AIM: To investigate the distribution characteristics of pathogens in patients with post-traumatic infectious endophthalmitis(PTIE)and their relationship with serum levels of macrophage inflammatory protein 1α(MIP-1α), heat shock protein 70(HSP70), and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1(sTREM-1).METHODS:A total of 157 patients with PTIE from the Handan City Eye Hospital(The Third Hospital of Handan)from May 2023 to May 2025 were selected as the study group. They were divided into a good prognosis group and a poor prognosis group based on their uncorrected visual acuity at discharge. Meanwhile, 157 patients with ocular trauma but without endophthalmitis during the same period were selected as control group 1, and 157 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examinations during the same period were selected as control group 2. Aqueous humor and vitreous fluid samples were collected from the study group to detect the distribution of pathogens. The levels of serum MIP-1α, HSP70, and sTREM-1 were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for poor prognosis. The predictive value of serum MIP-1α, HSP70, and sTREM-1 levels for poor prognosis was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)and decision curve analysis(DCA).RESULTS: The general data of the participants in the three groups was comparable. A total of 173 pathogens were detected in the 157 patients with PTIE, with Gram-positive bacteria being the predominant type. The levels of serum MIP-1α and sTREM-1 in the study group were higher than those in control groups 1 and 2, while the level of HSP70 was lower than those in control groups 1 and 2(all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the levels of serum MIP-1α, HSP70, and sTREM-1 between control groups 1 and 2(all P>0.05). In the poor prognosis group, the time of wound suture was ≥24 h, the wound location was in zones II/III, the type of trauma was rupture, the proportion of rupture injuries, and the levels of serum C-reactive protein, MIP-1α, and sTREM-1 were higher than those in the good prognosis group, while the level of HSP70 was decreased(all P<0.001). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the time of wound suture, wound location, type of trauma, C-reactive protein, MIP-1α, HSP70, and sTREM-1 were risk factors for poor visual prognosis in patients with PTIE(all P<0.05). The ROC curve results showed that the combined prediction of serum MIP-1α, HSP70, and sTREM-1 for poor visual prognosis in PTIE patients had an AUC value of 0.965, which was significantly higher than that of individual predictions(ZMIP-1α, ZHSP70, ZsTREM-1=3.628, 4.705, 3.930, all P<0.05). Additionally, the DCA curve showed that the combined prediction had a higher net benefit rate than individual predictions in the high-risk threshold range of 0.03-0.97.CONCLUSION:Gram-positive bacteria are the predominant type of pathogenic bacteria in patients with PTIE, with elevated levels of serum MIP-1α and sTREM-1 and decreased levels of HSP70. The combined detection of these three factors has a high predictive efficacy for visual prognosis in patients.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate programmed death-ligand 1 tumor proportion score in predicting the safety and efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 antibody-based therapy in treating patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a real-world setting. METHODS: This retrospective, multicenter, observational study enrolled adult patients who received PD-1/PD-L1 antibody-based therapy in China and met the following criteria: (1) had pathologically confirmed, unresectable stage III-IV NSCLC; (2) had a baseline PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS); and (3) had confirmed efficacy evaluation results after PD-1/PD-L1 treatment. Logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and Cox regression were used to assess the progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) as appropriate. RESULTS: A total of 409 patients, 65.0% ( n = 266) with a positive PD-L1 TPS (≥1%) and 32.8% ( n = 134) with PD-L1 TPS ≥50%, were included in this study. Cox regression confirmed that patients with a PD-L1 TPS ≥1% had significantly improved PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.747, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.573-0.975, P = 0.032). A total of 160 (39.1%) patients experienced 206 irAEs, and 27 (6.6%) patients experienced 31 grade 3-5 irAEs. The organs most frequently associated with irAEs were the skin (52/409, 12.7%), thyroid (40/409, 9.8%), and lung (34/409, 8.3%). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that a PD-L1 TPS ≥1% (odds ratio [OR] 1.713, 95% CI 1.054-2.784, P = 0.030) was an independent risk factor for irAEs. Other risk factors for irAEs included pretreatment absolute lymphocyte count >2.5 × 10 9 /L (OR 3.772, 95% CI 1.377-10.329, P = 0.010) and pretreatment absolute eosinophil count >0.2 × 10 9 /L (OR 2.006, 95% CI 1.219-3.302, P = 0.006). Moreover, patients who developed irAEs demonstrated improved PFS (13.7 months vs. 8.4 months, P <0.001) and OS (28.0 months vs. 18.0 months, P = 0.007) compared with patients without irAEs. CONCLUSIONS A positive PD-L1 TPS (≥1%) was associated with improved PFS and an increased risk of irAEs in a real-world setting. The onset of irAEs was associated with improved PFS and OS in patients with advanced NSCLC receiving PD-1/PD-L1-based therapy.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism* ; Male ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Lung Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Aged ; B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism* ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism* ; Adult ; Aged, 80 and over ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use*

