AIM: To analyze the changes in binocular visual function before and after small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)in patients with different degrees of myopia.METHODS:A prospective non-randomized controlled study was conducted. A total of 94 patients(188 eyes)who visited the refractive outpatient department of the ophthalmology department of the General Hospital of the PLA from June 2022 to June 2023 and voluntarily chose SMILE were consecutively included. They were grouped according to the degree of myopia, including 24 cases(48 eyes)in the low myopia group(-3.00 D

AIM: To investigate the abnormal conditions and change patterns of accommodative facility in patients with different refractive states before and after small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)surgery.METHODS:A prospective clinical cohort study was conducted. A total of 59 patients(118 eyes)who underwent SMILE surgery and had visual function files established in our hospital from June to December 2023 were randomly selected, including 37 males and 22 females, aged 18-35 years(with an average age of 25.19±5.65 years). According to the preoperative spherical equivalent(SE), they were divided into two groups: the low-to-moderate myopia group(SE≥-6.00 DS)with 40 patients(80 eyes), and the high myopia group(SE<-6.00 DS)with 19 patients(38 eyes). The monocular and binocular accommodative facility before surgery and at 1 wk and 1 mo after surgery were compared, and the changes in accommodative facility before and after SMILE surgery in the two groups of patients were analyzed.RESULTS:All surgeries were completed successfully. In the low-to-moderate myopia group, 33 cases(66 eyes)completed the 1-month follow-up after surgery, with a loss to follow-up rate of 17.5%(7/40). In the high myopia group, 15 patients(30 eyes)completed the 1-month follow-up after surgery, with a loss to follow-up rate of 21.1%(4/19). After SMILE surgery, the uncorrected visual acuity and SE of both low-to-moderate myopia and high myopia were significantly improved(all P<0.05). The accommodative facility of the right eyes in all the patients at 1 mo after surgery was better than that before surgery and at 1 wk after surgery(P=0.002, 0.006), the accommodative facility of the left eyes was significantly increased at 1 mo after surgery than that at 1 wk after surgery(P=0.005), and the binocular accommodative facility at 1 mo after surgery was significantly increased compared with that before surgery(P<0.017). Furthermore, there were statistical significance in accommodative facility of the right eyes in the low-to-moderate group at 1 mo compared with that before surgery and at 1 wk after surgery(P=0.011, 0.004); it was significantly increased in the left eyes at 1 mo after surgery compared with that at 1 wk after surgery(P=0.001), and binocular accommodative facility at 1 mo after surgery was significantly better than that before surgery(P<0.001). Furthermore, there was no statistical significance in the right, left and binocular accommodative facility of patients in the high myopia group(all P>0.017).CONCLUSION: After SMILE surgery, the monocular accommodative facility shows a transient decrease and then exceeds the preoperative level at 1 mo after surgery, and the binocular accommodative facility gradually improves after surgery. SMILE surgery has a positive impact on the monocular and binocular accommodative facility in patients with low-to-moderate myopia, but has no significant impact on the accommodative facility in patients with high myopia. It is of clinical significance to strengthen the detection of monocular and binocular accommodative facility before and after SMILE surgery.

