This article introduces Professor WU Weiping's experience in treating bronchiectasis based on the thought of "half treating from collaterals and half treating as abscess". Professor WU classified this disease under the category of "lung collaterals abscess" and proposed the general principle of "half treating from collaterals and half treating as the abscess"， based on the core pathogenesis of lung-spleen qi deficiency and phlegm-stasis heat accumulation. Treatment should be based on syndrome differentiation according to the pathological characteristics of the disease at different stages. During the acute exacerbation stage， when the lung qi depletion and phlegm-heat congestion obstruct the lung collaterals and form into lung abscess， the methods should therefore focus partly on resolving stasis and unblocking to treat from the collaterals， and partly on clearing heat， eliminating phlegm and draining pus to treat as the abscess. Modified Qianjin Xiejing Decoction （千金苇茎汤） and Loulu Lianqiao Decoction （漏芦连翘汤）. During the chronic protracted stage， when there is lung-spleen qi deficiency， along with collateral deficiency and latent abscess， the main focus should be half on regulating the middle jiao （焦）， moving qi and consolidating the exterior to treat from collaterals， and half on rectifying lung， dispelling stasis and resolving phlegm to treat as the abscess， with modified Yupingfeng Powder （玉屏风散） and Liujunzi Decoction （六君子汤）. At the same time， attention should be paid to differentiating phlegm， blood， and cough to tailor the prescription.

Objective:To develop a Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP) Scale for Dietary Management During Hemodialysis and to test its reliability and validity.Methods:Based on the KAP theoretical framework, an initial version of the scale was developed through a literature review and expert consultations. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit hemodialysis patients from four hospitals in Suzhou in March 2024. Questionnaire item analysis and reliability and validity tests were conducted.Results:A total of 460 questionnaires were distributed and 438 valid responses were collected, with an effective response rate of 95.22%. The final scale included three dimensions (knowledge, attitude, and practice) with 34 items. Content validity at the scale level was 0.910, and the item level ranged from 0.800 to 1.000. Exploratory factor analysis extracted three common factors, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 74.520%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good model fit. The total Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.971, and the Cronbach's αcoefficients for the three dimensions were 0.963, 0.933, and 0.934, respectively. The test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.839.Conclusions:The Knowledge-Attitude-Practice Scale for Dietary Management During Hemodialysis demonstrates good reliability and validity, making it a valuable tool for assessing the KAP level of dietary management in hemodialysis patients.

The Expert Consensus on Clinical Application of Qinbaohong Zhike Oral Liquid in Treatment of Acute Bronchitis and Acute Attack of Chronic Bronchitis （GS/CACM 337-2023） was released by the China Association of Chinese Medicine on December 13^th， 2023. This expert consensus was developed by experts in methodology， pharmacy， and Chinese medicine in strict accordance with the development requirements of the China Association of Chinese Medicine （CACM） and based on the latest medical evidence and the clinical medication experience of well-known experts in the fields of respiratory medicine （pulmonary diseases） and pediatrics. This expert consensus defines the application of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid in the treatment of cough and excessive sputum caused by phlegm-heat obstructing lung， acute bronchitis， and acute attack of chronic bronchitis from the aspects of applicable populations， efficacy evaluation， usage， dosage， drug combination， and safety. It is expected to guide the rational drug use in medical and health institutions， give full play to the unique value of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid， and vigorously promote the inheritance and innovation of Chinese patent medicines.

Objective:To develop a Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP) Scale for Dietary Management During Hemodialysis and to test its reliability and validity.Methods:Based on the KAP theoretical framework, an initial version of the scale was developed through a literature review and expert consultations. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit hemodialysis patients from four hospitals in Suzhou in March 2024. Questionnaire item analysis and reliability and validity tests were conducted.Results:A total of 460 questionnaires were distributed and 438 valid responses were collected, with an effective response rate of 95.22%. The final scale included three dimensions (knowledge, attitude, and practice) with 34 items. Content validity at the scale level was 0.910, and the item level ranged from 0.800 to 1.000. Exploratory factor analysis extracted three common factors, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 74.520%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good model fit. The total Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.971, and the Cronbach's αcoefficients for the three dimensions were 0.963, 0.933, and 0.934, respectively. The test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.839.Conclusions:The Knowledge-Attitude-Practice Scale for Dietary Management During Hemodialysis demonstrates good reliability and validity, making it a valuable tool for assessing the KAP level of dietary management in hemodialysis patients.

Objective:To explore the clinical application value of DNA image cytometry ploidy analysis (DNA-ICM) in the pathological diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted. The clinical data of 101 patients with pleural effusion from October to December 2021 in Shanxi Bethune Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) and DNA-ICM were performed on pleural effusion specimens. The sensitivity and specificity of the two methods were compared with the clinical diagnosis, imaging, biopsy, and follow-up results of the patients.Results:Among the pleural effusions of 101 patients, 39 were malignant pleural effusions and 62 were benign pleural effusions. The sensitivity of LBC and DNA-ICM in diagnosing malignant tumor cells in pleural effusions was 74.7% and 94.9%, respectively, and the specificity was 98.4% and 83.9%, respectively; the combination of the two had an increased diagnostic positivity rate compared with that of LBC alone [36.6% (37/101) vs. 28.7% (29/101)]. Seven cases with positive DNA-ICM but negative LBC result were followed up, and 1 case was diagnosed as small cell lung cancer. Conclusions:DNA-ICM can effectively improve the positive cytology detection rate of pleural effusion, and the combined detection of DNA-ICM and LBC can reduce the underdiagnosis rate of cytology, which is of great clinical value in the pathological diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion.

Objective:To compare the dose and image quality of selected photon shield (SPS) technique, organ-based tube current modulation (OBTCM) technique and the combination of these two techniques for reducing the organ dose in head CT examination for infants.Methods:Two anthropomorphic head phantoms (CIRS 1-yr-old and 5-yr-old) were scanned by using Reference mode, Reference + OBTCM mode, SPS mode and SPS + OBTCM mode, respectively. Radiation doses to the lens of the eye, the anterior of the brain, the posterior of the brain, noise level and CNR of orbit and brain in different phantoms were measured and compared by using different scanning modes.Results:Compared with Reference mode, the doses to the lens of the eye in 1-yr-old and 5-yr-old phantom decreased by (21.89 ± 0.01)% and (28.33 ± 0.34)%, respectively. In SPS mode, the reduction in doses to the lens of the eye in 1-yr-old and 5-yr-old phantom were (71.38 ± 1.30)% and (53.72 ± 2.42)%, respectively. In SPS + OBTCM mode, the reduction was (71.12 ± 2.54)% and (55.73 ± 1.90)%, respectively. There was significant difference in the noise level of orbit and brain in different phantoms under various scanning modes ( F=5.67-85.47, P< 0.05). The noise level in OBTCM mode compared with reference mode increased slightly (<1.45 HU) in various phantoms. SPS and SPS + OBTCM mode resulted in a small noise increase (<2.58 HU). There was no significant difference in CNR of different phantoms under various scanning modes ( P>0.05). Conclusions:SPS and SPS + OBTCM mode can significantly reduce the radiation dose of lens and the whole image plane in the head CT scan for infants, with maintaining the image quality.

Objective:To learn the application of nosocomial infection prevention and control measures as stipulated in COVID-19 emergency plans by medical institutions at all levels in the region, for the purpose of strengthening epidemic prevention and control.Methods:During March 12-13, 2020, customized questionnaires were used to learn from 186 hospitals and medical institutions regarding the basics of their nosocomial prevention management departments, emergency plan application and revisions made. Comparison of the ratios or constituent ratios were tested with χ2 test, while the continuous variables analysis between groups was verified with one-way ANOVA. Results:77.53% of the medical institutions had set up independent nosocomial infection management departments, and 87.30% of the institutions were qualified. 80% of the medical institutions had in place emergency plans for respiratory infectious diseases, but 98.05% of them had revised their plans during the pandemic, with an average of 10.85 newly added and revised provisions. Only 30.11% of emergency planed provide for clearly graded early warning.Conclusions:Efforts should be upgraded to develop an emergency prevention and control system for infection prevention and control in epidemics, and improve technical support for infection prevention and control in the system; to strengthen the clearly-graded early warning and graded responses in a scientific manner; and conduct regular drills, revise plan to ensure its applicability.

Objective To investigate clinicopathological significance of atypical squamous epithelium cells which cannot exclude high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (ASC-H) in the diagnosis of cervical diseases. Methods The results of age, high-risk human papillomavirus DNA (hrHPV DNA) and cervical biopsy in 496 patients with ASC-H from March 2012 to December 2015 in Shanxi Dayi Hospital were analyzed. Results Among 496 ASC-H cases, the proportion of the patients between 40 and 49 years old was the highest [30.8 ％ (153/496)]. HrHPV DNA was detected in 154 cases, and the positive rate was 79.2 ％(122/154), and the positive rate of patients at the age of 18 to 29 years old was the highest [84.2 ％ (16/19)]. The detection rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) Ⅱand above lesions in 124 cases with cervical biopsy was 66.9 ％ (83/124), including 100 cases with hrHPV DNA positive (80.6 ％) and 24 cases with hrHPV DNA negative (19.4 ％). There were 71 cases (71.0 ％) of CINⅡ, CIN Ⅲ, early squamous carcinoma and squamous cell carcinomas in 100 hrHPV DNA positive patients with cervical biopsy. There were 12 cases (50.0 ％) of CINⅡ/Ⅲ changes in 24 hrHPV DNA negative patients with cervical biopsy, but none in early squamous carcinoma and squamous cell carcinomas was detected, and there was a significant difference between hrHPV DNA positive and negative patients (χ2=3.857, P< 0.05). The positive predictive value, negative predictive value, sensitivity and specificity of hrHPV DNA detection for diagnosis of CINⅡand above lesions were 85.5 ％, 29.3 ％, 71.0 ％ and 50.0 ％, respectively. Conclusions ASC-H strongly predicts CINⅡand above lesions in cervical cytology. The detection of hrHPV DNA has a high positive predictive value for CINⅡand above lesions.

To investigate the effects and mechanism of andrographolide(Andro)on type II diabetic nephropathy in Leprdb/dbmice,levels of urinary protein,serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen after 24 h of Andro(1 mg/kg,ip)treatment on Leprdb/dbmice were measured by kit.The changes on renal pathology and sugar levels in diabetic mice treated by Andro were observed by HE staining and PAS staining.The expression of fibronectin (FN)and NOX-4 protein were analyzed by immunofluorescence.Results showed that levels of urinary protein, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen in Leprdb / dbmice after Andro treatment for 24 h were significantly lower than those of the control group. Kidney pathologic change was inhibited, and FN and NOX-4 expression were markedly decrease in the Andro group.In conclusion,Andro can significantly reduce the diabetic nephropathy in Leprdb/dbmice with spontaneous type II diabetes mellitus.

Objective To explore the effects of iPS cells-derived chimeric thymus transplantation on T cells reconstitution and graft versus host disease of murine after allo-BMT. Methods iPS cells-derived chimeric thymus was grafted under the renal capsules of mice after allogeneic IBM-BMT. The mice were divided into three groups:IBM-BMT group, IBM-BMT+TT group and IBM-BMT+DLI group. Four weeks after BMT, T lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood were analyzed by flow cytometry, the degree and pathological examination of GVHD were observed, respectively. Results Percentage of CD8+T cells in IBM-BMT group, IBM-BMT+TT group and IBM-BMT+DLI group was(5.52 ± 0.83)%,(11.10 ± 1.49)%and(8.49 ± 0.82)%respectively, there was signifi-cant difference between pairwise comparisons(P<0.05), and percentage of CD4 + T cells of the peripheral blood in IBM-BMT+TT group(9.60 ± 0.69)%was significantly higher than IBM-BMT group(6.42 ± 1.40)%and IBM-BMT+DLI group(8.07 ± 0.65)%(P<0.05) . IBM-BMT group and IBM-BMT+TT group showed less clinical and histopathological scoring of GVHD than IBM-BMT + DLI group. Conclusion iPS cells-derived chimeric thymus transplantation could effectively accelerate T cells reconstitution and prevent GVHD after allo-BMT.