Cardioembolic stroke is a special type of ischemic stroke caused by cardiac diseases， and its development is closely associated with the structural and functional abnormalities of the heart. The pathophysiological mechanisms of this type of stroke are complex. It is often induced by thrombosis due to cardiac diseases， followed by thrombus detachment and entry into cerebral vessels， leading to ischemic injury and subsequent cascade reactions. Inflammatory response plays a crucial role in the development and progression of cardioembolic stroke， being involved in processes ranging from thrombosis to acute-phase brain injury after embolism， short-term neurological recovery， and long-term prognosis prediction， and can also be used as a biomarker and diagnostic factor. This article summarizes the mechanism by which inflammation contributes to the development and progression of cardioembolic stroke， as well as the current research advances in the etiology of cardioembolic stroke， the recovery of neurological function after stroke， and personalized treatment strategies.
Inflammation

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of different daily doses of aspirin in the prevention of preeclampsia （PE）. METHODS The case-control studies and prospective randomized controlled trials on aspirin with daily dose ≥ 100 mg （trial group） vs. ＜100 mg （control group） in the prevention of PE were retrieved from PubMed， Medline， Embase， the Cochrane Library， CNKI， China Biomedical Literatue Database and Wanfang Data from base-building to January 2025. After literature screening， data extraction and quality evaluation， meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS A total of 11 literatures were included， involving 3 052 pregnant women. Meta-analysis showed the incidence of PE [RR＝0.63， 95%CI （0.53，0.76）， P＜0.000 01]， gestational hypertension [RR＝0.69， 95%CI （0.50，0.94），P＝0.02]， preterm birth [RR＝0.56， 95%CI （0.47，0.66）， P＜0.000 01]， and intrauterine growth retardation [RR＝0.73，95%CI （0.61，0.87），P＝0.000 5] in trial groups were significantly lower than control group. The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage between the two groups had no statistically significant difference [RR＝1.17， 95%CI （0.90，1.53），P＝0.25]. Subgroup analysis showed that the incidence of PE in Chinese pregnant women taking 150 mg of aspirin was significantly higher than taking 100 mg of aspirin [RR＝3.40， 95%CI （1.29， 8.93）， P＝0.01]； but there was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidences of postpartum hemorrhage， preterm birth （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Aspirin with daily dose ≥100 mg is more effective in preventing PE than daily dose ＜100 mg， with lower rates of gestational hypertension， preterm birth， and intrauterine growth retardation. It does not increase the risk of postpartum hemorrhage. For pregnant women in China， daily dose 100 mg of aspirin may be more effective in preventing PE than 150 mg.

In order to address issues such as the decline in diagnostic performance of deep learning models due to imbalanced data distribution in psoriasis vulgaris,a VGG13-based deep convolutional neural network model is proposed by integrating the processing capability of the improved fuzzy KMeans clustering algorithm for highly clustered complex data and the predictive capability of VGG13 deep convolutional neural network model.The model is applied to the diagnosis of psoriasis vulgaris,and the experimental results indicate that compared with VGG13 and resNet18,the proposed approach based on deep learning and improved fuzzy KMeans is more suitable for identifying psoriasis features.

Objective To observe the value of transesophageal echocardiography(TEE)for guiding left atrial appendage closure(LAAC)with LAmbre occluder.Methods Data of 40 non-valvular atrial fibrillation(NVAF)patients who underwent LA AC with LAmbre occluder were retrospectively analyzed.CT angiography(CTA)before treatment,TEE and digital subtraction angiography(DSA)findings during LAAC were comparatively observed,and the correlations of the anchor area diameter and left atrial appendage opening diameter measured with the above three as well as occluder size were analyzed,and TEE and DSA for evaluating peri-device leak(PDL)were compared.Results LAAC were successfully performed with LAmbre occlude in all 40 cases.The diameter of the fixed umbrella was positively correlated with anchor area diameter measured with CTA,TEE and DSA(r=0.79,0.82,0.91,all P＜0.01),of occlusion umbrella was positively correlated with left atrial appendage opening diameter measured with CTA,TEE and DSA(r=0.56,0.89,0.86,all P＜0.01).Immediately after the release of occluder in LAAC,PDL occurred in 16 cases and were detected with both TEE and DSA,while in the rest 24 cases no PDL was found with neither TEE nor DSA.Conclusion TEE had comparable value to DSA for guiding LAAC using LAmbre occluder.

