Background: Globally, researchers have found that while the use of synthetic drugs worldwide has increased by 2.1 2.5%, the use of natural medicines has grown by 3.5-4.8%. In modern times, the pharmaceutical industry has become more advanced, and the use of plant-based medicines is increasing. As a result, there is a growing need to identify biologically active compounds in medicinal plants and produce domestic pharmaceutical products to replace imported medicines. Due to the limited research on evaluating the quality of the raw materials of the Asian globeflower(Тrollius asiaticus L.) this study serves as a basis for assessing the quality of that flowers Aim: Determining the quality parameters of flower of Trollius asiaticus L. Materials and Methods: The research work was carried out with the support of the “Quality Control Laboratory for Medicine” of the School of Pharmacy, MNUMS. The quality assessment of flower of Trollius asiaticus L. was conducted according to established parameters outlined in the National Pharmacopoeia of Mongolia and Russian pharmacopeia and Chinese pharmacopeia methods. Parameters such as appearance, and microbiological purity were evaluated. Statistical analysis of research data was performed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 25 software to calculate the mean, standard deviation, and percentage. Results: The flower of Trollius asiaticus L. is orange red or orange, plant does not contain organic and mineral impurities, the quality analysis of flavonoid compounds by the thin layer chromatography, a spot with RF=0.5125 was detected at the same level as orientin as a standard substance, and a spot with RF=0.875 was detected at the same level as gallic acid as a standard substance when analyzing the quality of polyphenolic compounds, moisture contain is 5.52%, sulfated ash contain is 9.12%, acid insoluble ash contain is 3.39%, water soluble extract contained 36.21%, the total polyphenolic compound contained 5.37±0.22%, total flavonoid compound contained 0.0399±0.013%. Conclusion The quality parameters of flower of Trollius asiaticus L. have been determined by the Mongolia National of Pharmacopoeia, the Pharmacopoeia of Russian and China.

Background: Saponins are secondary metabolites in plants that play an important role in defense mechanisms and physiological processes. Since stomatal cells are crucial for gas exchange and water balance in plant tissues, studying the anatomical and biochemical features of stomatal cells in saponin-rich plant species provides insight into the interactions between these compounds and cellular mechanisms. This serves as the basis of our study. Aim: To determine the structure, types, and functions of stomatal cells in saponin-containing medicinal plants Materials and Methods: During June–September 2024, nine species of saponin-containing medicinal plants were collected from Bulgan, Tuv provinces, and “Gorkhi-Terelj National Park” in Mongolia. Prepared microscopic specimens were examined using macroscopic and microscopic techniques to study the structure, position, number, and epidermal features of stomatal cells. Results: The study revealed that Anemone crinita Juz. exhibited the highest stomatal density (107 stomata/mm²) and epidermal cell density (229 cells/mm²), indicating strong adaptation and protective capacity in arid conditions. Vicia baicalensis (Turcz.) B. Fedtsch. showed the highest stomatal index (39.6), highlighting its significant role in regulating transpiration. Stomatal types varied among species: • Anomocytic stomata were observed in Potentilla multifida and Vicia baicalensis. • Anisocytic stomata were found in Delphinium grandiflorum and Ranunculus borealis. • Paracytic stomata were present in Gentiana algida, Adenophora remotiflora, Helianthemum nummularium, Anemone crinita, and Ranunculus acris. Conclution In the study of the structure, form, and number of stomatal cells in saponin-containing plants growing in Mongolia, Anemone crinita Juz. was found to have the highest number of stomatal and epidermal cells, indicating its high efficiency in gas exchange, water regulation, and protection against external stress. Furthermore, Vicia baicalensis (Turcz.) B.Fedtsch. showed the highest stomatal index, confirming its strong capacity for active regulation of gas exchange. The variation in stomatal cell types among plant species was identified as playing an important role in ecological and biological adaptation as well as protective mechanisms.

Background: Plants of the family Gentianaceae in Mongolia are rich in bitter iridoid glycosides, flavonoids, and polyphenolic compounds, and have been traditionally used in Mongolian medicine to promote digestion, protect the liver, and reduce fever. However, standardized information on the micro-morphology and histochemical characteristics of the widely distributed species Gentiana decumbens L.f. is scarce, limiting the assessment of its quality as a medicinal raw material. Aim: To identify the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the aerial and underground parts of Gentiana decumbens and to localize the distribution of starch, polysaccharides, and phenolic compounds using histochemical methods. Materials and Methods: Plant materials were collected in July 2024 from Tsagaan-Uul soum, Khuvsgul province, andshade-dried. Samples were softened in a water–ethanol–glycerol solution (1:1:1) for 24 hours, and transverse and longitudinal sections of stem, leaf, root, and floral parts (anther, petal, receptacle/bract) were prepared using a hand microtome. Sections were cleared with 10% chloral hydrate. Histochemical reagents included potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), ferric chloride (FeCl3), Lugol’s iodine (I₂+KI), thymol + concentrated H₂SO₄, and methylene blue. Slides were mounted in glycerin and examined under an Olympus light microscope at 40× and 100× magnifications, and images were recorded using a 12 MP digital camera. Results: Leaf: The leaf exhibits a dorsiventral structure with a dense palisade parenchyma on the adaxial side and a loosely arranged spongy mesophyll on the abaxial side. Stomata are hypostomatic, and collenchyma is well developed around the vascular bundles. Histochemical reactions were negative for starch and phenolic compounds. Stem: The stem consists of an epidermis, a wide cortex, a continuous ring of sclerenchyma, 12–15 collateral vascular bundles, and a broad central parenchyma. Histochemical tests showed a brownish-yellow coloration with potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), indicating the presence of polyphenols and lignin, and a brown coloration with Lugol’s iodine, confirming the presence of starch. Reactions with ferric chloride (FeCl₃), methylene blue, and thymol + H2SO4 were mostly negative in cross sections. However, in longitudinal sections, Lugol’s and thymol + H2SO4 showed positive reactions, suggesting the presence of starch and polysaccharides, respectively. Root: The root displays a primary structure with radial xylem and phloem, a distinct endodermis with Casparian strips, and a pericycle layer. Positive reactions were observed with K2Cr2O7 and FeCl₃, indicating phenolic compounds and lignin. Lugol’s iodine showed abundant starch granules in parenchyma cells. Receptacle / Bract: The receptacle is covered by a thick cuticular epidermis with trichomes, and composed of outer and central parenchyma layers containing numerous small closed (amphivasal-type) vascular bundles. Positive reactions were detected with K2Cr2O7 and FeCl₃, indicating polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins; Lugol’s iodine confirmed the presence of starch; thymol + H2SO4 showed partial positivity for polysaccharides. Stamen (longitudinal section): The stamen structure includes epidermis, endothecium, pollen sacs, and a distinct vascular bundle. Positive staining was observed with K2Cr2O7, Lugol’s iodine, and FeCl3, confirming the presence of polyphenolic compounds, lignified elements, and starch. Conclusion The anatomical features of G. decumbens indicate adaptations to dry, high-light environments through well-developed mechanical strengthening (sclerenchymatous ring), efficient photosynthetic structure (compact palisade mesophyll), and nutrient storage (starch-rich pith and cortex). Histochemical analysis revealed the localization of polyphenolic compounds and starch/polysaccharides mainly in the root, stem, and floral organs, while absent in the leaves, demonstrating organ-specific accumulation patterns. These findings scientifically support the plant’s traditional medicinal uses for digestive stimulation and hepatoprotection.

Agleg-4 traditional medicinal drug consists from Smilax Glabra (Liliaceae), Rhododendron Adamsii (Ericaceae), Rheum undulatum (Polyganaceae), Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Fabaceae). This traditional medicinal drug’s humidity was 4.5%, ash was 5.4%, and extractive matter the in the water was 20.9%. The suitable thin layer chromatography system was selected as toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (7:2:0,5). From thin layer chromatography it showed flavanone glycosides. The highest content elements in the traditional medicine were Calcium 14mg/g, Potassium 3.2mg/g, Magnum 2.87mg/g. Agleg - 4 traditional medicine is increasing systolic action of heart so it is increasing kidney’s filtration and clearance and good medicine for kidney’s diseases.

In last years we have produced a combination species from medicinal plants which are used in traditional medicine and has tendentious the increasing of needs and production of plant preparations from natural resources. Although traditional medicine has being increased to be used last years, standardization of them is not sufficient. The standardization is important to ensure the safety, effectiveness and quality of traditional medicine. This research was made with purposes for determining of qualitative and quantitative analyses of biological active substances in the preparation such as Jonsh-5 is utilized to prevent osteoporosis, to accelerate bone ankylose in period of injure. The compositions of the preparation Jonsh-5 are Calcitum, Carduus crispus L. Inula helenium L.Terminalia chebula Retz, Forsutima suspense Thunb. Vahl.In order to succeed the above mentioned aim, we have achieved the following results: 1. The chromatographical method and methodology for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of main compounds in the preparation Jonsh-5 were developed using HPLC. 2. Quantitative analyses of main compounds of the compositions in the preparations were defined by HPLC method. 1.000gr of the preparation Jonsh-5 involves gallic acid 1.11 mg, alantolaktone 1.77 mg.

Introduction Medicinal plants and herbal drug Introduction Medicinal plants and herbal drugs have made and a tremendous contribution to national health and development from the very beginning. Fora very long time, people have used locally available medicinal plants for medicaltreatment and have eaten certain vegetables and spices for health protection as well as sustenance. Even though in traditional medicine, we use many different medicinal plants and herbal preparations for treatment of various diseases, most of them are not completely studied yet. One of these herbal preparations is Jonsh-6. The research group reported already that the preparation Jonsh-6 has pharmacological effects such as to treat diseases such as gastritis, stomach disorder (B.Uyanga, S.Seesregdorj, 2011) and at this time there aren’t any other studies made in respect to the preparation Jonsh-6. The aim of our research is to complete qualitical and quantitative analyses of biological active substance in the preparation Jonsh-6. Material and methods The contents of the preparation Jonsh-6 are Calcitum-0.3g, Piper longim L- 0.08g, Aucklanda lappa Decne-0,15g, Inula helenium L-0.15g, Carthamus tinctorius L-0.24g, Amomum Kravanh Pierreex Gagnep-0.08g.Analyses of the preparation were studied by using HPLC on Waters Delta 600 Pump, Waters 600 Controller, Waters 2487 DualχAbsorbance Detector, Pinnacle II C18 5μm, 250x4.6 ммand selected following conditions: mobile phase: Acetonitrile:water/50:50,Acetonitrile:0.7% phosphoric acid /25:75,wavelength 210, 338, 403 nm, Detector: UVvis, column: Pinnacle IIC18 5μm (250x4.6 мм), flow rate 1.0 ml/min. Key words: HPLC, Jonsh-6, Safflomin-A, Piperine, Alantolaktone, and Costunolide. Conclusion In order to succeed the above mentioned aim, we have achieved the following results: 3. The chromatographical method and methodology forthe qualitical and quantitative analyses of main compounds in the preparation Jonsh-6 were developed using HPLC. 4. The quantity of main components in the preparation Jonsh-6 were determined with HPLC and Safflomin-A 1.06 mg, piperine 0.195 mg, alantolaktone 1.12 mg and costunolide 0.925 mg are contained in 1.003 gm of the preparation.