In the strategic context of "healthy China"， the concept of "medicine and food homology"， rooted in the culture of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， has received unprecedented attention. In response to population aging in China， the health of the elderly has become the focus of public health attention， and proactive health is the key to healthy aging. From the perspective of the application of medicinal and edible materials in proactive health and technological responses to population aging for the first time， this paper firstly provided a systematic overview of medicinal and edible materials and the policies related to proactive health. Second， it summarized the situation of modern technology that accelerates the research and development of medicinal and edible products， as well as the current situation of various modern biotechnologies that reveal the mechanism of action of medicinal and edible materials. Third， it discussed the application scenarios of medicinal and edible materials in proactive health and technological responses to population aging， as well as the future research and development of medicinal and edible materials. By exploring in depth the unique value and importance of medicinal and edible materials， the paper lays a theoretical foundation for improving the health care capabilities of TCM and contributes new strategies derived from TCM to healthy aging.

[Objective] To explore the accuracy and feasibility of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal RhE genotype using cell-free fetal DNA (cff-DNA) from maternal peripheral blood. [Methods] A total of 134 pregnant women with single fetuses and RhE-negative blood group were selected from our hospital from November 2023 to August 2024. Free DNA extraction kit was used to extract free DNA from peripheral blood of pregnant women, and the RhE blood group genotype of free DNA was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). If the qPCR amplification signal of the sample was negative, the methylated RASSF1A gene was amplified, and the positive amplification result was used as a sign of successful extraction of cff-DNA. Serological microcolumn gel method was used to detect the phenotype of RhE blood group in neonatal peripheral blood. [Results] Among the 134 maternal peripheral blood samples, the cff-DNA detection of RhE blood group phenotypes was consistent with the RhE blood group genotyping of neonatal peripheral blood in 133 cases, including 90 cases of Rhee genotype and 43 cases of RhE genotype, with diagnostic concordance rate of 99.3%, sensitivity of 97.7%, specificity of 100%, youden index of 0.977, area under ROC curve of 0.995, the Kappa value of 0.983, positive predictive value of 100%, and negative predictive value of 98.9%. The sample of 1 case failed to be detected. After the amplification of methylated RASSFIA gene, it was confirmed that the reason for the failure was that no cff-DNA was extracted from the sample. The diagnostic concordance rates of the first, second and third trimesters were 93.8% (15/16), 100% (51/51) and 100% (67/67), respectively. Fisher's exact test method was used to calculate the P value, which was P>0.05, indicating that there was no statistical significance in the difference of diagnostic concordance rate among the three pregnancy periods, and there was no difference in the detection concordance rate of this method in different pregnancy periods. [Conclusion] The use of cff-DNA in maternal peripheral blood for the detection of fetal RhE blood group genotype is an accurate and highly feasible non-invasive prenatal diagnostic method, which is helpful for the clinical diagnosis of fetal and neonatal hemolytic disease caused by anti-E antibody.

Objective To develop and evaluate a quality assessment system for palliative care nursing homes that integrate medical and elderly care services based on the SERVQUAL model,thereby providing references for assessment and improvement of the quality of palliative care.Methods Using SERVQUAL model,a preliminary evaluation of a quality assessment system for palliative care was developed through literature review and semi-structured interviews.Two rounds of expert consultation with Delphi method were conducted to refine and finalise the assessment system.Results The two rounds of expert consultation each involved 15 questionnaires,all effectively returned(100.00%response rate),reflecting strong expert engagement.The expert authority coefficients were 0.78.The Kendall's W of primary irdicators were 0.198 in the first round to 0.235 in the second(P<0.05),showing improved consensus.The mean importance scores in the second consensus were 3.93-5.00,with coefficients of variation of 0-0.20,and weights of 0.01-0.28,respectively.The finallised assessment system comprised 5 primary indicators,17 secondary indicators and 64 tertiary indicators.Conclusion The SERVQUAL-based palliative care quality assessment system for integrated medical-elderly care nursing homes is scientifically rigorous and practically applicable.It offers a standardised tool for assessment and improvement of the quality of palliative care in nursing homes with integrated medical and elderly care services,promotes homogenisation of nursing quality and ultimately meets the needs of residents and their families.