Objective To investigate the neurobehavioral development of young children aged 24 to 60 months in Shunde and explore the factors influencing the development of young children and provide reference for the interven-tion of neurobehavioral development delays in young children.Methods A retrospective cohort study was used to enroll the young children who were initially screened by the Pediatric Neuropsychological Developmental Scale(Pe-diatric Heart Scale)with a score of ≤85 was included in the study.With a score of ≤85,the young children might be at risk of developmental delays,and needed to be further diagnosed by the GESELL Developmental Diagnostic Scale,the basic information of the young children and their mothers at the time of birth were investigated,as well as basic information about the young children at the time of completing the GESELL Developmental Diagnostic Scale was collected.Results A total of 271 young children were included,196 males and 75 females.Young children had the lowest developmental quotient(DQ)in the language domain among the five domains(P＜0.001).Multiple lin-ear regression models showed:compared with girls,the language domain DQ of boys decreased by 5.321 points(P=0.049,95％CI:-10.620--0.021),and the personal-social domain DQ decreased by 4.474 points(P=0.023,95％CI:-8.316--0.631).Compared with young children via natural vaginal delivery(NVD),the gross motor domain DQ of young children via caesarean section(CS)decreased by 4.890 points(P=0.008,95％CI:-8.499--1.281),the fine motor domain DQ decreased by 3.373 points(P=0.037,95％CI:-6.532--0.213),the language domain DQ decreased by 7.621 points(P=0.004,95％CI:-12.826--2.416),per-sonal-social domain DQ decreased by 6.232 points(P=0.001,95％CI:-10.006--2.457).The results of bi-nary logistic regression models showed,compared with young children via NVD,the risk of gross motor domain retar-dation in young children increased(OR=1.763,95％CI:1.003-3.100),the risk of fine motor domain retardation increased(OR=2.217,95％CI:1.235-3.980),the risk of language domain retardation increased(OR=3.306,95％CI:1.080-10.124).Conclusion Young children with suspected neurobehavioral delays were more likely to have delayed development in language domain than in other domains,boys had lower DQ in language domain and personal-social domain than girls,and the development of young children via CS was slower than that via NVD.Fo-cus should be on the language development of young children especially on the language and personal-social devel-opment of boys.Carefully chose delivery way.Focus should be placed on assessment of young children's comprehen-sive neurobehavioral development in early time.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the qualitative study on sedentary behavior experience of stroke patients, so as to provide reference for improving the current status of sedentary behavior in stroke patients, increasing their enthusiasm for physical activity, and formulating behavior change strategies.Methods:Qualitative studies on the experience of sedentary behavior in stroke patients were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, VIP, and China Biology Medicine. The search period was from database establishment to February 2024. The literature quality evaluation was conducted using the quality evaluation criteria for qualitative research of the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Health Care Center. The convergent integration method was used to summarize and integrate the results.Results:A total of 7 articles were included, and 26 research results were extracted and summarized into 10 new categories, forming four integrated results, namely the influence of different environments on sedentary behavior in stroke patients, the multifaceted factors leading to sedentary behavior in stroke patients, limited awareness of the health benefits of reducing sedentary behavior in stroke patients and lack of behavioral motivation, and the need and motivation to reduce sedentary behavior.Conclusions:Medical and nursing staff should mobilize multi-channel support to assist stroke patients in overcoming obstacles to reducing sedentary behavior, fully mobilizing patients' enthusiasm for behavior change, maximizing post-stroke physical activity levels, and reducing the risk of recurrent stroke.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the qualitative research on the experience of heart failure patients participating in self-care decision-making, so as to provide reference for improving patients' enthusiasm for participating in self-care and formulating self-care decision-making intervention programs.Methods:Qualitative studies (including mixed studies of qualitative studies) on the self-care decision-making experience of heart failure patients were electronically retrieved in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Proquest, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, VIP, and China Biomedical Database. The search period was from database establishment to March 31, 2024. The aggregative synthesis was used to integrate research results.Results:A total of 14 articles were included, 24 research results were extracted, and summarized into 8 new categories, forming three integrated results, including multiple dilemmas and concerns in heart failure self-care decision-making, multiple influences on patient participation in heart failure self-care decision-making, and patients' perceived motivation to cope with decision making with firm beliefs about self-care.Conclusions:The self-care of heart failure patients is crucial for improving outcome. Medical and nursing staff should develop personalized self-care interventions based on personal values and preferences, guide patients to perform self-care correctly, improve the hospital-home-community support system, maintain continuity of nursing, and enhance patients' self-care.

