Achondroplasia (ACH) is a common inherited skeletal dysplasia (inherited dwarfism) that compromises quality of life across the lifespan. In 2021, vosoritide became the first approved precision therapy for ACH and is now available in more than 40 countries. Compared with prior symptomatic measures, vosoritide has demonstrated favorable efficacy and a reassuring safety profile. Nevertheless, existing international ACH guidelines largely emphasize complication management and symptomatic care, and there is no unified consensus on pharmacologic therapy. To address this gap, an international expert group developed the International Consensus Guidelines for the Implementation and Monitoring of Vosoritide Therapy in Patients with Achondroplasia providing systematic recommendations that span the continuum of care - from initial patient contact and pre-treatment assessment to medication counseling, injection training, and long-term outcome monitoring. These recommendations complement and refine current management and nursing protocols for individuals with ACH and offer practical guidance for clinicians across diverse regions. This article highlights key elements of the guideline to provide evidence-based support and clinical direction for healthcare professionals in China treating children with ACH using vosoritide.
Humans ; Achondroplasia/drug therapy* ; Consensus ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Child

Drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) is used for directly visualizing sites of obstruction among patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Owing to the scarcity of data, there is still no consensus on the anesthetic regimen for conducting pediatric DISE.

This paper presents a 5-year-old patient who underwent DISE using an opioid-sparing regimen with dexmedetomidine and propofol infusion.

Simultaneous dexmedetomidine and propofol infusion is a promising opioid-sparing regimen for pediatric DISE.

Human ; Male ; Child Preschool: 2-5 Yrs Old ; Endoscopy ; Propofol ; Dexmedetomidine ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; Anesthetics ; Apnea ; Consensus ; Paper ; Patients ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Research Report ; Sleep ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; World Health Organization

The research and development of new traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) drugs have progressively established a novel system founded on the integration of TCM theory, human experience, and clinical trials (termed the "Three Combinations"). However, considering TCM's distinctive features of "syndrome differentiation and treatment" and "multicomponent formulations and complex mechanisms", current TCM drug development faces challenges such as insufficient understanding of the material basis and the overall mechanism of action and an incomplete evidence chain system. Moreover, significant obstacles persist in gathering human experience data, evaluating clinical efficacy, and controlling the quality of active ingredients, which impede the innovation process in TCM drug development. Network pharmacology, centered on the "network targets" theory, transcends the limitations of the conventional "single target" reductionist research model. It emphasizes the comprehensive effects of disease or syndrome biological networks as targets to elucidate the overall regulatory mechanism of TCM prescriptions. This approach aligns with the holistic perspective of TCM, offering a novel method consistent with TCM's holistic view for investigating the complex mechanisms of TCM and developing new TCM drugs. It is internationally recognized as a "next-generation drug research model". To advance the research of new tools, methods, and standards for TCM evaluation and to overcome fundamental, critical, and cutting-edge technical challenges in TCM regulation, this consensus aims to explore the characteristics, progress, challenges, applicable pathways, and specific applications of network pharmacology as a new theory, method, and tool in TCM drug development. The goal is to enhance the quality of TCM drug research and development and accelerate the efficiency of developing new TCM products.
Humans ; Consensus ; Drug Development/standards* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Network Pharmacology/standards* ; Guidelines as Topic

This study aims to improve the quality of clinical treatment and nursing care to standardize perioperative management for patients with liver tumors undergoing co-ablation system therapy. The Committee of Ablation Therapy in Oncology, China Anti-Cancer Association; the Expert Committee on Ablation Therapy; Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO); and the Committee of Interventional, Perioperative, and Interventional Physician Branch of Chinese Medical Doctors Association organized medical and nursing experts in China. Based on the clinical practice of co-ablation system therapy in China and relevant domestic literature, an expert consensus about perioperative management was developed. The expert consensus included the key points of perioperative management, prevention, and care of complications; discharge guidance; and follow-up management for patients undergoing co-ablation system therapy of liver tumors. The consensus on the perioperative management of co-ablation system therapy for liver tumors has finally been formulated, serving as a reference and application for medical personnel in relevant fields based on hospital and patient conditions in clinical work.
Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/surgery* ; Perioperative Care ; Consensus ; Catheter Ablation

Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) plays a crucial role in the treatment of hemoptysis, and its efficacy and safety have been proved. Although BAE is widely used in the treatment of hemoptysis, there is currently no standardized procedure for BAE, and there are significant differences between institutions and operators. To achieve standardization and normalization of the BAE in the treatment of hemoptysis, the Chinese College of Interventionalists (CCI) proposed this expert consensus, which is based on existing evidence and combined with clinical practice in China. This expert consensus is about patient selection, preoperative preparation, intraoperative procedures, postoperative management, efficacy evaluation and follow-up. After multiple rounds of discussion, this "expert consensus on the bronchial artery embolization in the treatment of hemoptysis" was proposed.
Humans ; Embolization, Therapeutic/methods* ; Hemoptysis/therapy* ; Bronchial Arteries ; Consensus

Endocrine hypertension is a common form of secondary hypertension. Affected patients often present without specific symptoms or signs, making the condition easy to overlook or misdiagnose. Early screening can greatly enhance the level of diagnosis while prompt treatment can improve the prognosis of patients. Based on clinical evidence and practice, the Chinese Endocrinologist Association and the Chinese Endocrine Hypertension Collaboration Group reached this consensus after extensive discussions on target populations, screening methods, interpretation of screening results, and other issues related to endocrine hypertension.
Humans ; Hypertension/diagnosis* ; Consensus ; Mass Screening

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a thrombotic microangiopathy characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and multi-organ damage, with the kidneys being predominantly affected. aHUS results from dysregulation of the complement alternative pathway, triggered by factors including infection, pregnancy, and surgery, among others. Therefore, complement inhibitors play a crucial role in the treatment of aHUS by blocking abnormal activation of the complement system and improving patients' prognosis. This consensus, developed by the Multidisciplinary Consensus Working Group on Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Diagnosis and Treatment, is based on the latest literature and guidelines, discusses the pathogenesis, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and treatment strategies for aHUS, and provides a guide and reference for the standardized diagnosis and management of aHUS in China.
Humans ; Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome/therapy* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Prognosis

Thermal ablation has proven an effective treatment modality for certain thyroid diseases. However, its indications remain the subject of significant debate both domestically and internationally. Over recent years, several international academic organizations have issued consensus statements, position papers, and guidelines concerning thyroid thermal ablation. In China, the Chinese College of Interventionalists (CCI), in collaboration with other relevant academic organizations, released the "Expert consensus on thermal ablation for thyroid benign nodes, microcarcinoma and metastatic cervical lymph nodes (2018 edition)". This consensus statement received widespread recognition within the field and contributed significantly to the standardization of thyroid thermal ablation therapy in China. With the continuous accumulation of evidence-based medical data, the need for a more stringent and standardized approach to thyroid thermal ablation has become evident. Accordingly, the Interventional Ultrasound Committee of the CCI, in collaboration with multiple academic organizations and experts, conducted extensive discussions and multiple revisions before finalizing the "Multidisciplinary expert consensus on thermal ablation for benign thyroid diseases, low-risk thyroid carcinoma, and metastatic cervical lymph nodes (2025 edition)". This updated consensus builds on the framework of the 2018 edition, refining indications and contraindications, emphasizing standardized treatment, and outlining future directions for research and clinical applications of thyroid thermal ablation technology.
Humans ; Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery* ; Consensus ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Lymph Nodes/pathology* ; Thyroid Diseases/surgery*

Non-lactational mastitis is a group of benign, non-specific inflammatory diseases with unknown causes that occur in non-lactating women. The main treatment methods are medication and surgery, but both of these methods have certain limitations and cannot meet the individualized needs of patients. In recent years, thermal ablation technology has been widely used in clinical practice, with significant progress in the treatment and research of breast diseases, especially in the exploratory treatment of non-lactating mastitis, where it has achieved certain therapeutic effects. However, the use of thermal ablation technology in the treatment of non-lactational mastitis is still in its infancy and development stage. In order to standardize development and clinical practice protocols, Interventional Ultrasound Committee of Chinese College of Interventionalists,Tumor Ablation Committee of Chinese College of Interventionalists,The Society of Tumor Ablation Therapy of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association,and The Ablation Expert Committee of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO) organized a group of some domestic experts in the field of breast disease ablation treatment. Subsequently, based on the latest research progress and considering the actual clinical situation in China, these experts formulated the "Multidisciplinary expert consensus on ultrasound-guided thermal ablation for non-lactating mastitis (2025 edition)" which primarily covers (1) epidemiological and clinical characteristics; (2) diagnosis and staging; (3) operating procedures, indications, contraindications, and related complications of thermal ablation technology; and (4) efficacy evaluation and postoperative follow-up.
Humans ; Mastitis/therapy* ; Female ; Consensus ; Ultrasonography, Interventional ; Lactation

Combination therapies involving oral anti-diabetic agents with complementary mechanisms of action are widely employed in the clinical management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Initiating combination therapy early-either at diagnosis or through timely escalation from monotherapy-can expedite achievement of individualized glycemic targets and slow disease progression in newly diagnosed patients. The inclusion of agents with weight-reducing properties is particularly beneficial for overweight or obese individuals, as it enhances insulin sensitivity and facilitates glycemic control. Moreover, selecting combinations with proven cardiovascular and renal benefits offers long-term organ protection and improves overall prognosis. This consensus statement provides guidance on the optimal use of oral combination therapies for effective and individualized management of T2DM in clinical practice.
Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy* ; Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage* ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Administration, Oral ; Consensus ; Adult