With the widespread implementation of immunoprophylaxis strategies, the primary challenge in HBV infection prevention and control in China has shifted to reducing the burden of existing infections. A crucial approach to decreasing the burden of existing infections is to develop the effective treatment methods to achieve clinical or functional cures within a limited treatment duration for infected patients. The existing infections can be divided into two parts: those that are easy to cure and those that are difficult to treat. Patients who meet the current drug withdrawal criteria and at the same time have HBsAg<100 IU/mL following treatment with nucelos(t)ide analogue therapy are the easier one to treat, accounting for about 12% of the total infections, and the remaining 88% are difficult to cure. A necessary step toward clinical cure is pushing the HBsAg levels of patients to <100 IU/mL, but this driving effect must stem from effective immune reconstitution against HBV. Recent prevention and control, certain characteristics and implementation of clinical cure, and the safe drug withdrawal are discussed here to offer new perspectives on issues related to hepatitis B.

With the widespread implementation of immunoprophylaxis strategies, the primary challenge in HBV infection prevention and control in China has shifted to reducing the burden of existing infections. A crucial approach to decreasing the burden of existing infections is to develop the effective treatment methods to achieve clinical or functional cures within a limited treatment duration for infected patients. The existing infections can be divided into two parts: those that are easy to cure and those that are difficult to treat. Patients who meet the current drug withdrawal criteria and at the same time have HBsAg<100 IU/mL following treatment with nucelos(t)ide analogue therapy are the easier one to treat, accounting for about 12% of the total infections, and the remaining 88% are difficult to cure. A necessary step toward clinical cure is pushing the HBsAg levels of patients to <100 IU/mL, but this driving effect must stem from effective immune reconstitution against HBV. Recent prevention and control, certain characteristics and implementation of clinical cure, and the safe drug withdrawal are discussed here to offer new perspectives on issues related to hepatitis B.

Objective To analyze the distribution of disease types of the epilepsy patients in southern Sichuan,and to provide guidances for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy.Methods The complete medical records of inpatients with epilepsy in southern Sichuan who were clearly diagnosed in the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from August 2014 to July 2017 were collected and sorted,and classified according to the latest revision of the epilepsy disease standard of the International AntiEpilepsy Alliance in 2017,and the distribution of disease types of these patients were statistically analyzed.Results A total of 454 patients with epilepsy were included in the study,with a male to female ratio of 1.54∶ 1,and the average age is (39.38 ±22.38) years.There were 71 patients under 15 years old,139 cases from 15 years old to 40 years old,189 cases from 41 years old to 65 years old,and 55 cases from over 65 years old.The patients in all ages were mainly classified as generalized onset,and the patients with different origins were mainly motor seizures.The focal onset were most common in the patients with epileptiform spasm from 40 days to 14 years old.The patients of generalized onset were mostly tonic-clonic seizures and under 65 years old.And the patients of unknown onset were mainly concentrated in 15-65 years old and mainly epileptic spasms.Conclusions Most of the patients with epilepsy in southern Sichuan are middle-aged and elderly,and the patients of all ages of different origins are mainly motor seizure,and the distribution of disease types of these patients are different.Moreover,the tonic-clonic seizure and epileptiform spasm are the most common types in these patients.

Objective: To investigate the association between genetic variation of kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) and the prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients received 5-FU based adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: The clinical data of 176 CRC patients, who underwent surgical treatment at the Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou during January 2012 and December 2017, were retrospectively analyzed, and 93 cases of tumor tissues were collected for this study. The genotype of KDR polymorphism locus was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). qPCR was used to detect the expression of KDR mRNAin colorectal cancer tissues. The correlation between the polymorphism genotypes and other variables was analyzed by logistic regression model. The expression of different genotypes of KDR was analyzed by nonparametric test. The relationship between KDR genotype and prognosis of patients was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and the other variables were adjusted by Cox risk scale model. Results: Of the polymorphisms analyzed, only rs2071559 was of clinical significance. The distribution frequency of KDR rs2071559 in 176 CRC patients was as follows: TT genotype in 95 cases (53.98%), TC genotype in 70 cases (39.77%) and CC genotype in 11 cases (6.25%); the minor allele frequency was 0.26; and the distribution of three genotypes was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg's Equilibrium (P=0.690). The median disease free survival (mDFS) of patients carrying C allele and wild type TT genotype was 4.4 and 3.2 years, respectively (P<0.05); The median overall survival (mOS) of patients with TC/CC genotype and TT genotype was 5.2 and 4.0 years, respectively (P<0.05). After COX model modification, the effect of TC/CC genotype on mOS was still statistically significant (OR=0.55, P<0.05). The mRNA expression of KDR in cancer tissues of the patients with TC/CC genotypes were significantly lower than those of the wild type TT genotype (P<0.01). Conclusion: The polymorphism of KDR rs2071559 is associated with clinical outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer. KDR rs2071559 may affect the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients by affecting the mRNAexpression of KDR.

Objective: To learn the prevalence of HPV infection and its genotypes distribution in perianal warts, discuss the association between HPV infection and age and gender, and assess the methodology performance of PCR-reverse dot blot(PCR-RDB) to detect HPV. Methods: HPV genotypes were detected in 316 paraffin specimens of confirmed or suspected perianal condyloma acuminata(CA) patients, including 58 cases for HPV DNA sequencing. Results: The HPV infection rate in 316 patients was 81.6%. The first fifth genotypes of single HPV infection were HPV11, 6, 18, 16 and 33. HPV6+ 11, HPV6+ 11+ 16 and HPV6+ 18 were more common in mixed infection. The highest HPV infection rate was from the males aged below 35 years. Regarding the sequencing result as a gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of PCR-RDB in HPV were 92.31%, 89.47% and 91.38% respectively. Conclusions The proportion of HPV crissum infection in young male was quite high, the major pathogenic types were HPV 11, 6, 18, 16 and 33. The PCR-RDB method can meet the needs of clinical diagnosis of HPV.