In order to provide the basis for the development of famous classical formulas containing Myrrha， the name， origin， quality evaluation， harvest and processing of Myrrha were systematically researched by consulting the ancient herbal and medical books， combining with the modern related literature. According to textual research， the results showed that Commiphora myrrha was the main base in ancient times， which was produced in Somalia， Ethiopia and northern Kenya. In addition， raw and fried products of Myrrha were the commonly used specifications in ancient herbal medicine， which are still used today. Nowadays， Myrrha， fried Myrrha and vinegar-processed Myrrha were the commonly used specifications. Among the three specifications， Myrrha is the raw products after cleaning， fried Myrrha is a kind of processed products， which has relevant records in ancient materia medica and is still used today. Vinegar-processed Myrrha is a new processing specification in modern times. Based on the research results， it is suggested that Myrrha in Shentong Zhuyutang should be the purified raw Myrrha in accordance with the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

Objective: To investigate the effects of a recombinant endoglin-macrophage inflammatory protein 3α Fc-fusion protein (EM) vaccine on tumor angiogenesis and growth in mice with H22 hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: An in vivo hepatoma mouse model was established. Seven days after subcutaneous inoculation of H22 tumor cells, mice were randomly divided into four groups: EM, endoglin Fc-fusion protein, macrophage inflammatory protein 3α Fc-fusion protein, and normal saline groups. Tumor volume and survival rate of mice were studied at 3-day intervals. Microvessel density of the tumors and tumor cell proliferation were detected by immunohistochemistry, and tumor cell apoptosis was detected by TdT-mediated biotinylated-dUTP nick-end label staining. The number of CD11c and CD86 positive dendritic cells were detected by flow cytometry. Results: Compared with the other groups, the tumor volume became smaller, and the survival time was longer in the EM-treated group. Besides, microvessel density and cell proliferation index were significantly lower, while the tumor cell apoptosis index was significantly higher in the EM-treated group. Besides the number of CD11c and CD86 positive dendritic cells in EM-treated mice was larger than that in other groups. Conclusions: EM Fc-fusion protein could effectively inhibit tumor growth through inhibiting endoglin-related tumor angiogenesis and cell proliferation, promoting tumor cell apoptosis, and could induce a certain degree of antitumor immune responses.

Objective To determine whether endovascular simulation training in medical students may increase technical proficiency,enhance interest in vascular surgery. Methods We recruited 30 medical students from Pe-king Union Medical College prospectively. We gave these students an eight-week course with a structured curricu-lum comprised of weekly simulator sessions and theoretical lessons. A test of iliac artery balloon dilatation was con-ducted in pre-and post-course. Performance was assessed. Demographics and subjective survey data,including in-terest in vascular surgery were obtained pre-and post-course from the students too. Results Parameters measured on the standardized global endovascular rating scale,including angiography skills,wire handling and interventional criteria as well as simulator-generated metrics such as fluoroscopy time and volume of contrast used significantly im-proved from pre-to post-course values for the medical students(P<0.05) All the students agreed or strongly agreed that the simulation course increased their interest in vascular surgery. Conclusions A simulation-based endovascu-lar course improves technical performance with interest in vascular surgery training of medical students. The simula-tor is quite potential in the medical students training.

Gastrodia elata has been used in China for more than 2 000 years and it is a kind of valuable traditional Chinese medicine. The originrecords of G. elata were Mount Tai of Shandong and and Mount Song of Henan, which began in Wupu Bencao of Wei Jin Dynasties, and Tai'an and its surrounding areas had been the Do-di herbs production areas. But from the beginning of the Republic of China, G. elata origin has undergone major changes, Do-di herbs production areas moved westward to the southwest.In this paper,through literature research and field visits, we studied the formation and changes of Do-di herbs production areas of G. elata. The cultivation history and current main producing area of G. elata was also introduced. On this basis, we profoundly summarized the reasons of Do-di herbs production areas formation and changes from the nature, society, transportation, humanities and germplasm resources.Combining the ancient herbal medicine and the characteristics of modern producing areas, the planting strength of G. elata could be strengthened in the hope of providing reference for the quality evaluation and cultivation of G. elata.

Through the markets investigations and literature surveying, this paper investigates and analyzes the qualitative characteristics and commodity condition of Panax notoginseng. And the samples collected from market and origin were analyzed in order to revise the commodity specification and grade standard of P. notoginseng combined with production practice. In this paper, the authors divide the P. notoginseng into 4 commodity specification which are root (including Cunqi and Dongqi ), Rhizome and rootlet according to different parts and harvest time. And the root were divided into 8 grade which are 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 120, countless and substandard. The density and internal components between the different commodity specification and grade of P. notoginseng were also compared. As well as the effect of different producing area, cultivation years and harvesting time on the commodity specification and grade of P. notoginseng were researched. On this basis, we revise and improve the commodity specification and grade standard of P. notoginseng. Moreover, we suggest the quality control indexes of P. notoginseng should be developed according to the different medicinal part and commodity specification in CHP. In order to guide the standardized production of traditional Chinese medicine and ensure the quality of medicinal materials, the cultivation years and density of each medicinal materials should also be indicated in CHP.

Objective: To investigate the synergistic effect and mechanism of the combined application of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Methods: 24 KM male mice were randomly divided into 6 groups with 4 mice in each group, namely, Group A (control group), Group B (only treated with collagen), Group C (treated with 2 ng bFGF+collagen), Group D (treated with 4 μ g rhBMP-2+collagen), Group E (treated with 4 μ g rhBMP-2+2 ng bFGF+collagen) and Group F (treated with 4 μ g rhBMP-2+4 ng bFGF+collagen). The composites were implanted into the intermuscular septum of hind legs mice; whereas in control group, intermuscular septum of mice was separated and no implantation was performed. General observation, detection of concentration of calcium content, micro computed tomography (Micro-CT), three-dimensional reconstruction scan, measurement of bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume fraction (BVF) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), as well as histological observation with HE staining and ALP and CD34 immumohistochemical staining were performed. Results: Ectopic osteogenesis was found in Groups D, E and F mice. The difference in concentration of calcium contents was statistically significant between Groups D and E (. P<0.05), but insignificant between Groups E and F (. P>0.05). Micro-CT and three-dimensional reconstruction revealed continuous newborn bone substance in external surface of ectopic bone formation, and the center of bone formation did not show obvious substantial filling by bone substance. The differences in BMD, BVF and Tb.Th were statistically significant between Groups D and E or F (. P<0.01 or <0.05). HE staining showed that in Groups D, E and F, newborn bone substance was mainly located at the edge of ectopic bone formation, and the bone formation in Groups E and F was better than that in Group D. ALP and CD34 immumohistochemical staining revealed the positive expression mainly at the edge of ectopic bone formation, and area of positive expression in Groups E and F was larger than that in Groups D. Conclusions: rhBMP-2 possesses the capacity to induce ectopic osteogenesis independently, but bFGF does not have this ability; the combined application of rhBMP-2 and bFGF can enhance the synergetic effect on inducing ectopic osteogenesis.

OBJECTIVETo study the effectiveness of waist circumference cut-off values in predicting the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and risk factors in adults in China.

METHODSA cross-sectional survey was condcuted in 14 provinces (autonomous region, municipality) in China. A total of 47,325 adults aged⋝20 years were selected by multistage stratified sampling, and questionnaire survey and physical and clinical examination were conducted among them. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria and modified IDF criteria.

RESULTSThe age-standardized prevalence of MetS was 24.2% (22.1% in men and 25.8% in women) and 19.5% (22.1% in men and 18.0% in women) according to the IDF criteria and modified IDF criteria respectively. The age-standardized prevalence of pre-MetS was 8.1% (8.6% in men and 7.8% in women) according to the modified IDF criteria. The prevalence of MetS was higher in urban residents than rural residents and in northern China residents than in southern China residents. The prevalence of central obesity was about 30% in both men and women according to the ethnicity-specific cut-off values of waist circumference for central obesity (90 cm for men and 85 cm for women). Multivariate regression analysis revealed no significant difference in risk factors between the two MetS definitions.

