OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of gut microbiota changes in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing induction chemotherapy and to explore the relationship between infectious complications and gut microbiota. METHODS: Fecal samples were collected from 37 newly diagnosed AML patients at four time points: before induction chemotherapy, during chemotherapy, during the neutropenic phase, and during the recovery phase. Metagenomic sequencing was used to analyze the dynamic changes in gut microbiota. Correlation analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between changes in gut microbiota and the occurrence of infectious complications. RESULTS: During chemotherapy, the gut microbiota α-diversity (Shannon index) of AML patients exhibited significant fluctuations. Specifically, the diversity decreased significantly during induction chemotherapy, further declined during the neutropenic phase (P < 0.05, compared to baseline), and gradually recovered during the recovery phase, though not fully returning to baseline levels.The abundances of beneficial bacteria, such as Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, gradually decreased during chemotherapy, whereas the abundances of opportunistic pathogens, including Enterococcus, Klebsiella, and Escherichia coli, progressively increased.Analysis of the dynamic changes in gut microbiota of seven patients with bloodstream infections revealed that the bloodstream infection pathogens could be detected in the gut microbiota of the corresponding patients, with their abundance gradually increasing during the course of infection. This finding suggests that bloodstream infections may be associated with opportunistic pathogens originating from the gut microbiota.Compared to non-infected patients, the baseline samples of infected patients showed a significantly lower relative abundance of Bacteroidetes (P < 0.05). Regression analysis indicated that Bacteroidetes abundance is an independent predictive factor for infectious complications (P < 0.05, OR =13.143). CONCLUSION During induction chemotherapy in AML patients, gut microbiota α-diversity fluctuates significantly, and the abundance of opportunistic pathogens increase, which may be associated with bloodstream infections. Patients with lower baseline Bacteroidetes abundance are more prone to infections, and its abundance can serve as an independent predictor of infectious complications.
Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/microbiology* ; Induction Chemotherapy ; Feces/microbiology* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged

Aim To investigate the effects of Agrimonia pilosa(AP)on the proliferation and apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)H1299 cells using non-targeted metabolomics and other methods,and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.Meth-ods Taking H1299 cells as the research object,the effect of AP on cell proliferation and apoptosis was de-tected through CCK-8 method,colony formation,LDH,Hoechst 33258 staining,AO/EB staining,flow cytometry detection,RT qPCR and other experiments.The main differential metabolites were detected by the metabolomics method of ultra-high phase liquid chro-matography and mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-Orbi-trap MS),and related metabolic pathways were ana-lyzed.Results Compared with the control group,AP treatment was able to significantly inhibit the prolifera-tion and colony formation of H1299 cells,while the re-lease of LDH increased in a dose-dependent manner.Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry and RT-qPCR analysis revealed that H1299 cells underwent crumpling and increased nuclear fragmentation after AP administration,blocked in G0/G1 phase,up-regulated apoptotic genes caspase-3 and Bax,and down-regulated apoptosis-inducing effects of Bcl-2.Metabolomics anal-ysis screened 35 differential metabolites,which were PC(O-30∶1),D-Glutamic acid,PE(18∶0/15∶0),etc.The main metabolic pathways involved includ-ed amino acid metabolism,glycerophospholipid metabo-lism and purine metabolism so on.Conclusions AP may exert its pharmacological effects by interfering with multiple metabolic pathways in H1299 cells,inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis.

AIM To establish an HPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous residue determination of 11 plant growth regulators(PGRs)in Renshen Guben preparations,and to conduct a risk assessment.METHODS The analysis was performed on a 40 ℃ thermostatic ACQUITY UPLC ? Waters HSS T3 column(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8 μm),with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1％formic acid(containing 5 mmol/L ammonium formate)flowing at 0.30 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and electro spray ionization was employed in both positive and negative ion scanning,with multiple reaction monitoring mode.The chronic and acute exposure risk values of the detected PGRs were calculated and assessed based on residue levels,health guidance values,and exposure estimates.RESULTS Eleven PGRs exhibited good linear relationships within their own ranges(R2 ≥ 0.990),whose average recoveries were 70.0％-120.0％,with RSDs all below 12.0％.In both oral liquid and pill forms,mepiquat chloride showed the highest average residue levels,while sodium 5-nitroguaiacolate exhibited the highest acute risk value(0.765 7,0.908 1)and chronic risk value(0.023 1,0.027 0).CONCLUSION Although PGRs residues are detected in Renshen Guben preparations,all levels remained within safe limits.

AIM To establish an HPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous residue determination of 11 plant growth regulators(PGRs)in Renshen Guben preparations,and to conduct a risk assessment.METHODS The analysis was performed on a 40 ℃ thermostatic ACQUITY UPLC ? Waters HSS T3 column(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8 μm),with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1％formic acid(containing 5 mmol/L ammonium formate)flowing at 0.30 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and electro spray ionization was employed in both positive and negative ion scanning,with multiple reaction monitoring mode.The chronic and acute exposure risk values of the detected PGRs were calculated and assessed based on residue levels,health guidance values,and exposure estimates.RESULTS Eleven PGRs exhibited good linear relationships within their own ranges(R2 ≥ 0.990),whose average recoveries were 70.0％-120.0％,with RSDs all below 12.0％.In both oral liquid and pill forms,mepiquat chloride showed the highest average residue levels,while sodium 5-nitroguaiacolate exhibited the highest acute risk value(0.765 7,0.908 1)and chronic risk value(0.023 1,0.027 0).CONCLUSION Although PGRs residues are detected in Renshen Guben preparations,all levels remained within safe limits.

Aim To investigate the effects of Agrimonia pilosa(AP)on the proliferation and apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)H1299 cells using non-targeted metabolomics and other methods,and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.Meth-ods Taking H1299 cells as the research object,the effect of AP on cell proliferation and apoptosis was de-tected through CCK-8 method,colony formation,LDH,Hoechst 33258 staining,AO/EB staining,flow cytometry detection,RT qPCR and other experiments.The main differential metabolites were detected by the metabolomics method of ultra-high phase liquid chro-matography and mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-Orbi-trap MS),and related metabolic pathways were ana-lyzed.Results Compared with the control group,AP treatment was able to significantly inhibit the prolifera-tion and colony formation of H1299 cells,while the re-lease of LDH increased in a dose-dependent manner.Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry and RT-qPCR analysis revealed that H1299 cells underwent crumpling and increased nuclear fragmentation after AP administration,blocked in G0/G1 phase,up-regulated apoptotic genes caspase-3 and Bax,and down-regulated apoptosis-inducing effects of Bcl-2.Metabolomics anal-ysis screened 35 differential metabolites,which were PC(O-30∶1),D-Glutamic acid,PE(18∶0/15∶0),etc.The main metabolic pathways involved includ-ed amino acid metabolism,glycerophospholipid metabo-lism and purine metabolism so on.Conclusions AP may exert its pharmacological effects by interfering with multiple metabolic pathways in H1299 cells,inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis.

