This article systematically analyzes the historical evolution of the name， origin， medicinal parts， processing and other aspects of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix（EPR） by referring to the herbal medicine， medical books， prescription books and other documents of the past dynasties， combined with the relevant modern research materials， so as to provide a basis for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing this herbal medicine. According to research， EPR was first recorded in the Shennong Bencaojing in the name of Daji， and it is the correct name of the herbal medicine in all dynasties， there are also other aliases such as Qiongju， Hongya Daji， and Xiamaxian. The dried roots of Euphorbia pekinensis from Euphorbiaceae was the mainstream of the past dynasties. Before the Ming dynasty， the above ground parts of E. pekinensis were used as Zeqi in herbal works. However， since LI Shizhen in the Ming dynasty proposed that the origin of Zeqi should be E. helioscopia， the aerial part of EPR is no longer used as medicine. Since modern times， the roots of Knoxia valerianoides has been used as EPR， and has become the mainstream of commodities， which should be corrected. Throughout history， it has been recorded that the main producing areas were Jiangsu， Anhui， Zhejiang， Shanxi and other regions， while modern botanical survey have shown that EPR is a widespread species distributed throughout the country. In ancient times， the harvesting time of EPR was mostly the twelfth lunar month， while in modern time， it is more common to harvest in autumn and winter. The main processing methods of EPR in ancient times were vinegar processing， wine processing， and stir frying， while in modern times， it is uniformly vinegar processing. In the medicinal properties and clinical aspects， the records are basically consistent throughout history， mainly characterized by bitter taste， cold and toxic nature. Its main efficacy is expelling water retention and reducing swelling. Based on the textual research， it is suggested to choose the dried roots of E. pekinensis when famous classical formulas containing EPR， processing method can be based on the original specified prescription requirements， if the processing method is not clear， it is recommended to use vinegar-processed products as medicine.

The traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） myocardial infarction （MI） unit is a standardized， regulated， and continuous integrated care unit guided by TCM theory and built upon existing chest pain centers or emergency care units. This unit emphasizes multidisciplinary collaboration and forms a restructured clinical entity without altering current departmental settings， offering comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic services with full participation of TCM in the treatment of MI. Its core medical model is patient-centered and disease-focused， providing horizontally integrated TCM-based care across multiple specialties and vertically constructing a full-cycle treatment unit for MI， delivering prevention， treatment， and rehabilitation during the acute， stable， and recovery phases. Additionally， the unit establishes a TCM-featured education and prevention mechanism for MI to guide patients in proactive health management， reduce the incidence of myocardial infarction， and improve quality of life.

ObjectiveTo analyze the adverse reactions associated with the clinical use of Banxia （Rhizoma Pinelliae）- Wutou （Aconitum） in the same formula， with the aim of providing a reference for the safety of their clinical application. MethodsLiterature on the clinical application of antagonistic herbs "Banxia-Wutou" used in the same formula， published from January 1st， 2014， to June 30th， 2023， was retrieved from databases including CNKI， VIP， Wanfang， SinoMed， PubMed， Cochrane Library， and Embase. A database was established， and information related to adverse reactions was extracted， including descriptions， classifications， specific manifestations， management and outcomes， patients' primary diseases （western medicine diseases and traditional Chinese medicine diagnoses and syndromes）， and medication information （dosage， ratio， administration routes， and dosage forms）. ResultsA total of 79 researches simultaneously used antagonistic herbs Banxia-Wutou in the same formula and reported associated advers reactions. Gastrointestinal adverse reactions were the most common， with 8 studies reporting management of adverse reactions and 3 studies reporting improvement with no intervention. Among the 11 researches， the adverse reaction relieved to extant， while other 69 researches didn't report the managment of adverse reaction and its prognosis. For the primary disease in western medicine system， chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） were most common， while gastric pain was the most common symptom in traditional Chinese medicine with spleen and kidney deficiency and spleen stomach cold deficiency being the most frequent syndromes. The most common Banxia dosage was 10 g， while for the Wutou， Fuzi （Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata） was predominant with the highest dose at 15 g. The most frequent herbal combination was Banxia-fuzi， with a 1∶1 ratio. The main administration route was oral， and the primary dosage form was decoction. ConclusionGastrointestinal adverse reactions are the most common in the clinical use of Banxia-Wutou antagonistic herb combinations. Research on the safety of "Banxia-Wutou" combinations should focus on respiratory system diseases and spleen-stomach related conditions.

Objective To provide technical support for the formulation of scientific and reasonable supervision measures for enterprises engaged in the exploitation and utilization of ores with associated radionuclides in Guangxi Province, China. Methods A radionuclide analysis was performed on solid materials generated during production processes such as zirconium-titanium ore dressing and processing in multiple enterprises in Guangxi Province. The radiation levels of effluents was measured. Measurement and analysis were performed on the environmental air radon concentration levels and environmental γ-radiation dose rates at the factory boundaries of these enterprises and the surrounding environmental protection targets. Results The air absorption dose rate of γ radiation, the concentrations of radon and its daughters, and the radiation levels of surface water and aerosols at the factory boundaries and in the surrounding environment were all at normal levels. The specific activities of nuclides ²³⁸U, ²³²Th, and ²²⁶Ra in the raw ore, zirconium products, rutile products, and monazite products within the factory area were relatively high. The γ radiation air absorption dose rates in the corresponding workshops were also relatively high, with the zirconium-rutile workshop being the area with the highest values. Materials such as zirconium products, rutile, and monazite all showed a certain amount of radon exhalation. Conclusion The radiation level of tailings met the criteria of monitoring exemption, and the enterprises did not generate radioactive solid waste. Attention should be paid to the personal dose of the staff in areas with high radiation dose rates.

Sepsis is a potentially fatal infectious disease that easily causes shock and numerous organ failures. The kidney is one of the most susceptible to injury. Early intervention and renal protection significantly minimize patient mortality. Oligomeric proanthocyanidin (OPC), a naturally occurring plant compound, has a high potential for renal protection. This study was aimed at exploring the potential renoprotective role of OPC in sepsis-related renal tubular injury. C57/B6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to simulate sepsis-related acute kidney injury in vivo. Renal function and pathology were assessed. RNA sequencing examined OPC mechanisms against LPS-induced renal injury. Oxidative stress indicators and inflammatory cytokines in blood serum and renal tissues were evaluated. In vitro, MTT assays assess cell viability. Apoptosis cells were detected using Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide staining. Western blot assessed PI3K/AKT and NFκB signaling pathway proteins. OPC reduced LPS-induced renal tubular injury, improved renal functions and pathological changes, restored glutathione content, superoxide dismutase activity, and catalase activity, inhibited malondialdehyde overproduction, and suppressed LPS-induced overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the decline of anti-inflammatory cytokines. OPC attenuated LPS-induced cell morphological injury, reduced cell viability loss, and recovered the changes in proteins involved in PI3K/AKT and NFκB signaling pathways in MTEC cells. OPC protects against LPSinduced renal tubular injury by counteracting oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammatory responses, activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and inhibiting the NFκB signaling pathway. It may provide a viable solution to lessen renal injury in patients with sepsis.

This paper interprets the disease name related to bi （痹） disease in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） from the perspective of micropathological phenotypes in knee osteoarthritis （KOA）. By systematically reviewing classical TCM literature on the pathogenesis and clinical features of different subtypes such as damp-retention bi， bone bi， and tendon bi， and integrating these with current research on pathological subtypes of KOA including the synovitis type， cartilage-meniscus type， and subchondral bone type， the study explores the correlation between traditional disease terms and modern micropathological phenotypes. The author proposes subtype classifications of damp-retention bi corresponding to synovial inflammation， bone bi related to abnormal subchondral bone remodeling， and tendon bi representing cartilage and meniscus degeneration. This approach provides a microscopic biological explanation for TCM syndrome differentiation and offers new perspectives for advancing integrative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in both Chinese and western medicine.

Sepsis is a potentially fatal infectious disease that easily causes shock and numerous organ failures. The kidney is one of the most susceptible to injury. Early intervention and renal protection significantly minimize patient mortality. Oligomeric proanthocyanidin (OPC), a naturally occurring plant compound, has a high potential for renal protection. This study was aimed at exploring the potential renoprotective role of OPC in sepsis-related renal tubular injury. C57/B6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to simulate sepsis-related acute kidney injury in vivo. Renal function and pathology were assessed. RNA sequencing examined OPC mechanisms against LPS-induced renal injury. Oxidative stress indicators and inflammatory cytokines in blood serum and renal tissues were evaluated. In vitro, MTT assays assess cell viability. Apoptosis cells were detected using Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide staining. Western blot assessed PI3K/AKT and NFκB signaling pathway proteins. OPC reduced LPS-induced renal tubular injury, improved renal functions and pathological changes, restored glutathione content, superoxide dismutase activity, and catalase activity, inhibited malondialdehyde overproduction, and suppressed LPS-induced overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the decline of anti-inflammatory cytokines. OPC attenuated LPS-induced cell morphological injury, reduced cell viability loss, and recovered the changes in proteins involved in PI3K/AKT and NFκB signaling pathways in MTEC cells. OPC protects against LPSinduced renal tubular injury by counteracting oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammatory responses, activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and inhibiting the NFκB signaling pathway. It may provide a viable solution to lessen renal injury in patients with sepsis.

Sepsis is a potentially fatal infectious disease that easily causes shock and numerous organ failures. The kidney is one of the most susceptible to injury. Early intervention and renal protection significantly minimize patient mortality. Oligomeric proanthocyanidin (OPC), a naturally occurring plant compound, has a high potential for renal protection. This study was aimed at exploring the potential renoprotective role of OPC in sepsis-related renal tubular injury. C57/B6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to simulate sepsis-related acute kidney injury in vivo. Renal function and pathology were assessed. RNA sequencing examined OPC mechanisms against LPS-induced renal injury. Oxidative stress indicators and inflammatory cytokines in blood serum and renal tissues were evaluated. In vitro, MTT assays assess cell viability. Apoptosis cells were detected using Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide staining. Western blot assessed PI3K/AKT and NFκB signaling pathway proteins. OPC reduced LPS-induced renal tubular injury, improved renal functions and pathological changes, restored glutathione content, superoxide dismutase activity, and catalase activity, inhibited malondialdehyde overproduction, and suppressed LPS-induced overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the decline of anti-inflammatory cytokines. OPC attenuated LPS-induced cell morphological injury, reduced cell viability loss, and recovered the changes in proteins involved in PI3K/AKT and NFκB signaling pathways in MTEC cells. OPC protects against LPSinduced renal tubular injury by counteracting oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammatory responses, activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and inhibiting the NFκB signaling pathway. It may provide a viable solution to lessen renal injury in patients with sepsis.

BackgroundInvasive vagus nerve stimulation therapy has been approved for the adjunctive treatment of treatment-resistant depression， which may contribute to the anti-inflammatory properties of vagus nerve stimulation （VNS）， whereas the efficacy of non-invasive transcutaneous cervical vagus nerve stimulation （tcVNS） in treating major depressive disorder （MDD） and its impact on plasma inflammatory factors remain unclear. ObjectiveTo observe the effect of escitaloprom combined with tcVNS on the status of depression， anxiety and sleep quality as well as the plasma levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6） and interleukin-10 （IL-10） in MDD patients， in order to provide references for the recovery and treatment of MDD patients. MethodsFrom August 21， 2019 to April 17， 2024， 45 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for MDD in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5） were recruited from the psychosomatic outpatient clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University. Subjects were divided into study group （n=23） and control group （n=22） using random number table method. All patients were treated with escitalopram. On this basis， study group added a 30-minute tcVNS therapy once a day for 4 weeks. While control group was given corresponding sham stimulation， and the duration of each stimulation lasted 30 seconds. Before and after 4 weeks of treatment， Hamilton Depression Scale-17 item （HAMD-17） was used to assess depressive symptoms， and HAMD-17 anxiety/somatization subfactor and insomnia subfactor were used to assess patients' anxiety/somatization symptoms and sleep quality. Levels of plasma IL-6 and IL-10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. ResultsThe generalized estimating equation model yielded a significant time effect for HAMD-17 total score， anxiety/somatization subfactor score and insomnia subfactor score in both groups （Wald χ²=315.226， 495.481， 82.420， P<0.01）. After 4 weeks of treatment， HAMD-17 total score and anxiety/somatization subfactor score of study group were lower than those of control group， with statistically significant differences （Wald χ²=4.967， 32.543， P<0.05 or 0.01）， while no statistically significant difference was found in the insomnia subfactor score between two groups （Wald χ²=0.819， P=0.366）. Significant time effects were reported on plasma IL-6 and IL-10 levels in both groups （Wald χ²=21.792， 5.242， P<0.05 or 0.01）. Compared with baseline data， a reduction in plasma IL-6 levels was detected in both groups （Wald χ²=22.015， 6.803， P<0.01）， and an increase in plasma IL-10 levels was reported in study group （Wald χ²=5.118， P=0.024） after 4 weeks of treatment. ConclusionEscitalopram combined with tcVNS therapy is effective in improving depressive symptoms， anxiety/somatization symptoms and sleep quality in patients with MDD. Additionally， it helps reduce plasma IL-6 levels and increase IL-10 levels. ［Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program-General Project （number， 2023-YBSF-185）， www.clinicaltrials.gov number， NCT04037111］

[Objective] To analyse the distribution of antigen phenotypes in the Rh, MNS and Kidd blood group systems of Han and Tujia blood donors in Chongqing, and to provide data support for the establishment of an expanded blood group antigen phenotype database and the development of expanded blood group coordinated transfusion in blood donors. [Methods] The antigens of Rh, MNS and Kidd blood group systems in Han and Tujia blood donors in Chongqing were detected by test-tube method, and the Hardy-Weinborg anastomosis of the three blood group systems was calculated. Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact probability method were used to compare the differences in phenotypic distribution frequencies among different regions and ethnic groups. [Results] Han and Tujia blood donors accounted for the highest proportion of CCee in the antigenic phenotype of the Rh blood group system, followed by CcEe, and then Ccee and ccEE. Tujia blood donors accounted for 52.02% of CCee, which was higher than that of Han blood donors (47.24%), while Han blood donors accounted for 32.20% of CcEe, which was higher than that of Tujia blood donors (28.94%). In the antigenic phenotype of the MNS blood group system, the blood donors of Han nationality and Tujia were MN>MM>NN,. The antigen phenotype distribution frequency of the Kidd blood group system was highest for Jk(a+b+) among both Han and Tujia blood donors, and the blood donors of Han nationality were Jk(a+b+)>Jk(a+b+), while those of Tujia were Jk(a-b+)>Jk(a+b-). The antigens of the three blood groups of Han and Tujia blood donors were consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg balance(P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of antigen phenotypes of the three blood group systems between Han and Tujia blood donors(P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the phenotypic distribution frequency of Rh antigens between Chongqing and Xi'an, Zhejiang, Shantou, Foshan, Nanning and Yangzhou(P<0.05), but not with Guang'an and Shenzhen(P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the phenotypic distribution frequency of Rh antigens between Han, Tujia, Zang, Mongolian, Korean and Hani ethnic groups in Chongqing(P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the phenotypic distribution frequency of MNS antigens between Han blood donors in Chongqing and Urumqi, Hainan and Yuncheng, but not with Xi'an and Wenzhou. There was a statistically significant difference in the phenotypic distribution frequency of MNS antigen between Tujia blood donors in Chongqing and Urumqi and Hainan(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the phenotypic distribution frequency of MNS antigen between Tujia blood donors in Chongqing, Urumqi and Hainan(P>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the phenotypic distribution frequency of Kidd antigens between blood donors in Chongqing and Harbin(P<0.05), but not in Huizhou, Wenzhou and Yichang(P>0.05). [Conclusion] The population in Chongqing has multi-ethnic characteristics, and the antigenic phenotypes of Rh, MNS and Kidd blood group systems exhibit diversity and regional differences. Establishing an expanded blood bank can provide more options for precision blood transfusion.