Objective:To explore clinical characteristics of adverse drug reactions of novel antineoplastic drugs in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS).Methods:The study was a retrospective case-control design. The subjects were selected from patients who used novel antineoplastic drugs in Henan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital from January 1 to December 31, 2023. Clinical data of patients were collected through the hospital electronic medical record system. Adverse reactions of novel antineoplastic drugs were screened and the incidence was calculated. According to results of HIV antibody testing, adverse reaction incidence was compared between HIV antibody-negative and-positive patients. Then the patients with HIV/AIDS were divided into 2 groups according to whether adverse reactions occurred and the differences in clinical data between them were compared; the clinical manifestations, intervention and outcomes of adverse reactions were analyzed descriptively.Results:A total of 182 patients were enrolled in this study, the overall incidence rate of adverse reactions of novel antineoplastic drugs was 56.6% (103/182), and the incidences in HIV antibody-positive and -negative patients were 55.9% (76/136) and 58.7% (27/46), respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05). In patients with HIV/AIDS, the proportions of patients over 50 years old [80.3% (61/76) vs. 63.3% (38/60)], with a history of previous adverse reactions [43.4% (33/76) vs. 23.3% (14/60)], and with other comorbidities [57.9% (44/76) vs. 40.0% (24/60)] in the adverse reactions group were higher than those in the non-adverse reactions group, and the differences were all statistical significance (all P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in gender, CD4 + T lymphocyte levels, HIV viral load, antiretroviral treatment regimens, and tumor types between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). Adverse reactions occurred for 91 times in the 76 patients, 27 (29.7%) of which were grade 1, 45 (49.4%) were grade 2, and 19 (20.9%) were grade 3 or severer. According to clinical characteristics, there were 209 performances of adverse reactions in 76 patients, mainly including hand-foot syndrome, fatigue, hypertension, rash, etc., with the main affected system and organs being the skin and its appendages and the gastrointestinal system. The involved drugs mainly were anlotinib (44 cases, 21.0%), lenvatinib (29 cases, 13.9%), and bevacizumab (23 cases, 11.0%). After drug adjustments and symptomatic treatments, 80 times of adverse reactions were eventually improved, 4 were not, and 3 were with unknown information. Conclusions:The incidences of adverse reactions of novel antineoplastic drugs were similar between patients with and without HIV/AIDS. In HIV/AIDS patients with tumors, those over 50 years old, with other diseases, and with a history of adverse reactions might have higher risks of adverse reactions, which mainly involved the skin and its appendages and the gastrointestinal system, with a severity of mostly grade 1 to 2. With timely managements, the prognosis was favorable.

Objective:To construct a curriculum system for malignant fungating wounds based on Kolb experience learning theory.Methods:The first draft of a curriculum system for malignant fungating wounds was constructed based on literature search and group discussion using Kolb experience learning theory as a guide. Between February and May 2024, purposive sampling was used to select 16 experts for two rounds of expert consultation based on the Delphi method to form the final draft of the curriculum system for malignant fungating wounds.Results:A total of 16 questionnaires were distributed in both rounds of expert consultation and 16 questionnaires were effectively recovered with an effective recovery rate of 100.00%. The expert authority coefficients in two rounds of consultation were all 0.916, and Kendall's W values ranged from 0.089 to 0.192 (all P<0.05). The final curriculum system for malignant fungating wounds included four primary indicators, 10 secondary indicators, and 32 tertiary indicators. Conclusions:The curriculum system for malignant fungating wounds constructed under the guidance of Kolb experience learning theory is scientific and practical, and can provide a basis for conducting malignant fungating wound training.

Objective:To explore clinical characteristics of adverse drug reactions of novel antineoplastic drugs in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS).Methods:The study was a retrospective case-control design. The subjects were selected from patients who used novel antineoplastic drugs in Henan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital from January 1 to December 31, 2023. Clinical data of patients were collected through the hospital electronic medical record system. Adverse reactions of novel antineoplastic drugs were screened and the incidence was calculated. According to results of HIV antibody testing, adverse reaction incidence was compared between HIV antibody-negative and-positive patients. Then the patients with HIV/AIDS were divided into 2 groups according to whether adverse reactions occurred and the differences in clinical data between them were compared; the clinical manifestations, intervention and outcomes of adverse reactions were analyzed descriptively.Results:A total of 182 patients were enrolled in this study, the overall incidence rate of adverse reactions of novel antineoplastic drugs was 56.6% (103/182), and the incidences in HIV antibody-positive and -negative patients were 55.9% (76/136) and 58.7% (27/46), respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05). In patients with HIV/AIDS, the proportions of patients over 50 years old [80.3% (61/76) vs. 63.3% (38/60)], with a history of previous adverse reactions [43.4% (33/76) vs. 23.3% (14/60)], and with other comorbidities [57.9% (44/76) vs. 40.0% (24/60)] in the adverse reactions group were higher than those in the non-adverse reactions group, and the differences were all statistical significance (all P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in gender, CD4 + T lymphocyte levels, HIV viral load, antiretroviral treatment regimens, and tumor types between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). Adverse reactions occurred for 91 times in the 76 patients, 27 (29.7%) of which were grade 1, 45 (49.4%) were grade 2, and 19 (20.9%) were grade 3 or severer. According to clinical characteristics, there were 209 performances of adverse reactions in 76 patients, mainly including hand-foot syndrome, fatigue, hypertension, rash, etc., with the main affected system and organs being the skin and its appendages and the gastrointestinal system. The involved drugs mainly were anlotinib (44 cases, 21.0%), lenvatinib (29 cases, 13.9%), and bevacizumab (23 cases, 11.0%). After drug adjustments and symptomatic treatments, 80 times of adverse reactions were eventually improved, 4 were not, and 3 were with unknown information. Conclusions:The incidences of adverse reactions of novel antineoplastic drugs were similar between patients with and without HIV/AIDS. In HIV/AIDS patients with tumors, those over 50 years old, with other diseases, and with a history of adverse reactions might have higher risks of adverse reactions, which mainly involved the skin and its appendages and the gastrointestinal system, with a severity of mostly grade 1 to 2. With timely managements, the prognosis was favorable.

Objective:To construct a curriculum system for malignant fungating wounds based on Kolb experience learning theory.Methods:The first draft of a curriculum system for malignant fungating wounds was constructed based on literature search and group discussion using Kolb experience learning theory as a guide. Between February and May 2024, purposive sampling was used to select 16 experts for two rounds of expert consultation based on the Delphi method to form the final draft of the curriculum system for malignant fungating wounds.Results:A total of 16 questionnaires were distributed in both rounds of expert consultation and 16 questionnaires were effectively recovered with an effective recovery rate of 100.00%. The expert authority coefficients in two rounds of consultation were all 0.916, and Kendall's W values ranged from 0.089 to 0.192 (all P<0.05). The final curriculum system for malignant fungating wounds included four primary indicators, 10 secondary indicators, and 32 tertiary indicators. Conclusions:The curriculum system for malignant fungating wounds constructed under the guidance of Kolb experience learning theory is scientific and practical, and can provide a basis for conducting malignant fungating wound training.

Apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage(AIM)belongs to group B of the scavenger receptor cysteine rich-super family.AIM is a soluble protein secreted by macrophages.The expression of this protein is controlled by the liver X receptor.AIM,which is secreted by macrophages,plays important and broad roles in the immune responses of the body.It not only inhibits the apoptosis of macrophages but also participates in the regulation of macrophage polarization.In addition,studies have revealed that AIM is involved in various physiological and pathological processes,such as inflammation,obesity,atherosclerosis,and cancer.It has been used as a biological marker for the diagnosis of diseases such as tuberculosis and liver cirrhosis.Moreover,it can promote the lipolysis of adipose cells by inhibiting the activity of fatty acid synthase(FAS),playing an important role in the regulation of lipid homeostasis,lipid metabolism,and autoimmune diseases.In this paper,we review the multiple functional characteristics of AIM and its effects on inflammation,lipid metabolism,and related diseases to provide a theoretical basis for relevant medical research.

Objective:To explore the regulatory effect of Suaeda salsa on renal apoprosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) and macrophage polarization in diabetes kidney disease (DKD) model rats.Methods:A DKD rat model was established using a high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The rats were divided into model group, metformin group, and Suaeda salsa high-, medium-, and low-dosage groups using a random number table method, with 8 mice in each group. The normal group was set with 8 rats in this group. The metformin group was given 85.71 mg/kg of metformin solution by gavage, while the Suaeda salsa high-, medium-, and low-dosage groups were given 3.08, 1.54, and 0.77 g/kg of Suaeda salsa suspension by gavage (raw dosage). The normal group and model group were given equal volumes of saline by gavage, once a day, administered by gavage for 12 weeks of intervention. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glucose tolerance (OGTT) were measured, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated; the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and glycosylated serum protein (GSP) were detected; urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), and 24-hour urine protein (24 hUP) were detected; HE staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of the kidneys; Masson and PAS staining were used to observe renal tissue fibrosis; Western blot method was used for detecting AIM, CD206, CD86, TNF-α and IL-10 protein levels in renal tissue; Immunofluorescence was used to detect the average optical density values of AIM, CD206, and CD86 proteins in renal tissue.Results:Compared with the model group, the FBG, OGTT AUC, HbA1c, GSP of each dosage group of Suaeda salsa decreased ( P<0.01); the expression levels of AIM, CD206, and IL-10 proteins in renal tissue increased ( P<0.01 or P<0.05), while the expression levels of CD86 and TNF-α protein significantly decreased ( P<0.01 or P<0.05); HE, Masson, and PAS staining results showed that compared with the model group, the changes in renal microvasculature and renal fibrosis of rats in each dosage group of Suaeda salsa were improved. Conclusion:Suaeda salsa may regulate AIM, promote polarization of M2 macrophages, improve the inflammatory microenvironment of macrophages, thereby lowering blood lipids of DKD rats, and improving renal pathological damage.

Humans ; Adolescent ; Acne Vulgaris/therapy* ; Skin Care ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Cognition ; China ; Skin

ObjectiveBased on network pharmacology and transcriptomics， the mechanism of Zishen Qinggan prescription （ZSQGF） in improving glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes （T2DM） model rats was explored. MethodBased on network pharmacology analysis of the differential genes between ZSQGF and T2DM， gene ontology（GO）analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes（KEGG） analysis were conducted， and molecular docking analysis was used to verify the binding between components and targets. A T2DM rat model was established by high-fat feeding and injection of streptozotocin （STZ）. The rats were randomly divided into the control group， model group， metformin （Met， 72 mg·kg^-1） group， and ZSQGF high-， medium-， and low-dose groups （ZSQGF-H， ZSQGF-M， and ZSQGF-L， with 4.8， 2.4， and 1.2 g·kg^-1 raw drug in the solution）. The living status of rats was monitored and the levels of total cholesterol （TC）， total triglycerides （TG）， high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， and alanine aminotransferase （ALT） in rat serum were detected. The liver tissues were subjected to Hematoxylin eosin（HE） staining and oil red O staining. The differential genes were analyzed through transcriptomics， GO and KEGG analysis， and the protein-protein interaction（PPI） network was obtained to screen key targets. With network pharmacology and transcriptomics analysis results， the protein pathways were identified. The expression levels of nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， matrix metalloproteinase（MMP）-1 and MMP-9 proteins in liver tissues were detected by Western blot. The mRNA expression of B-cell lymphoma-2（Bcl-2） modifying factor（BMF）， nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate （NADPH） oxidase 4 （NOX4）， and fatty acid synthase（FASN） was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR）. The expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9 in the liver was detected by immunofluorescence staining. ResultTranscriptomics and network pharmacology analysis suggested that ZSQGF may protect the liver through the glucose and lipid metabolism pathway and the inflammation pathway. Experiments showed that after 8 weeks of administration， the body weight， blood sugar， serum indicators， and pathological staining results of rats were improved. Western blot results indicated a decrease in the relative expression levels of NF-κB， MMP-1 and MMP-9 proteins in the liver. Real-time PCR results showed a decrease in the transcriptional expression of BMF， NOX4， and FASN in the ZSQGF-H group， while immunofluorescence staining results present decreased expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9 in the ZSQGF groups. ConclusionZSQGF can improve the glucose and lipid metabolism by inhibiting the expression of FASN， reducing lipid synthesis， and regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway.