and fertility were restored in the mouse model, confirming that ovarian tissue vitrification is an effective method for female fertility preservation. Both vitrification and transplantation could cause follicles to be lost and fertility to decrease. And post-transplantation stage is the primary stage of follicle loss during ovarian tissue frozen-thawed-transplantation, and transplantation is the predominant factor affecting the effectiveness of ovarian tissue frozen-thawed-transplantation.