Introduction: Malaysia has one of the highest diabetes prevalence rates in Asia (1 in 5), with >50% fail to achieve optimal glycemic control. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provides detailed insights beyond hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), capturing daily glucose fluctuations and variability. Realworld data describing CGM patterns and their clinical associations in Malaysian adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are limited. Methodology: This cross-sectional study analyzed CGM data from 25 Malaysian adults with T2DM, standardized over 14 days. CGM metrics included time in range (TIR), time above range (TAR), time below range (TBR), mean glucose, and coefficient of variation (CV). Weekday–weekend comparisons were performed, and correlations with age, diabetes duration, HbA1c, body mass index (BMI), treatment regimen, and complications were assessed. Results: Participants had a mean age of 56.2 ± 13.2 years (52% male), mean HbA1c 9.4 ± 2.7%, diabetes duration 10.7 ± 9.0 years, and BMI 29.8 ± 9.4 kg/m². Mean TIR, TAR, TBR, mean glucose, and CV were similar between weekdays and weekends (p >0.34 for all). TIR >70% was achieved by 52% of participants on weekdays and 48% on weekends, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.75). Longer diabetes duration correlated with lower TIR (r = −0.62, p <0.001), higher mean glucose (r = 0.58, p = 0.002), and greater variability (r = 0.54, p = 0.004). Older age was associated with lower TIR (r = −0.48, p = 0.014) and higher mean glucose (r = 0.44, p = 0.025). Higher HbA1c correlated with lower TIR (r = −0.36, p = 0.04), higher TAR (r = 0.35, p = 0.05), greater variability (r = 0.51, p = 0.006), and increased target organ damage (ρ = 0.55, p = 0.004). BMI was not associated with TIR (r = −0.18, p = 0.38). Participants with ≥2 complications had lower TIR (55.8 ± 28.4% vs 76.7 ± 19.2%, p = 0.073), while insulin the Conclusion In Malaysian adults with T2DM, CGM metrics were similar between weekdays and weekends, indicating lifestyle differences had minimal impact on glycemic control. Longer diabetes duration, older age, higher HbA1c, multiple complications, and insulin therapy identified patients at highest risk for poor glycemic control, greater variability, and hypoglycemia. These findings support the use of CGM for risk stratification, individualized monitoring, and therapy optimization to reduce complications and hypoglycemia risk.
Adult ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring ; Continuous Glucose Monitoring ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Obesity, that is, having a body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2, has increased dramatically and became the most single most common preventable cause of death in South Korea. In the end, obesity results in metabolic syndrome, which includes abdominal obesity, increased triglycerides, decreased high-density lipoprotein, hypertension, and impaired glucose tolerance. Nonsurgical methods for obesity treatments include dietary therapy, exercise counseling, behavioral therapy, psychiatric therapy, and pharmacotherapy. Surgical methods for obesity treatments, laparoscopic gastric banding and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, are commonly performed for obese patients, particularly those with a BMI of 40 kg/m2 or at BMI more than 30 kg/m2 with accompanying diseases related to metabolic syndrome such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, asthma, angina, other cardiopulmonary diseases, infertility, polycystic ovary, urinary incontinence, severe arthritis, or Pickwickian syndrome. Preoperative evaluation for bariatric surgery should focus on airway management, sleep apnea history, use of a continuous positive airway pressure device, and comorbid systemic diseases. Special consideration and pharmacokinetic knowledge is needed for the choice and dose of the anesthetic agents as well as postoperative pain control, patient monitoring, fluid intake, and surgical complications. Obesity is a disease. Appropriate surgical intervention and peri-operative anesthetic care for bariatric surgery will increase the safety and satisfaction of obese patients and will finally provide a better quality of life for our society.
Airway Management ; Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Arthritis ; Asthma ; Bariatric Surgery ; Body Mass Index ; Cause of Death ; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ; Counseling ; Exercise Therapy ; Female ; Gastric Bypass ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hypertension ; Infertility ; Lipoproteins ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Obesity ; Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Ovary ; Pain, Postoperative ; Quality of Life ; Republic of Korea ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; Triglycerides ; Urinary Incontinence