CONCLUSIONUsing both the modified IDF criteria and ethnicity-specific cut-off values of waist circumference can provide more useful information about the prevalence of MetS in China. Conclusion Using both the modified IDF criteria and ethnicity-specific cut-off values of waist circumference can provide more useful information about the prevalence of MetS in China.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Waist Circumference

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in elderly patients to improve their prognoses.Methods Such clinical data as clinical manifestations,angioarchitecture features,location and therapy of 28 elderly patients (≥60 years old) with AVMs,admitted to our hospital from January 2000 to December 2011,were retrospectively analyzed.Results The elderly patients had 5.4％ (28/511) morbidity of AVMs,with mean age of (62.25±3.46) years; the male patients were slightly more than the female patients.The clinical presentations included hemorrhage in 20 patients,seizure in 4,headache in 2,facial tic in 1 and tinnitus in 1.Supratentorial and infratentorial lesions were noted in 22 and 6,respectively.The maximum diameter of AVMs was smaller than 3 centimeters in 11 patients,ranged from 3 to 6 centimeters in 16,and larger than 6 centimeters in 1.Twenty-one AVMs were located in the functional areas and 7 in non-functional areas.Deep vein drainage was noted in 15,two-way drainage in 1 and superficial drainage in 11.Spetzeler-Martin grading showed grade Ⅰ in 1,grade Ⅱ in 7,grade Ⅲ in 13,grade Ⅳ in 6 and grade V in 1.After operation,endovascular embolization,27 patients had significantly improved symptoms; one patient had no effect on any treatments.Conclusion The elderly patients with cAVMs have low morbidity with hemorrhage as its most common symptom; and the lesions mostly locate in the supratentorial region; active intervention therapy (resection,endovascular embolization and radiotherapy)can obviously improve the prognosis and quality of lives.

A kind of real-time remote monitoring embedded terminal which is combined with mobile communication technology and GPS localization technology, has been developed. The results of preliminary experiments show that the terminal can transmit ECG signals and localization information in real time and continuously, supply a real-time monitoring of out-of-hospital cardiac patients and trace the patients.
Electrocardiography, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; Telemedicine ; instrumentation ; Telemetry ; instrumentation

OBJECTIVETo further study the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of interferon beta-1a (IFN beta-1a) on the activation of human hepatic stellate cell (HSC) LX-2, and to analyze the differences on the protein expression in LX-2 induced by I IFN beta-1a.

METHODSCultured LX-2 cells were treated with 2000 U/ml IFN beta-1a for 48 h. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was performed to compare protein patterns of the control (untreated) and IFN beta-1a treated LX-2 and for quantitative and qualitative analyses of protein expression. A rat liver fibrosis model was established and the rats were sacrificed and their various tissues were obtained for the same analyses. Western blotting and RT-PCR were used to validate the expression of the changed proteins after treatment of IFN beta-1a in LX-2 cells and of various tissues of the rats.

RESULTS708 +/- 25 spots were detected in control LX-2 cells and 804 +/- 32 spots in IFN beta-1a-treated LX-2 cells. A match rate of 73%-82% was achieved. The results also showed that 31 protein spots displayed quantitative changes in expression after IFN beta-1a treatment. Of the 31 spots, 21 proteins were identified, of which, one was newly found, two were enhanced in abundance and 18 showed lower expressions. The newly found protein was glia maturation factor beta (GMF beta). The treatment of LX-2 with IFN beta-1a increased the production of GMF beta(GMF beta) protein in comparison with the untreated cells (t=1.81, P < 0.01). The expression of GMF beta protein (1.81 vs 0.10) and mRNA (0.85 vs 0.12) were more in the normal liver tissues than in the cirrhotic liver tissues (t=2.53, 2.13 respectively, P < 0.01). The expressions of GMF beta protein and mRNA were weak in rat heart and lung tissues, however, they were strong in rat liver, kidney, spleen and brain tissues (t=1.91, 1.94 respectively, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThere is a significant difference of protein expression levels between IFN beta-1a untreated and treated LX-2 cells. These proteins, especially GMF beta, may be involved in an inhibition process of IFN beta-1a on activation and apoptosis of LX-2 cells. This proteome study may be useful in further studies of the relationship of IFN beta-1a treatment and human liver diseases.

Animals ; Cell Line ; Female ; Glia Maturation Factor ; metabolism ; Hepatic Stellate Cells ; metabolism ; Humans ; Interferon beta-1a ; Interferon-beta ; pharmacology ; Liver ; cytology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; metabolism ; Proteome ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley