AIM To investigate effects of petroleum ether fraction from Derris eriocarpa How on glucose and lipid metabolism in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome(MS).METHODS KM mice were fed a high-fat diet and administered streptozotocin intraperitoneally to establish MS models.The MS mice were then randomly assigned to the model group,the metformin hydrochloride group,the lovastatin group,the ursolic acid group,and the high-,medium-and low-dose D.eriocarpa petroleum ether fraction groups,with 10 mice in each group.Ten additional mice maitained on a normal diet served as the normal control group.After 4 weeks of intragastric administration,glucose and lipid metabolism indicators were measured.Hepatic pathological changes were assessed using HE staining and oil red O staining.Liver tissue mRNA expressions of ATF3,PEPCK,FXR,CYP7A1,HNF4ɑ,CYP8B1 and SRB1 were quantified by RT-qPCR.Hepatic protein expressions of ATF3,HNF4ɑ,PEPCK,FXR and CYP7A1 was analyzed by Western blot in MS mice.RESULTS Compared to the model group,the high-dose D.eriocarpa petroleum ether fraction group exhibited significant glucose tolerance improvement(reduced OGTT-AUC,P＜0.01);favorable serum lipid modulation in terms of increased HDL-C levels(P＜0.01)and decreased TG,TC,LDL-C(P＜0.01);reduced renal biomarkers(BUN,SCR)and hepatotoxic indicators of TBA,AST and ALT activities(P＜0.01);alleviated hepatic lipid accumulation and histopathological damage;downregulated mRNA and protein expressions of ATF3,HNF4ɑ and PEPCK,as well as CYP8B1 mRNA expression(P＜0.01);and upregulated mRNA and protein expressions of FXR and CYP7A1,along with SRB1 mRNA expression(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION D.eriocarpa petroleum ether fraction ameliorates glucose and lipid metabolism dysregulation in MS mice by modulating the ATF3/HNF4ɑ/CYP7A1 signaling pathway,consequently eliciting hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic,hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects.

AIM To investigate effects of petroleum ether fraction from Derris eriocarpa How on glucose and lipid metabolism in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome(MS).METHODS KM mice were fed a high-fat diet and administered streptozotocin intraperitoneally to establish MS models.The MS mice were then randomly assigned to the model group,the metformin hydrochloride group,the lovastatin group,the ursolic acid group,and the high-,medium-and low-dose D.eriocarpa petroleum ether fraction groups,with 10 mice in each group.Ten additional mice maitained on a normal diet served as the normal control group.After 4 weeks of intragastric administration,glucose and lipid metabolism indicators were measured.Hepatic pathological changes were assessed using HE staining and oil red O staining.Liver tissue mRNA expressions of ATF3,PEPCK,FXR,CYP7A1,HNF4ɑ,CYP8B1 and SRB1 were quantified by RT-qPCR.Hepatic protein expressions of ATF3,HNF4ɑ,PEPCK,FXR and CYP7A1 was analyzed by Western blot in MS mice.RESULTS Compared to the model group,the high-dose D.eriocarpa petroleum ether fraction group exhibited significant glucose tolerance improvement(reduced OGTT-AUC,P＜0.01);favorable serum lipid modulation in terms of increased HDL-C levels(P＜0.01)and decreased TG,TC,LDL-C(P＜0.01);reduced renal biomarkers(BUN,SCR)and hepatotoxic indicators of TBA,AST and ALT activities(P＜0.01);alleviated hepatic lipid accumulation and histopathological damage;downregulated mRNA and protein expressions of ATF3,HNF4ɑ and PEPCK,as well as CYP8B1 mRNA expression(P＜0.01);and upregulated mRNA and protein expressions of FXR and CYP7A1,along with SRB1 mRNA expression(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION D.eriocarpa petroleum ether fraction ameliorates glucose and lipid metabolism dysregulation in MS mice by modulating the ATF3/HNF4ɑ/CYP7A1 signaling pathway,consequently eliciting hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic,hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects.

AIM To explore the protective effect of Wenyang Fuyuan Recipe on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) in rats.METHODS Among the rats randomly divided into the sham operation group,the model group,the FPS-ZM1 group and Wenyang Fuyuan Recipe group,with 6 rats in each group,all were induced into the rat CIRI models except those of the sham operation group.The rats had the model success verified by TTC staining and modified neurological severity score ( mNSS );their neuronal apoptosis detected by TUNEL staining;their cerebral protein expressions of RAGE and S100 β detected by immunofluorescence staining;their cerebral mRNA expressions of RAGE and p38MAPK detected by RT-qPCR;and their protein expressions of RAGE,AGE,HMGB1,p38 and Bcl-2 in brain tissue detected by Western blot.RESULTS Compared with the sham operation group,the model group showed marked white matter with an enlarged size in the brain tissue ( P<0.05),increased neurological function score ( P<0.05 ),increased number of apoptotic cells in neurons ( P<0.05 ),increased cerebral protein expressions of RAGE and S100β( P<0.05 ),and increased protein and mRNA expressions of cerebral AGE,RAGE,HMGB1 and p38MAPK ( P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the group intervened with either FPS-ZM1 or Wenyang Fuyuan Recipe shared improved conditions in terms of the aforementioned indicators levels ( P<0.05 ),and Wenyang Fuyuan Recipe group showed its particular priority in the efficacy.CONCLUSION Wenyang Fuyuan Recipe may protect the rat brain via AGE-RAGE and its downstream p38MAPK signaling pathway mediated neuronal apoptosis attenuation.

Aim To observe the effects of Wenfei Jiangzhuo formula(WFJZF)on rats with vascular de-mentia and investigate its possible mechanism of ac-tion.Methods Thirty-six healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into the sham group,model group,donepezil group,and low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups of Wenfei Jiangzhuo formula,with six rats per group.Except for the sham group,the other groups were prepared as VaD models,and each group was gavaged with the corresponding drugs after suc-cessful modeling,and tests were performed after three weeks of treatment.Behavioral,hippocampal CA1 area morphology,neural dendrites and mitochondrial chan-ges were observed in all groups of rats,and phospho-glycerate mutase 5(PGAM5),dynamics-related pro-teins1(Drp1),opticatrophyprotein-1(OPA1),and other proteins were detected in each group.Results Compared with the sham group,rats in the model group and each intervention group had prolonged es-cape latency(P＜0.05),a shorter number of travers-als across the platforms(P＜0.05),a sparse morphol-ogy of hippocampal neurons,a reduction in the number of secondary dendritic spines,and a rupture of the out-er membrane of the mitochondria;the expression of the PGAM5 and Drp1 proteins in hippocampal tissues was elevated(P＜0.05),and the expression of the OPA1 and Mfn1/2 protein expression decreased(P＜0.05);compared with the model group,donepezil group and Wenfei Jiangzhuo formula high-dose group of rats had shorter evasion latency(P＜0.05),increased number of times to traverse the platform(P＜0.05),increased number of hippocampal neurons,tightly packed,more secondary dendritic structures,and reduced mitochon-drial damage;the expression of PGAM5 and Drp1 pro-teins was reduced(P＜0.05),and the expression of OPA1 and Mfn1/2 proteins was elevated(P＜0.05).Conclusions Wenfei Jiangzhuo formula can regulate the PGAM5-Drp1 signaling axis to improve the balance of mitochondrial homeostasis,thus improving the cog-nitive condition of the brain and exerting cerebroprotec-tive effects.

AIM To explore the protective effect of Wenyang Fuyuan Recipe on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) in rats.METHODS Among the rats randomly divided into the sham operation group,the model group,the FPS-ZM1 group and Wenyang Fuyuan Recipe group,with 6 rats in each group,all were induced into the rat CIRI models except those of the sham operation group.The rats had the model success verified by TTC staining and modified neurological severity score ( mNSS );their neuronal apoptosis detected by TUNEL staining;their cerebral protein expressions of RAGE and S100 β detected by immunofluorescence staining;their cerebral mRNA expressions of RAGE and p38MAPK detected by RT-qPCR;and their protein expressions of RAGE,AGE,HMGB1,p38 and Bcl-2 in brain tissue detected by Western blot.RESULTS Compared with the sham operation group,the model group showed marked white matter with an enlarged size in the brain tissue ( P<0.05),increased neurological function score ( P<0.05 ),increased number of apoptotic cells in neurons ( P<0.05 ),increased cerebral protein expressions of RAGE and S100β( P<0.05 ),and increased protein and mRNA expressions of cerebral AGE,RAGE,HMGB1 and p38MAPK ( P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the group intervened with either FPS-ZM1 or Wenyang Fuyuan Recipe shared improved conditions in terms of the aforementioned indicators levels ( P<0.05 ),and Wenyang Fuyuan Recipe group showed its particular priority in the efficacy.CONCLUSION Wenyang Fuyuan Recipe may protect the rat brain via AGE-RAGE and its downstream p38MAPK signaling pathway mediated neuronal apoptosis attenuation.

Objective:To study the genetic characteristics and genetic evolution of echovirus 30 (ECHO30) isolates in Yunnan Province, China.Methods:Virus isolation was performed on nucleic acid-positive samples for hand, foot, and mouth disease pathogen surveillance in Yunnan Province, and VP1 gene sequencing was performed. The sequences of eight ECHO30 isolates from Yunnan Province and the gene sequences of the VP1 region of the ECHO30 reference strain downloaded from GenBank were compared and analyzed using MEGA 5.0 software, and then a phylogenetic tree was constructed to measure the homology of nucleotides and amino acids between the isolates.Results:The ECHO30 virus was distributed in Wenshan, Qujing, Chuxiong, and Kunming in Yunnan Province. The ECHO30 virus was relatively common in Wenshan. ECHO30 isolates belonged to the H2 subtype of the H genotype, which was close to the local reference strain LC120939 in Yunnan Province. On the VP1 gene at site 5, the amino acid change ratio was more active, the amino acids were diverse, and mutations also occurred at sites 54, 156, 258, and so on. Nucleotide and amino acid homology were 84.0% - 100.0% and 98.4% - 100.0%, respectively.Conclusions:ECHO30 isolates from Yunnan Province have certain geographical characteristics and belong to H2 of the H genotype. The nucleotide differences in virus sequences among subtypes are small and have a close genetic relationship.

Aim To explore the protective effect of proanthocyanidin B2 (PC-B2) on oxidative damage of PC 12 cells induced by hydrogen peroxide (H

Abstract: Objective　To analyze the results of the surveillance of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) pathogens in Baoshan City, Yunnan Province in 2022, and to analyze the genetic characteristics of the main epidemic strain coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), in order to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of HFMD. Methods　Samples of hand, foot and mouth disease cases in Baoshan City submitted to Yunnan Province in 2022 were selected, the samples were processed, and the viral nucleic acid was extracted, and the Enterovirus (EV) VP4/VP2 binding region gene was amplified with primers (MD91/OL68-1) and sequenced. The sequence was BLAST searched in GenBank to determine the virus type, and then the full sequence of VP1 region was amplified with relevant primers of each type of virus and sequenced. Viruses were identified by using Enterovirus Genotyping Tool Version 1.0. according to the reference documents, the reference sequences were downloaded for making the phylogenetic tree, and the test results were statistically analyzed. Results　A total of 307 clinical samples of hand-foot-mouth disease in Baoshan City in 2022 were detected by real-time RT-PCR. There were 280 laboratory-confirmed cases (91.21%), among which the detection rate of CVA16 was 55.05% (169/307), EV-A71 was 3.58% (11/307), and other enteroviruses were 32.57% (100/307). Of the 206 HFMD test specimens, the VP4/VP2 junction and VP1 gene sequences of enterovirus were amplified and identified, and 29 enterovirus strains were obtained, with a positive virus rate of 14.08% (29/206). All viruses belonged to group A and were divided into 3 serotypes, which included 27 strains of CVA16 (93.10%, 27/29), 1 strain of EV-A71 (3.45%, 1/29), and 1 strain of CVA10 (3.45%, 1/29). Group B, C, and D viruses were not detected. The positive rate of VP4/VP2 binding region and VP1 region of coxsackievirus A16 gene in Baoshan City in 2022 was 13.11% (27/206). The genetic evolution analysis showed that the 27 strains of CVA16 belong to B1a subtype and can be divided into two evolutionary branches. Conclusions　In 2022, the main epidemic strain of HFMD in Baoshan City, Yunnan Province is CVA16 gene, belonging to B1a subtype, which can be divided into two branches, indicating 2 transmission chains prevalent in Baoshan City. Future efforts should focus on strengthening surveillance, improving the quality of monitoring, and understanding the characteristics of viral prevalence..

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the abnormality and distribution of plasma cholesterol levels in single-center hospitalized children. METHODS: The blood lipid levels of children aged 2-18 years who had blood lipid test results in Peking University First Hospital from June 2016 to June 2019 were etrospectively analyzed. Cholesterol oxidase method was used for total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were detected by clearance method. The counting data were compared with chi-square test. RESULTS: The survey had involved 11 829 children (7 087 were boys and 4 742 were girls). 1 822 (15.4%) children were with elevated total cholesterol, 1 371 (11.6%) children with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and 2 798 (23.7%) children with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction. The total number of the children with abnormal cholesterol levels was 4 427 (37.4%). Among the 7 835 children who visited hospital due to the disease not commonly inducing dyslipidemia, 731 (9.3%) had elevated TC, 561 (7.2%) had elevated LDL-C, 1 886 (24.1%) had decreased HDL-C, and 2 576 (32.9%) had abnormal cholesterol levels. Among the children with different diseases, the difference in the incidence of abnormal cholesterol was statistically significant. The top three main groups of the children with increased total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were "dyslipidemia", "urinary tract disease", and "nutritional disease"; The top three main groups of the children with reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were "respiratory diseases", "dyslipidemia", "hematological diseases and malignant tumors". Among the 1 257 blood li-pid test results sent by other departments, 300 cases had abnormal cholesterol levels (23.8%). Among them, there were 70 children with hypercholesterolemia (5.6%), 44 children with increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.5%), and 224 children with reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (17.8%). There were 365 (4.6%) children with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥140 mg/dL (3.6 mmol/L) who needed to further exclude familiar hypercholesterolemia among the children who visited hospitals due to the disease not commonly inducing dyslipidemia. CONCLUSION Children in hospitals have a high incidence of cholesterol abnormalities. Doctors need to pay more attention to the cholesterol diagnosis and management regardless of the discipline, which not only helps to control secondary hypercholesterolemia, but also provides the possibility of detecting familial hypercholesterolemia in time.
Child ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Dyslipidemias/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia/epidemiology* ; Incidence ; Lipids ; Male ; Triglycerides

Objective: To analyze the feasibility and safety of bridge therapy with active fixed electrodes connected to external permanent pacemakers (AFLEP) for patients with infective endocarditis after lead removal and before permanent pacemaker implantation. Methods: A total of 44 pacemaker-dependent patients, who underwent lead removal due to infective endocarditis in our center from January 2015 to January 2020, were included. According to AFLEP or temporary pacemaker option during the transition period, patients were divided into AFLEP group or temporary pacemaker group. Information including age, sex, comorbidities, indications and types of cardial implantable electionic device (CIED) implantation, lead age, duration of temporary pacemaker or AFLEP use, and perioperative complications were collected through Haitai Medical Record System. The incidence of pacemaker perception, abnormal pacing function, lead perforation, lead dislocation, lead vegetation, cardiac tamponade, pulmonary embolism, death and newly infection of implanted pacemaker were compared between the two groups. Pneumothorax, hematoma and the incidence of deep vein thrombosis were also analyzed. Results: Among the 44 patients, 24 were in the AFLEP group and 20 in the temporary pacemaker group. Age was younger in the AFLEP group than in the temporary pacemaker group (57.5(45.5, 66.0) years vs. 67.0(57.3, 71.8) years, P=0.023). Male, prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal dysfunction and old myocardial infarction were similar between the two groups (all P>0.05). Lead duration was 11.0(8.0,13.0) years in the AFLEP group and 8.5(7.0,13.0) years in the temporary pacemaker group(P=0.292). Lead vegetation diameter was (8.2±2.4)mm in the AFLEP group and (9.1±3.0)mm in the temporary pacemaker group. Lead removal was successful in all patients. The follow-up time in the AFLEP group was 23.0(20.5, 25.5) months, and the temporary pacemaker group was 17.0(14.5, 18.5) months. In the temporary pacemaker group, there were 2 cases (10.0%) of lead dislocation, 2 cases (10.0%) of sensory dysfunction, 2 cases (10.0%) of pacing dysfunction, and 2 cases (10.0%) of death. In the AFLEP group, there were 2 cases of abnormal pacing function, which improved after adjusting the output voltage of the pacemaker, there was no lead dislocation, abnormal perception and death. Femoral vein access was used in 8 patients (40.0%) in the temporary pacemaker group, and 4 patients developed lower extremity deep venous thrombosis. There was no deep venous thrombosis in the AFLEP group. The transition treatment time was significantly longer in the AFLEP group than in the temporary pacemaker group (19.5(16.0, 25.8) days vs. 14.0(12.0, 16.8) days, P=0.001). During the follow-up period, there were no reinfections with newly implanted pacemakers in the AFLEP group, and reinfection occurred in 2 patients (10.0%) in the temporary pacemaker group. Conclusions: Bridge therapy with AFLEP for patients with infective endocarditis after lead removal and before permanent pacemaker implantation is feasible and safe. Compared with temporary pacemaker, AFLEP is safer in the implantation process and more stable with lower lead dislocation rate, less sensory and pacing dysfunction.
Humans ; Male ; Bridge Therapy ; Feasibility Studies ; Pacemaker, Artificial ; Endocarditis, Bacterial/etiology* ; Electrodes ; Device Removal