Objective To establish the preliminary reference intervals for the percentage and fluorescence intensity ratio(FIR)for 12 platelet-leukocyte aggregates(PLAs)in peripheral blood circulation.Methods A total of 124 healthy individuals(61 males and 63 females)aged 18-90 years were selected from Beijing Jishuitan Hospital.Venous blood samples were collected in EDTA-K2 tubes for anticoagulation,and flow cytometry was used to measure the percentage and FIR of 12 types of PLAs.All the participants were grouped by gender for comparative analysis.Reference intervals for each parameter were calculated according to the WS/T 402-2024 standard.Results The percentages of platelet-T lymphocyte aggregates,platelet-CD4+T lymphocyte aggregates,and platelet-CD8+T lymphocyte aggregates in males were significantly lower than those in females(all P＜0.05).The FIRs of platelet-T lymphocyte aggregates,platelet CD8+T lymphocyte aggregates,platelet-B lymphocyte aggregates,and platelet-NK cell aggregates in males were significantly higher than those in females(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The preliminary reference intervals for the percentage and FIR of 12 types of PLAs in healthy adults have been established.Different gender may influence the detection results of platelet-leukocyte aggregates,especially platelet-lymphocyte aggregates,and the corresponding FIR values in healthy adults.Further large-scale studies should be necessary to confirm these findings.

Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is characterized by congenital vaginal hypoplasia and primordial uterus caused by Müllerian anomalies. Case reports concerning adenomyosis associated with MRKH syndrome are limited, and the formation and intervention of adenomyosis without endometrium are unclear. Here, we present the case of a patient with MRKH syndrome complicated with adenomyosis without endometrium, a hypoechoic solid mass next to the right ovary. According to the intraoperative observation and histopathological examination findings, the mass were diagnosed as adenomyosis of the primordial uterus. Moreover, our report provides insights about its mechanism of occurrence and interventions in MRKH syndrome combined with adenomyosis without endometrium.

Objective:To explore the impact of the Yiqi Huoxue formula combined with nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) antiviral therapy on the serum N-glycan abundance in patients with hepatitis B-related liver fibrosis so as to clarify the application value of the oligosaccharide chain test (GT) for dynamic monitoring of the liver fibrosis progression.Methods:Sixty-two cases diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B at the Department of Hepatology, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, between January 2020 and December 2022 were enrolled and divided into a Yiqi Huoxue Formula (YQHX) combined with NAs group and an NAs monotherapy group ( n=31), with 31 cases in each group for a total of 96 weeks of follow-up. Patient's basic clinical characteristics and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) were collected. GT was used simultaneously to detect the serum N-glycan profile and abundance changes. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences between the two groups. Enumeration data were expressed as number of cases and percentages (%). The χ2 test was used to compare constituent ratios between two or more groups. Correlation analysis was performed using the Spearman method, with P<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results:The proportion of patients was significantly higher in the YQHX combined with NAs group than the NAs monotherapy group [61.29% (19/31) vs. 9.68% (3/31), P<0.05] with no progression in liver fibrosis staging following 96 weeks of follow-up. The abundance of the N-glycan marker peak 8 [triantennary N-glycan (NA3)] had resulted in significant change for liver fibrosis improvements ( P<0.05), which predicts liver fibrosis progression and reversal in populations sensitive to traditional Chinese medicine. Conclusion:The combined application of Yiqi Huoxue formula and NAs can significantly promote the improvement rate of hepatitis B-related liver fibrosis. Serum N-glycan peak 8 may serve as a potential biomarker for monitoring the reversal of hepatitis B-related liver fibrosis.

African swine fever(ASF),caused by the African swine fever virus(ASFV),is a highly lethal and hemorrhagic contagious disease.Following its introduction into China in 2018,the subse-quent widespread transmission of ASF has inflicted substantial economic losses on the domestic swine industry.ASFV,the sole member of the family Asfarviridae and genus Asfivirus,posses-ses a large double-stranded DNA genome ranging from 170 to 190 kbp and exhibits a structurally complex virion.Current research reveals that ASFV employs sophisticated strategies to evade host immune defenses,particularly through multifactorial modulation of critical nodes in the interferon(IFN)signaling pathway,thereby facilitating viral persistence.This article provides a review of current research on ASFV proteins involved in regulating type Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ interferon responses.It not only advances our understanding of viral pathogenesis but also provides crucial theoretical foundations for vaccine development,particularly for rationally designed gene-deleted vaccines.

Objective:To gain an in-depth understanding of the willingness and needs of rural residents for emergency rescue training, so as to provide reference for improving their participation in emergency rescue training and the training effectiveness.Methods:Purposive sampling was used to select 16 rural residents in different streets of two townships in Binzhou City, Shandong Province from April to May 2024 as study subjects. Information was collected using face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interviews. After the interview, timely transcription and verification were conducted, and the Colaizzi 7-step analysis method was used to analyze and summarize the data.Results:The majority of residents had a strong willingness to participate in emergency rescue training, and some had a negative willingness. Rural residents' needs for emergency rescue training focused on five main areas of targeted, content, specialization, continuity, and implementation needs.Conclusions:The motivating factors for rural residents' willingness to participate in emergency rescue training are complex. The relevant departments and organizations should give full consideration to the actual needs of the residents and provide them with active and substantive guidance and assistance.