This study aims to observe the effect of Panax notoginseng extracts on inflammatory re-sponse in immunosuppressed broilers and to investigate the mechanism through network pharma-cology and molecular docking combined with in vivo animal tests.Based on the TCMSP database and GeneCard and other disease databases,we searched for targets related to Panax notoginseng and broiler inflammation,screened key compounds and targets by applying Cytoscape 3.7.1 and String databases,respectively,and constructed a network relationship diagram of traditional Chi-nese medicine(TCM)-key components-targets,and carried out GO functional enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses by using the DAVID platform.The GO functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were carried out by the DAVID platform,visual-ized by the Chiplot online website,and finally,the core clustered proteins were analyzed by Pymol software to obtain the core targets,and molecular docking technology was used to predict the de-gree of matching between the active ingredients and the core targets as well as the animal experi-ments to further explore the pharmacological mechanism of Panax notoginseng extracts.Sixty 1-day-old red-feathered broilers were randomly divided into three groups(LPS group,CON group,and PN group),and the test period was 35 days.The LPS and PN groups were injected intraperito-neally with 250 μg/kg body weight of LPS,and the CON group was injected with an equal amount of sterile physiological saline on the 12,14,33,and 35 d.The LPS and PN groups were injected with 250 μg/kg body weight of LPS,and the CON group was injected with an equal amount of sterile physiological saline.The effect of Panax notoginseng extract on inflammatory cytokines in serum was detected by ELISA,and the hormone content in serum was also detected in each group,and fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the effect of each group on the mRNA ex-pression levels of STAT3,IL-6,and CASP3.The results showed that the serum levels of IFN-γ,IL-6,iNOS,TNF-α,and TNF-β were significantly increased(P＜0.05),while the level of IL-10 was significantly decreased(P＜0.05)after LPS tapping at weeks 2 and 5.The serum levels of IFN-y,IL-6,iNOS,TNF-α,and TNF-β were significantly decreased(P＜0.05)and IL-10 was sig-nificantly increased(P＜0.05)by the addition of Panax ginseng extracts to the basal diet com-pared with the LPS group.Panax notoginseng extracts significantly decreased the serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH)and corticosterone(CORT)(P＜0.05)and increased the levels of growth hormone(GH)(P＜0.05).A total of 8 active ingredients and 123 potential tar-gets for broiler inflammation were predicted by network pharmacology.The protective mechanism of Panax notoginseng against broiler inflammation may be related to the C-type lectin receptor(CLR)signaling pathway,Toll-like receptor(TLR)signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway,NOD-like receptor(NLR)signaling pathway,and FoxO signaling pathway.According to the pre-diction,the alleviation of inflammatory response in broiler chickens by Panax notoginseng may be related to the action on 12 key targets.Fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that Panax notogin-seng extract down-regulated the mRNA expression of IL-6 and CASP3(P＜0.05)and up-regula-ted that of STAT3(P＜0.05),and molecular docking results also showed that the active ingredi-ents in Panax notoginseng extracts could exert anti-inflammatory effects through IL-6 and CASP3.The results suggested that Panax quinquefolium extracts might alleviate the inflammatory response of immune-stressed broilers through multi-components,multi-targets,and multi-path-ways,and this study helps propose new therapeutic strategies and provides a theoretical basis for the development of feed additives based on Penthorum chinense Pursh extract.

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum microRNA(miR)-24-3p,microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4(MARK4)level expression and cardiac function in serum of patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease(CHD).Methods From August 2021 to April 2023,138 CHD patients who visited Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital were collected as the study subjects(CHD group).According to the New York Heart Association(NYHA)grading,patients in the CHD group were separated into grade Ⅱ(n=39),grade Ⅲ(n=68),and grade Ⅳ(n=31).Additionally,123 individuals who underwent physical examinations were selected as the health group during the same period.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)method was applied to detect the expression levels of miR-24-3p and MARK4.Cardiac function indicators in the CHD and health groups were detected.Pearson method was applied to analyze the correlation among serum miR-24-3p,MARK4,and cardiac function indicators.Results Compared with the healthy group,the levels of MARK4(1.19±0.21 vs 1.00±0.20),left ventricular end-systolic dimension(LVESd),left ventricular enddiastolic dimension(LVEDd),interventricular septal thickness(IVS),left ventricular end-diastolic volume(LVEDv),left ventricular end-systolic volume(LVESv),and left ventricular mass(LV mass)in the CHD group were increased(t=7.462,18.242,23.888,9.941,2.812,12.520,11.029),while the levels of miR-24-3p(0.62±0.11 vs 1.00±0.18),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),and cardiac output(CO)were reduced(t=20.821,10.212,18.188),and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).As cardiac function grading increased,MARK4 expression levels(1.09±0.19,1.18±0.17,1.32±0.22),LVESd,LVEDd,IVS,LVEDv,LVESv and LV mass were increased(F=13.025,10.606,11.920,57.956,29.680,21.253,12.954),and miR-24-3p expression levels(0.84±0.15,0.61±0.11,0.37±0.08),LVEF and CO were decreased(F=139.227,9.720,13.411),and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between miR-24-3p and MARK4 expression in the serum of patients with CHD(r=-0.540,P＜0.05).The relative expression of miR-24-3p in the serum of patients with CHD was negatively correlated with LVESd,LVEDd,IVS,LVEDv,LVESv and LV mass(r=-0.656,-0.636,-0.617,-0.576,-0.492,-0.687,all P＜0.05),but positively correlated with LVEF and CO(r=0.570,0.683,all P＜0.05).The relative expression level of MARK4 was positively correlated with LVESd,LVEDd,IVS,LVEDv,LVESv,and LV mass(r=0.503,0.542,0.508,0.624,0.516,0.560,all P＜0.05),but negatively correlated with LVEF and CO(r=-0.594,-0.525,all P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression of miR-24-3p in the serum of CHD patients was decreased,while the expression of MARK4 was increased.There was an obvious correlation between the two and cardiac function indicators.