Traditional manual testing of ventilator performance is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and prone to errors in data recording, making it difficult to meet the current demands for testing efficiency in the development and manufacturing of ventilators. Therefore, in this study we designed an automated testing system for essential performance parameters of ventilators. The system mainly comprises a ventilator airflow analyzer, an automated switch module for simulated lungs, and a test control platform. Under the control of testing software, this system can perform automated tests of critical performance parameters of ventilators and generate a final test report. To validate the effectiveness of the designed system, tests were conducted on two different brands of ventilators under four different operating conditions, comparing tidal volume, oxygen concentration, and positive end expiratory pressure accuracy using both the automated testing system and traditional manual methods. Bland-Altman statistical analysis indicated good consistency between the accuracy of automated tests and manual tests for all respiratory parameters. In terms of testing efficiency, the automated testing system required approximately one-third of the time needed for manual testing. These results demonstrate that the designed automated testing system provides a novel approach and means for quality inspection and measurement calibration of ventilators, showing broad application prospects.
Ventilators, Mechanical/standards* ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Automation

Objective:To analyze the correlation between blood glucose index and peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes patients under continuous blood glucose monitoring.Methods:A total of 110 patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to the Lu′an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University from November 2022 to January 2024 were retrospectively observed, and the blood glucose indexes of patients were monitored by continuous glucose meter [glucose time in range (TIR), mean blood glucose (MBG), estimated hemoglobin A 1c (eHbA 1c), blood glucose standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), largest amplitude of glycemic excursions (LAGE), mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), means of daily differences (MODD), etc ]. All patients with type 2 diabetes were grouped according to whether they had peripheral neuropathy or not, and were divided into the developing group and the non-developing group. General data and blood glucose indexes of the two groups were collected and sorted out. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the value of various blood glucose indicators in predicting peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Spearman correlation analysis was also used to evaluate the correlation between blood glucose index and peripheral neuropathy. Results:The disease course, TIR, MBG, eHbA 1c, SD, CV, LAGE, MAGE and MODD of the occurrence group were significantly different from those of the non-occurrence group (all P<0.05). By plotting the ROC curve, It was found that the area under the curve (AUC) of TIR, MBG, eHbA 1c, SD, CV, LAGE, MAGE and MODD predicting peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes were 0.942, 0.840, 0.705, 0.759, 0.819, 0.813, 0.857 and 0.677, respectively. The AUC of the combined prediction was 0.971(95% CI: 0.946-0.997), which was higher than that of the single indicator (all P<0.05). Spearman correlation assessment showed a negative correlation between TIR and peripheral neuropathy ( r=-0.738, P<0.05). MBG, eHbA 1c, SD, CV, LAGE, MAGE and MODD were positively correlated with peripheral neuropathy ( r=0.554, 0.376, 0.452, 0.490, 0.527, 0.625, 0.272, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Based on continuous blood glucose monitoring, the blood glucose index of type 2 diabetes patients is closely related to peripheral neuropathy, and the above blood glucose index can accurately predict peripheral neuropathy, providing a reference for reducing or preventing the occurrence of peripheral neuropathy.

Objective:To study the results of detection of pulmonary nodules among military flying personnel and analyze the contributors to pulmonary nodules so as to provide data for early prevention and interventions.Methods:The physical examination data of 1 465 military flying personnel was retrospectively analyzed who had received the annual health checkup and undergone chest CT examinations at Lintong Rehabilitation and Recuperation Center. They were grouped by age (<40 years and ≥40 years), flying hour (<1 000 h and ≥1 000 h) and type of personnel [pilots and air support (technical) personnel]. The detection rates of pulmonary nodules among flying personnel were compared across groups, and a multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the contributing factors to pulmonary nodules.Results:Among the 1 465 military flying personnel, 212 cases (14.47%) with pulmonary nodules were detected. A total of 230 pulmonary nodules were detected, including 35 pulmonary nodules (15.22%) in the left upper lung, 42 pulmonary nodules (18.26%) in the left lower lung, 52 pulmonary nodules (22.61%) in the right upper lung, 47 pulmonary nodules (20.43%) in the right middle lung, and 54 pulmonary nodules (23.48%) in the right lower lung. The detection rate of pulmonary nodules among military flying personnel in the ≥1 000 h group was higher than in the <1 000 h group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=4.14, P=0.042). More pulmonary nodules were detected among military flying personnel who smoked than among those who did not, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=9.34, P=0.002). Age, types of personnel, body mass index, and complications with other lung diseases made no significant difference in the detection rate of pulmonary nodules (all P>0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking was a risk factor for pulmonary nodules ( OR=1.692, 95% CI: 1.217-2.351). Conclusions:Among military flying personnel, pulmonary nodules are more likely to occur in the right lung. Smoking is an independent risk factor for pulmonary nodules, suggesting that routine chest CT screening should be carried out during the annual physical examinations of military flying personnel in order to exercise early interventions.

Objective:To retrieve, summarize and evaluate the best evidence for the non-pharmacological management of patients with cancer pain, so as to provide an evidence-based basis for the scientific management of cancer pain by healthcare professionals.Methods:A systematic search of the national and international literature on the non-pharmacological management of cancer pain was conducted, with a timeframe of January 2017 to January 2024. The quality of the included literature was evaluated, and evidence was extracted and summarized for those that met the quality criteria.Results:A total of 18 papers were included, including one clinical decision, seven guidelines, three expert consensus, and seven systematic reviews. Twenty-eight pieces of evidence were summarized around six themes of pain assessment, cognitive-behavioral interventions, physical therapy, interventional therapy and surgery, and self-management education and follow-up.Conclusions:Healthcare professionals should develop a patient-centered, appropriate and feasible non-pharmacological management plan for cancer pain with multiple agreements with patients and families, taking into account the clinical context and individual differences of patients in China, in order to improve the quality of life.

Objective:To analyze the correlation between blood glucose index and peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes patients under continuous blood glucose monitoring.Methods:A total of 110 patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to the Lu′an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University from November 2022 to January 2024 were retrospectively observed, and the blood glucose indexes of patients were monitored by continuous glucose meter [glucose time in range (TIR), mean blood glucose (MBG), estimated hemoglobin A 1c (eHbA 1c), blood glucose standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), largest amplitude of glycemic excursions (LAGE), mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), means of daily differences (MODD), etc ]. All patients with type 2 diabetes were grouped according to whether they had peripheral neuropathy or not, and were divided into the developing group and the non-developing group. General data and blood glucose indexes of the two groups were collected and sorted out. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the value of various blood glucose indicators in predicting peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Spearman correlation analysis was also used to evaluate the correlation between blood glucose index and peripheral neuropathy. Results:The disease course, TIR, MBG, eHbA 1c, SD, CV, LAGE, MAGE and MODD of the occurrence group were significantly different from those of the non-occurrence group (all P<0.05). By plotting the ROC curve, It was found that the area under the curve (AUC) of TIR, MBG, eHbA 1c, SD, CV, LAGE, MAGE and MODD predicting peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes were 0.942, 0.840, 0.705, 0.759, 0.819, 0.813, 0.857 and 0.677, respectively. The AUC of the combined prediction was 0.971(95% CI: 0.946-0.997), which was higher than that of the single indicator (all P<0.05). Spearman correlation assessment showed a negative correlation between TIR and peripheral neuropathy ( r=-0.738, P<0.05). MBG, eHbA 1c, SD, CV, LAGE, MAGE and MODD were positively correlated with peripheral neuropathy ( r=0.554, 0.376, 0.452, 0.490, 0.527, 0.625, 0.272, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Based on continuous blood glucose monitoring, the blood glucose index of type 2 diabetes patients is closely related to peripheral neuropathy, and the above blood glucose index can accurately predict peripheral neuropathy, providing a reference for reducing or preventing the occurrence of peripheral neuropathy.

Objective:To retrieve, summarize and evaluate the best evidence for the non-pharmacological management of patients with cancer pain, so as to provide an evidence-based basis for the scientific management of cancer pain by healthcare professionals.Methods:A systematic search of the national and international literature on the non-pharmacological management of cancer pain was conducted, with a timeframe of January 2017 to January 2024. The quality of the included literature was evaluated, and evidence was extracted and summarized for those that met the quality criteria.Results:A total of 18 papers were included, including one clinical decision, seven guidelines, three expert consensus, and seven systematic reviews. Twenty-eight pieces of evidence were summarized around six themes of pain assessment, cognitive-behavioral interventions, physical therapy, interventional therapy and surgery, and self-management education and follow-up.Conclusions:Healthcare professionals should develop a patient-centered, appropriate and feasible non-pharmacological management plan for cancer pain with multiple agreements with patients and families, taking into account the clinical context and individual differences of patients in China, in order to improve the quality of life.

Objective:To study the results of detection of pulmonary nodules among military flying personnel and analyze the contributors to pulmonary nodules so as to provide data for early prevention and interventions.Methods:The physical examination data of 1 465 military flying personnel was retrospectively analyzed who had received the annual health checkup and undergone chest CT examinations at Lintong Rehabilitation and Recuperation Center. They were grouped by age (<40 years and ≥40 years), flying hour (<1 000 h and ≥1 000 h) and type of personnel [pilots and air support (technical) personnel]. The detection rates of pulmonary nodules among flying personnel were compared across groups, and a multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the contributing factors to pulmonary nodules.Results:Among the 1 465 military flying personnel, 212 cases (14.47%) with pulmonary nodules were detected. A total of 230 pulmonary nodules were detected, including 35 pulmonary nodules (15.22%) in the left upper lung, 42 pulmonary nodules (18.26%) in the left lower lung, 52 pulmonary nodules (22.61%) in the right upper lung, 47 pulmonary nodules (20.43%) in the right middle lung, and 54 pulmonary nodules (23.48%) in the right lower lung. The detection rate of pulmonary nodules among military flying personnel in the ≥1 000 h group was higher than in the <1 000 h group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=4.14, P=0.042). More pulmonary nodules were detected among military flying personnel who smoked than among those who did not, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=9.34, P=0.002). Age, types of personnel, body mass index, and complications with other lung diseases made no significant difference in the detection rate of pulmonary nodules (all P>0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking was a risk factor for pulmonary nodules ( OR=1.692, 95% CI: 1.217-2.351). Conclusions:Among military flying personnel, pulmonary nodules are more likely to occur in the right lung. Smoking is an independent risk factor for pulmonary nodules, suggesting that routine chest CT screening should be carried out during the annual physical examinations of military flying personnel in order to exercise early interventions.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)is a highly heterogeneous disease.Although standard first-line regimens can cure＞50%of patients,approximately one-third of them develop relapsed/refractory DLBCL(r/r DLBCL).Consequently,immunotherapy targeting molecular abnormalities has become pivotal for managing r/r DLBCL.The results of this review show that with advances in understanding DLBCL pathogenesis and the tumor immune microenvironment,antibody-based therapies have evolved rapidly,progressing from monoclonal antibodies(e.g.,rituximab,tafasitamab)to bispecific antibodies(e.g.,odronextamab,glofitamab,epcoritamab)and antibody-drug conjugate(e.g.,polatuzumab vedotin,loncastuximab tesirine).These engineered agents enhance immune cytotoxicity and tumor-specific targeting,providing novel therapeutic options for r/r DLBCL patients.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the psychological experience of cancer bereaved, so as to provide basis for bereavement care and intervention.Methods:Qualitative studies on the emotional experiences of cancer bereaved were searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, VIP, and China Biomedical Database. The search period was from database establishment to July 2023. The quality evaluation was conducted using the 2020 version of the quality evaluation criteria for qualitative research of the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Health Care Center, and the results were integrated using the Meta-synthesis.Results:A total of 11 studies were included, 44 research results were extracted, and 8 new categories and 3 integrated results were summarized, namely the differences in grief emotions after bereavement, grief coping, and support needs after bereavement.Conclusions:The psychological experience of bereaved is relatively complex, and their grief emotions vary. Medical and nursing staff should pay attention to the grief response of the bereaved, guide them to self-adjustment, attach importance to the needs of the bereaved, and provide social support to assist them in returning to society as soon as possible.

Objective:To screen for preoperative frailty risk factors in elderly patients with spinal degenerative diseases and construct a risk prediction model.Methods:From September 2021 to August 2022, convenience sampling was used to select 324 elderly patients who underwent spinal surgery in the Department of Neurosurgery at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University as research subjects. The patients were surveyed using the General Information Questionnaire, Barthel Index, Nutritional Risk Screening 2002, Mini-mental State Examination, Geriatric Depression Scale-15, Generalized Anxiety Disorde-7, Athens Insomnia Scale, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and Modified Frailty Index. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of preoperative frailty in elderly patients with spinal degenerative diseases and establish a risk prediction model. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the discriminative power of the model, and Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to evaluate the goodness of fit of the model.Results:A total of 324 questionnaires were distributed, and 308 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid response rate of 95.06% (308/324). Among 308 elderly patients with degenerative spinal diseases, 56 patients experienced preoperative frailty. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that falls within one year, CCI, serum albumin, activities of daily living, and self-rated health status were the influencing factors for preoperative frailty in elderly patients with spinal degenerative diseases ( P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve of the prediction model was 0.851, with a sensitivity of 0.786 and a specificity of 0.778. Hosmer Lemeshow test indicated that the predictive model had a good fit (χ 2=3.764, P=0.709) . Conclusions:Falls within one year, CCI, serum albumin, activities of daily living, and self-rated health status are influencing factors for preoperative frailty in elderly patients with spinal degenerative diseases. The risk prediction model constructed can identify preoperative frailty early and has good predictive performance, which is worthy of clinical promotion.