AIM: To explore the current status, research hotspots, and trends of global uveitis research to provide a theoretical basis and references for researchers in the field of uveitis, and promote further development in this area.METHODS: Relevant literatures on uveitis were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)database, Wanfang database, and Web of Science core collection database since their establishment until 24 August 2023. The country/publishing institutions, research authors, high-frequency keywords, and burst keywords were visual analyzed by using software such as GraphPad Prism 9, CiteSpace 6.2. R2, and VOSviewer.RESULTS: Research teams for uveitis have been formed in various countries globally. The top three countries in terms of publications are the United States of America(7 585 papers), the United Kingdom(2 412 papers)and Germany(1 679 papers). The top three foreign institutions in terms of publications are Harvard University, Oregon Health & Science University, and Moorfields Eye Hospital, while the top three domestic institutions are Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, and Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University. The analysis of high-frequency keywords and burst keywords in Chinese and English shows that research hotspots mainly focus on exploring pathogenesis and different treatment methods for uveitis. The research hotspots related to uveitis treatment are transitioning to molecular biology-related research topics, such as molecular biological signaling pathways(NF-κB signaling pathway with a strength value of 22.89), biological agents(adalimumab with a strength value of 32.21), and tumor necrosis factor(with a strength value of 48.44). Related research is also expanding to basic experiments on relevant rats.CONCLUSIONS: In recent years, the research hotspots and trends of global uveitis mainly focus on precise diagnosis, pathogenesis, and more effective treatment methods. It is important for more scholars to dedicate themselves to uveitis-related research in the future to make breakthroughs and progress in the field. More large-scale and multicenter clinical studies on uveitis can provide high-quality research evidence.

Objective To study the effect of Hedysarum polysaccharides(HPS)on the expression of transforming growth factor-β,(TGF-β1),smad homologue 3 recombinant protein(smad3)and smad7 in renal tissue of db/db mice with diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods According to their body weight,6-week-old male db/db mice were randomly divided into 5 groups:model group(0.9％NaCl 0.2 mL·d-1),positive control group(22.75 mg·kg-1·d-1 irbesartan)and experimental-H,-M,-L groups(200,100,50 mg kg-1·d-1 HPS),with 10 mice in each group;another 10 SPF grade male C57BL/6 mice of the same week were selected as normal group(0.9％NaCl 0.2mL·d-1).The mice in the 6 groups were given intragastric administration once a day for 12 weeks.The blood glucose concentration of mice was measured before treatment and at the 4th,8th and 12th week after treatment.The expression levels of TGF-β1,smad3 and smad7 were detected by Western blotting.Results After treatment,the blood glucose levels of the model group was significantly higher than those of the normal group(all P＜0.01);compared with the model group,the levels of blood glucose in the experimental-H,-M groups decreased significantly,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The relative expression levels of TGF-β,protein in normal group,model group,positive control group and experimental-H,-M groups were 0.71±0.16,1.66±0.18,1.00±0.17,0.88±0.15 and 1.23±0.15;the relative expression levels of smad3 protein were 0.89±0.32,2.26±0.35,1.24±0.31,1.05±0.30 and 1.67±0.35;the relative expression levels of smad7 protein were 1.66±0.03,0.60±0.03,1.10±0.07,1.48±0.08 and 0.97±0.09;there were statistically significant differences between the experimental-H,-M groups and the model group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion Hedysarum polysaccharides can improve renal fibrosis and delay the development of diabetic nephropathy by regulating the level of blood glucose,inhibiting TGF-β1,smad3 and increasing the expression of smad7.

Objective To examine the changing antimicrobial resistance profile of Enterobacter spp.isolates in 53 hospitals across China from 2015 t0 2021.Methods The clinical isolates of Enterobacter spp.were collected from 53 hospitals across China during 2015-2021 and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using Kirby-Bauer method or automated testing systems according to the CHINET unified protocol.The results were interpreted according to the breakpoints issued by the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)in 2021(M100 31st edition)and analyzed with WHONET 5.6 software.Results A total of 37 966 Enterobacter strains were isolated from 2015 to 2021.The proportion of Enterobacter isolates among all clinical isolates showed a fluctuating trend over the 7-year period,overall 2.5％in all clinical isolates amd 5.7％in Enterobacterale strains.The most frequently isolated Enterobacter species was Enterobacter cloacae,accounting for 93.7％(35 571/37 966).The strains were mainly isolated from respiratory specimens(44.4±4.6)％,followed by secretions/pus(16.4±2.3)％and urine(16.0±0.9)％.The strains from respiratory samples decreased slightly,while those from sterile body fluids increased over the 7-year period.The Enterobacter strains were mainly isolated from inpatients(92.9％),and only(7.1±0.8)％of the strains were isolated from outpatients and emergency patients.The patients in surgical wards contributed the highest number of isolates(24.4±2.9)％compared to the inpatients in any other departement.Overall,≤ 7.9％of the E.cloacae strains were resistant to amikacin,tigecycline,polymyxin B,imipenem or meropenem,while ≤5.6％of the Enterobacter asburiae strains were resistant to these antimicrobial agents.E.asburiae showed higher resistance rate to polymyxin B than E.cloacae(19.7％vs 3.9％).Overall,≤8.1％of the Enterobacter gergoviae strains were resistant to tigecycline,amikacin,meropenem,or imipenem,while 10.5％of these strains were resistant to polycolistin B.The overall prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter was 10.0％over the 7-year period,but showing an upward trend.The resistance profiles of Enterobacter isolates varied with the department from which they were isolated and whether the patient is an adult or a child.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant E.cloacae was the highest in the E.cloacae isolates from ICU patients.Conclusions The results of the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program indicate that the proportion of Enterobacter strains in all clinical isolates fluctuates slightly over the 7-year period from 2015 to 2021.The Enterobacter strains showed increasing resistance to multiple antimicrobial drugs,especially carbapenems over the 7-year period.

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of the comprehensive healthcare management model for children with bacterial meningitis after discharge.Methods:This study was a retrospective cohort study that included 268 children with bacterial meningitis who were discharged from the infectious medicine ward of Beijing Children′s Hospital from September 2018 to September 2023. The children were managed with a multidisciplinary collaborative comprehensive healthcare management model after discharge. Outpatient data at 1 month and 6, 12 and 24 months after discharge were collected, including (height, weight, body mass index, nutritional feeding status, hearing and vision screening results, Gesell developmental assessment results and intervention guidance services. The follow-up interval or frequency was dynamically adjusted or increased according to the child′s situation. The paired sample t-test and chi square test were applied to compare the differences in Gesell developmental quotient (DQ) and developmental delay rate between the first and last assessments to preliminarily explore the effectiveness of the comprehensive healthcare management model for children with bacterial meningitis after discharge. Results:All the 268 children completed their first assessment one month after discharge, and 37 children were found to have abnormal physical growth, mainly obesity (28 children), and another 9 children were malnutrition. Nutritional intervention and feeding guidance services were provided to all the 37 children, and as of the last follow-up, 20 children′s physical growth evaluations had turned normal. A total of 188 children completed at least 2 developmental assessments, with an interval of (14.2±9.4) months between the first and last assessments (range: 3.1-49.5 months). The DQ values of in the energy region of adaptability, gross motor skills, fine motor skills, language, and personal social skills at the last assessment were significantly higher than those at the first assessment [(91.93±13.28) vs (80.73±15.96) points, (91.69±12.96) vs (78.31±16.58) points, (89.32±16.11) vs (80.68±15.63) points, (90.10±16.65) vs (82.04±18.43) points, (92.01±14.05) vs (77.82±17.42) points]; moreover, the rates of developmental delay in each energy region were significantly lower than those at the initial assessment (9.6% vs 35.1%, 9.6% vs 42.0%, 18.1% vs 33.0%, 13.3% vs 31.9%, 9.6% vs 42.0%) (all P<0.05). Among the 200 children who completed the hearing screening, 18 were found with hearing abnormalities, and 2 were diagnosed with hearing loss in the Otolaryngology Department. Among 217 children who completed vision screening, 23 had abnormalities, and 5 were diagnosed with ophthalmic abnormalities in Ophthalmology Department (2 with strabismus, 2 with refractive errors, and 1 with optic nerve injury). Two children were found to have autism-like behavior during monitoring, and were referred to a developmental behavior clinic to be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and were given early diagnosis and intervention guidance. Conclusion:The comprehensive healthcare management model for children with bacterial meningitis after discharge can integrate clinical and healthcare resources, which is beneficial for improving the prognosis and enhancing the quality of life for children with special health status.