BACKGROUND:It has been confirmed that the mixing of decellularized matrix and polymer electrospinning can not only improve the structural properties of fibers,but also preserve the biological decellularized of decellularized matrix.However,there is no relevant report on the preparation of skin tissue engineering scaffolds by electrospinning polyurethane and decellularized skin matrix. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the reparative effect of a decellularized skin matrix/polyurethane blended fibrous scaffold on rat skin defects. METHODS:Polyurethane electrospun fibrous scaffold and decellularized skin matrix/polyurethane blended fibrous scaffold were fabricated using the electrospinning technique.The fiber structure was observed under scanning electron microscope.Rat adipose mesenchymal stem cells were inoculated on two kinds of scaffolds respectively.The morphology of the scaffolds was observed under scanning electron microscope.Three full-thickness skin defects of 1 cm×1 cm were fabricated on the back of 10 SD rats.Polyurethane electrospun fibrous scaffolds(control group)and decellularized skin matrix/polyurethane blended fibrous scaffolds(experimental group)were implanted in two of the defects,and no material was implanted in the remaining defects(blank control group).The skin wound healing was observed at 1,2,and 3 weeks after operation.At 3 weeks after implantation,the wound was stained with hematoxylin and eosin and the scar area was calculated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Under scanning electron microscope,the two kinds of electrospun fibers were reticulated,and the rat adipose mesenchymal stem cells attached to the fibers on the two kinds of scaffolds,and the adhesion was good.(2)With the extension of the postoperative time,the skin wounds of each group gradually healed.By week 3 after the operation,the skin wounds of the experimental group and the control group were basically healed,and small ulcers could be seen on the wounds of the blank control group.Hematoxylin-eosin staining of skin wounds showed that the epidermal coverage of the wound was basically complete in the control group and the experimental group,and fibroblast growth and inflammatory cell infiltration could be seen in the dermis.In addition,the collagen fibers of the wound in the experimental group were abundant and arranged in a regular order,basically parallel to the epidermal surface.The wound epidermis of blank control group was still defective.The scar area of the experimental group was smaller than that of the other two groups(P<0.05,P<0.01).(3)These results indicate that the decellularized skin matrix/polyurethane blended fibrous scaffold can effectively repair full-thickness skin defects and improve scar formation in rats.

Objective:To discuss the effects of microRNA(miR)-199a-5p overexpression on cell migration and apoptosis in the glioblastoma U251 cells,and to clarify the targeting regulatory relationship between miR-199a-5p and caveolin-1(CAV-1).Methods:The glioblastoma U251 cells and oligodendroglioma Hs683 cells were cultured in vitro.Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of CAV-1 protein in 2 kinds of cells;real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)method was used to detect the expression levels of miR-199a-5p in 2 kinds of cells.The U251 cells were divided into blank group(non-transfection),mimics NC group(transfected with empty vector),and miR-199a-5p mimics group(transfected with miR-199a-5p mimics).The Hs683 cells were divided into blank group(no transfection),inhibitor NC group(transfected with empty vector),and miR-199a-5p inhibitor group(transfected with miR-199a-5p inhibitor).RT-qPCR method was used to detect the transfection efficiency of the cells in various groups;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of CAV-1 protein in the cells in various groups.TargetScan database was used to predict the binding sites between miR-199a-5p and CAV-1 in the 3'untrans lated region(3'UTR);psiCHECKTM-2-CAV-1-WT and psiCHECKTM-2-CAV-1-Mut were co-transfected with miR-199a-5p mimics and mimics NC into the U251 cells,respectively,forming psiCHECKTM-2-CAV-1-WT+mimics NC group,psiCHECKTM-2-CAV-1-WT+miR-199a-5p mimics group,psiCHECKTM-2-CAV-1-Mut+mimics NC group,and psiCHECKTM-2-CAV1-Mut+miR-199a-5p mimics group;dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify the targeting relationship between miR-199a-5p and CAV-1;cell scratch assay was used to detect the scratch healing rates of the U251 cells in various groups;flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic rates of the U251 cells in various groups.Results:The Western blotting and RT-qPCR results showed that compared with Hs683 cells,the expression level of CAV-1 protein in the U251 cells was significantly decreased(P<0.05);compared with U251 cells,the expression level of miR-199a-5p in the Hs683 cells was significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with blank group and mimics NC group,the expression level of miR-199a-5p in the U251 cells in miR-199a-5p mimics group was significantly increased(P<0.01),the expression level of CAV-1 protein in the U251 cells in miR-199a-5p mimics group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with blank group,the expression levels of miR-199a-5p in the Hs683 cells in inhibitor NC group and miR-199a-5p inhibitor group were significantly decreased(P<0.01).No significant differences were observed in the expression levels of CAV-1 protein in the Hs683 cells among various groups(P>0.05).The dual-luciferase reporter gene assay results showed that psiCHECKTM-2-CAV-1-wild type(WT)and psiCHECKTM-2-CAV-1-mutant(Mut)expression vectors were successfully constructed;compared with psiCHECKTM-2-CAV-1-WT-mimics NC group,the relative luciferase activity of WT CAV-1 in the U251 cells in psiCHECKTM-2-CAV-1-WT-miR-199a-5p mimics group was significantly decreased(P<0.01).The cell scratch assay results showed that at 12,24,and 48 h after transfection,compared with blank group,the scratch healing rate of the U251 cells in miR-199a-5p mimics group was significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The flow cytometry results showed that compared with blank group and mimics NC group,the apoptotic rate of the U251 cells in miR-199a-5p mimics group was significantly increased(P<0.01).Conclusion:Transfection of mature miR-199a-5p mimics into the glioblastoma U251 cells can reduce the expression of CAV-1 protein,inhibit glioma cell migration,promote apoptosis,and suppress tumorigenesis and development.The targeting relationship between miR-199a-5p and CAV-1 may represent a potential mechanism for glioma development and could serve as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for glioma.

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) processing is a specialized pharmaceutical technique with the primary objective of reducing the toxicity of medicinal substances. Euphorbia pekinensis, E. ebracteolata, and E. fischeriana, all belonging to Euphorbiaceae, are classified as drastic purgative herbs, traditionally used for eliminating retained water, reducing swelling, resolving toxicity, and dispersing masses. However, these herbs are also associated with adverse effects such as abdominal pain and diarrhea. Accordingly, they are commonly processed with vinegar, milk, or Terminalia chebula decoction to reduce the toxicity. This review summarizes the chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, historical evolution of processing methods, and detoxification mechanisms of the three toxic Euphorbia species. The primary toxic constituents are terpenoids. Specifically, E. ebracteolata and E. fischeriana are rich in diterpenoids, while E. pekinensis contains diterpenoids, triterpenoids, and sesquiterpenoids. Studies have shown that vinegar processing promotes structural transformations of diterpenoids, including ether bond hydrolysis, lactone ring opening, esterification, oxidation, and epoxide ring cleavage, thereby reducing the content and toxicity of these compounds. Milk processing facilitates the dissolution of toxic components into the residual liquid of excipients, leading to decreases in their concentrations in the final decoction pieces. Processing with T. chebula decoction raises the levels of tannin-derived phenolic acids, which antagonize the adverse effects of the intestine. These findings reveal a shared detoxification pattern among the three toxic herbs. Accordingly, this review proposes the concept of a shared detoxification mechanism for toxic herbs belonging to the same family or genus. That is, toxic herbs belonging to the same taxon often exhibit similar toxicological profiles and can undergo detoxification through the same processing methods, reflecting common underlying mechanisms. Investigating such shared mechanisms across multiple species of the same genus offers a promising research strategy. Ultimately, the research into processing-induced detoxification mechanisms provides both theoretical and practical support for ensuring the safety of toxic TCM.
Euphorbia/classification* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/metabolism* ; Humans ; Animals ; Inactivation, Metabolic ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

OBJECTIVES: To explore the efficacy and adverse reactions of nusinersen combined with risdiplam in the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 10 pediatric SMA patients treated with nusinersen combined with risdiplam at the Children's Medical Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. RESULTS: Among the 10 SMA patients, there were 4 with type I, 4 with type II, and 2 with type III. Nine patients initially received nusinersen monotherapy, while 1 patient received nusinersen combined with risdiplam. The median duration of combination therapy with nusinersen and risdiplam for the 10 patients was 10.5 months (range: 0.5-20.0 months), with 6 patients undergoing combination therapy for more than 6 months, showing improvements in motor and/or respiratory function. The remaining 4 patients had combination treatment durations of 0.5, 1.0, 1.3, and 4.0 months, respectively, with no significant overall improvement. After combined treatment, 5 patients experienced skin hyperpigmentation, 2 had lumbar puncture site pain, 1 experienced vomiting, 1 had increased sputum production, and 1 had reduced total sleep time. All adverse reactions were mild and did not require medical intervention. CONCLUSIONS Nusinersen combined with risdiplam demonstrates efficacy in the treatment of SMA, and no significant adverse reactions have been observed.
Humans ; Oligonucleotides/adverse effects* ; Male ; Female ; Child, Preschool ; Retrospective Studies ; Infant ; Muscular Atrophy, Spinal/drug therapy* ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Child ; Azo Compounds ; Pyrimidines

Case 1 was a 7-year-old girl; Case 2 was her 3-year-old younger brother. Both children developed pink urine shortly after birth and exhibited blistering on photo-exposed areas (face and hands), followed by ulceration, crusting, scarring, and joint contractures leading to impaired mobility. Genetic testing in both patients identified a homozygous variant in the UROS gene, c.776T>C (p.Leu259Pro), confirming autosomal recessive congenital erythropoietic porphyria due to UROS mutations. This case report highlights that congenital erythropoietic porphyria should be considered in infants and young children with unexplained hemolytic anemia, pink urine, and severe photosensitive dermatitis. Early genetic testing is recommended to facilitate timely intervention and improve outcomes.
Humans ; Porphyria, Erythropoietic/genetics* ; Female ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Male ; Siblings ; Mutation ; Uroporphyrinogen III Synthetase/genetics*

Objective:To study the effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula in the treatment of brucellosis.Methods:Patients with brucellosis who were treated at the Beidahuang Industry Group General Hospital from March to November 2024 were selected and their clinical data were collected. A case-control study was conducted, thirty patients treated with conventional therapy plus TCM formula were selected as the TCM group, and 35 patients treated with conventional therapy were selected as the control group. Blood routine, C-reactive protein (CRP), lymphocyte subsets (CD45 +, CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 +, CD19 +), and related cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10] were determined before and after treatment to observe the clinical effect of TCM formula in the treatment of brucellosis. Survival curve was draw, and Log-Rank test was used to compare the differences in clinical symptom relief time between the two groups of patients. Results:Compared with pre-treatment, there were statistically significant differences in the numbers of CD45 +, CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 +, CD19 + lymphocytes, neutrophil (NEUT), and the levels of CRP, IL-6, and IL-10 in the TCM group after treatment ( P < 0.05). After treatment, the comparison of each index between the two groups showed that there were statistically significant differences in the numbers of CD45 +, CD3 +, CD4 +, and CD8 + lymphocytes [control group vs TCM group: 2 470.00 (1 895.50, 3 207.00) vs 1 991.00 (1 720.75, 2 367.25), 1 920.00 (1 364.50, 2 428.00) vs 1 591.00 (1 343.00, 1 884.00), 1 021.00 (785.00, 1 205.50) vs 839.50 (704.25, 1 010.25), (686.42 ± 294.47) vs (596.97 ± 205.32) pieces/μl, P < 0.05]. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of CD19 + lymphocytes, NEUT, and the levels of CRP, IL-6 and IL-10 ( P > 0.05). The Log-Rank test results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the relief time of hyperhidrosis and night sweats ( P = 0.016), fatigue ( P = 0.016), and muscle soreness ( P = 0.004) between the two groups of patients. Conclusion:TCM formula has certain effects in the adjuvant therapy of brucellosis, which can improve the immune function of lymphocytes and relieve clinical symptoms, and has clinical application value.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of patients with brucellosis complicated with epididymo-orchitis (Brucellar epididymo-orchitis, BEO), so as to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of BEO.Methods:General and clinical data of 293 male patients with acute brucellosis admitted to the Beidahuang Industry Group General Hospital from January 2023 to December 2024 were retrospectively collected. They were divided into a BEO group (30 cases) and a non-BEO group (263 cases) based on the presence or absence of epididymo-orchitis. Epidemic characteristics, clinical manifestations and laboratory examination results were compared and analyzed.Results:Among 293 male patients with acute brucellosis, the incidence of BEO was 10.24% (30/293). Their age was mainly concentrated in 45 - < 60 years old (53.33%, 16/30), and occupation was mostly farmers (63.33%, 19/30). There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of age, occupation, exposure history and onset season between the BEO group and the non-BEO group ( P > 0.05). The distribution of abdominal pain and urinary frequency/urgency/pain symptoms was compared, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). White blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil count (NEUT), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the BEO group were higher than those in the non-BEO group ( P < 0.05), while the levels of cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were lower than those in the non-BEO group ( P < 0.05). After 6 - 8 weeks of hospitalization, the levels of WBC, NEUT, CRP, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IFN-γ in patients of the BEO group were significantly different from before treatment ( P < 0.05). Twenty-eight patients were cured, 1 patient underwent orchiectomy, and 1 patient experienced recurrence. Conclusions:Middle-aged male patients with brucellosis are more prone to BEO. Clinical manifestations and laboratory tests have certain diagnostic value for BEO. Suspected BEO patients should be diagnosed and treated as early as possible to reduce the occurrence of adverse prognosis.

Objective:To investigate the detection status of serological markers for hepatitis B virus (HBV) among Tibetan college students and their relationship with HBV- deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) load.Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out to retrospectively analyze data from 1 514 Tibetan college students who visited the Affiliated Hospital of Xizang Minzu University for consultations or health examinations between June 1, 2021 and June 1, 2022. The prevalence of HBV infection among these students was analyzed, the primary epidemiological patterns of HBV markers were identified, and their relationship with HBV-DNA load was determined.Results:The positive rate of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among the 1 514 Tibetan college students was 6.7% (101/1 514), while the positive rate for Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) was 42.2% (639/1 514). The primary serological pattern of HBV infection consisted of positive results for HBsAg, HBeAg, and HBcAb, which accounted for 48.5% of cases. This pattern showed significantly higher rates of HBV-DNA positivity and elevated viral load compared with other serological patterns ( χ2 = 8.70, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The HBV infection rate among Tibetan college students is 6.7%. The primary infection pattern is characterized by positive tests for HBsAg, HBeAg, and HBcAb, with an HBV-DNA positivity rate as high as 87.0% and elevated viral loads.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA) is a severe disease characterized by the localized dilation of the abdominal aorta, with an increasing global incidence and a high mortality rate once the aneurysm ruptures. The pathogenesis of AAA is complex, and current non-surgical treatments have limited efficacy, necessitating the exploration of new therapeutic targets. Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death that relies on iron and is non-apoptotic, primarily characterized by the uncontrolled peroxidation of lipids in the cell membrane. Studies have found that ferroptosis is significantly upregulated in AAA through differential gene expression analysis of AAA tissues, predominantly occurring in vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs). Ferroptosis accelerates the progression of AAA by promoting phenotypic switching and cell death of VSMCs and inducing vascular calcification. Additionally, ferroptosis exacerbates AAA by increasing reactive oxygen species production, altering the intracellular oxidative stress balance, and inducing inflammatory responses. Inhibiting ferroptosis-related pathways, such as by overexpressing glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4) or using ferroptosis inhibitors, has been shown to effectively slow the progression of AAA in mice. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which ferroptosis contributes to AAA progression and its potential therapeutic targets, aiming to provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of AAA.

Lower extremity atherosclerotic occlusive disease(ASO)is a common peripheral arterial disease with a steadily increasing global incidence.As a key pathological change in ASO,arterial calcification plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis,diagnostic evaluation,treatment strategies,and prognosis.In recent years,with the continuous advancement of imaging and biomarker detection technologies,quantitative assessment and clinical research on arterial calcification have deepened,providing new perspectives for individualized diagnosis and treatment.This review begins with the pathophysiological mechanisms of arterial calcification and systematically summarizes current detection methods,its impact on endovascular therapy,and recent progress in prognostic evaluation,aiming to provide theoretical support and practical reference for precision treatment of ASO patients.