OBJECTIVE To explore the improvement effect and mechanism of salidroside on radiation-induced parotid gland injury in rats. METHODS Rats were randomly assigned into normal group， radiation group， salidroside low-dose （salidroside-L， 50 mg/kg） group， salidroside high-dose （salidroside-H， 100 mg/kg） group， and salidroside-H+inhibitor （100 mg/kg salidroside+0.1 µmol/kg H-89） group， with 10 rats in each group. Except for the normal group， rats in the other groups were subjected to radiation exposure to establish a model of radiation-induced parotid gland injury. Rats in each group were intraperitoneally injected with the corresponding drug or normal saline， once a day， for 40 consecutive days. After the last administration， the levels of reactive oxygen species （ROS）， cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， and amylase in serum were detected； the pathological changes of parotid gland tissue were observed； the apoptosis rate of parotid gland tissue cells， the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2） and its associated X protein （Bax）， mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 （IL- 6） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， the protein expression levels of type Ⅲ collagen （Col Ⅲ）， vasoactive intestinal peptide （VIP）， and the phosphorylation level of protein kinase A （PKA） in parotid gland tissue were determined. RESULTS Compared with normal group， the levels of ROS， amylase， apoptosis rate， Bax expression level， mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and TNF- α， and protein expression level of Col Ⅲ in the radiation group were significantly increased， while the levels of cAMP， SOD， Bcl-2 expression level， VIP protein expression level and PKA phosphorylation level were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）. Compared with radiation group， the above indicators in the salidroside-L group and salidroside-H group were significantly improved （P＜0.05）， and the improvement in the salidroside-H group was more significant （P＜0.05）； inhibitor H-89 significantly reversed the changes in the above indicators of the salidroside-H group （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Salidroside can effectively alleviate radiation-induced parotid gland injury in rats， and its mechanism may be related to the activation of the VIP-cAMP pathway.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is linked to an increased prevalence of myocardial infarction (MI). However, research dedicated to elucidating the pathogenesis of AS-MI is lacking. In this study, we explored the biomarkers for enhancing the diagnostic and therapeutic efficiency of AS-MI. Datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. We employed weighted gene co-expression network analysis and machine learning models to screen hub genes. A receiver operating characteristic curve and a nomogram were designed to assess diagnostic accuracy. Gene set enrichment analysis was conducted to reveal the potential function of hub genes. Immune infiltration analysis indicated the correlation between hub genes and the immune landscape. Subsequently, we performed single-cell analysis to identify the expression and subcellular localization of hub genes. We further constructed a transcription factor (TF)-microRNA (miRNA) regulatory network. Finally, drug prediction and molecular docking were performed. S100A12 and MCEMP1 were identified as hub genes, which were correlated with immune-related biological processes. They exhibited high diagnostic value and were predominantly expressed in myeloid cells. Furthermore, 24 TFs and 9 miRNA were associated with these hub genes. Enzastaurin, meglitinide, and nifedipine were predicted as potential therapeutic agents. Our study indicates that S100A12 and MCEMP1 exhibit significant potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AS-MI, offering novel insights into the underlying etiology of this condition.
Humans ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing/complications* ; Systems Biology/methods* ; Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis* ; Biomarkers/metabolism* ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Machine Learning

Objective:To investigate the clinical manifestation, therapy, and prognosis of Susac syndrome and enhance the understanding of this disease.Methods:A case summary was made.The clinical data of two siblings with Susac syndrome treated at Children′s Medical Center, Peking University First Hospital in January 2024 were summarized.Reported cases of pediatric Susac syndrome were reviewed.Results:The onset of the disease in the two siblings was at the age of 3.00 and 6.75 years, with recurrent headaches, tinnitus, hearing loss and encephalopathy symptoms.Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple cerebral microbleeding and microinfarction lesions, " snowball like" in the corpus callosum and diffuse white matter edema in the brain.Audiometry revealed sensorineural hearing loss.In one case, ophthalmic fluorescein angiography revealed ischemic changes due to branch retinal artery occlusions.No pathogenic variants were detected in gene testing.This child was diagnosed with Susac syndrome, and the symptoms were improved after treatment with Corticosteroids and Rituximab.No relapse was observed during the 9-month follow-up.A total of 20 pediatric cases of Susac syndrome were retrieved, including 18 reported previously and 2 cases from this study.There were 2 boys and 18 girls, with the age of onset ranging from 2.5 to 17.0 years.The common initial symptoms included headache (19 cases), vertigo and tinnitus or hearing loss (9 cases), and vision impairment or visual field defect (4 cases). The symptoms were improved after immunotherapy.Conclusions:With a low incidence, Susac syndrome is rare in children and difficult to diagnose.There may be a genetic predisposition in such disease.Early diagnosis and immunotherapy can low the relapse and improve the prognosis.

Objective:To investigate the association between social support and subjective and objective cognitive functions among the middle-aged and elderly population in Pingyin County, Jinan City, Shandong Province.Methods:Employing a multi-stage cluster random sampling method, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 by selecting people aged 45-70 years from seven villages in three towns within Pingyin County, Jinan City, as survey respondents. Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Subjective Cognitive Decline-Questionnaire 9 (SCD-Q9) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B) were used to assess the social support and cognitive status of interviewees, and a self-developed questionnaire was used to collect other basic information. Pearson correlation analysis, multiple linear regression and multifactorial logistic regression were used to explore the relationship between social support and subjective and objective cognitive functions.Results:A total of 1 891 subjects were finally included in the study, with 45.52±6.99 for the SSRS total score, an abnormal rate of 43.68% (826/1 891) for the SCD-Q9 score and an abnormal rate of 60.02% (1 135/1 891) for the MoCA-B score. The SSRS total score, subjective support score, objective support score and support utilization score were negatively correlated with SCD-Q9 scores and positively correlated with MoCA-B scores (all P<0.05). An increase in SSRS total score ( β=-0.034, 95% CI: -0.051--0.017, P<0.001) and objective support score ( β=-0.074, 95% CI: -0.121--0.027, P=0.002) can lower SCD-Q9 scores. Compared to those who had only 1 source of financial support or help with practical problems when experiencing an acute situation, those with 2-4 ( OR=0.53, 95% CI: 0.34-0.82), 5 ( OR=0.46, 95% CI: 0.27-0.79), or 6-7 ( OR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.22-0.81) sources of help were more likely to have normal SCD-Q9 scores. Compared to individuals with ≤2 close friends who provided support and help, those with 3-5 ( OR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.50-0.91) or ≥6 friends ( OR=0.72, 95% CI: 0.54-0.97) were more likely to have normal MoCA-B scores. Moreover, compared to individuals who never participated in group activities, those who actively participated ( OR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.42-0.81) were more likely to have normal MoCA-B scores. Conclusions:Social support has protective effects on subjective and objective cognitive functions, and various social support conditions have different protective effects on subjective and objective cognitive functions among middle-aged and older people. Improving social support conditions for middle-aged and elderly individuals may delay the process of cognitive decline.

Objective To observe the mid-and long-term effects of Kegel training combined with Pilates training on urinary conti-nence recovery in different body mass index(BMI)male patients with urinary incontinence after prostatectomy.Methods From May,2023 to June,2024,48 patients in Beijing Bo'ai Hospital were recruited and divided into group A(<25 kg/m2,n=15),group B(25 to 30 kg/m2,n=18)and group C(>30 kg/m2,n=15)according to their BMI.All the groups performed Kegel training combined with Pilates training for two months,and followed up at six months from baseline.They were evaluated with one hour pad test,the number of daily urinary incontinence,In-ternational Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form(ICIQ-SF)and modified Oxford Rating Scale before treatment,and four weeks,eight weeks and six months after treatment.Results The intra-group effect,the inter-group effect and interaction effect were significant in the results of one hour pad test and the daily number of urinary incontinence(F>2.955,P<0.05).Post Hoc test showed that they were worse in group C than in groups A and B(P<0.05),and the number of daily urinary incontinence was more in group B than in group A(P<0.05).There was significant difference in the scores of ICIQ-SF and modified Ox-ford Rating Scale among groups in different time points after treatment(Z>10.476,P<0.05)except the score of ICIQ-SF four weeks after treatment(P>0.05),and they were the worst in group C.BMI(group A=1,group B=2,group C=3)was correlated with the results of one hour pad test(r=0.79,P<0.001),the number of daily uri-nary incontinence(r=0.68,P<0.001),and the scores of ICIQ-SF(r=0.68,P<0.001)and modified Oxford Rating Scale(r=-0.47,P=0.001)six months after treatment.Conclusion Kegel training combined with Pilates training could improve the urinary control in patients with urinary in-continence after prostatectomy.The decrease of BMI can promote the recovery of urinary control,and improve the symptoms of later urinary incontinence in mid-and long-term.

Objective To analyze the use of anticholinergic medications at discharge among elderly patients with chronic heart failure(CHF)and its associated risk factors.Methods Clinical data of 240 elderly CHF patients admitted in our Department of Cardiovascular Diseases between January 1,2020,and December 31,2023 were colloected.Based on ACB score,they were divided into an an-ticholinergic group(ACB score≥1,223 cases)and a non-anticholinergic group(ACB score of 0,17 cases).Using the ACB score,the anticholinergic burden was quantified,and the relationship be-tween anticholinergic burden and various related factors was analyzed using logistic regression.Results The anticholinergic group had significantly younger age[(75.17±7.21)years vs(79.12±8.75)years,P＜0.05],and larger number of discharge medications[8(6,10)vs 5(4,7),P＜0.01]when compared with the non-anticholinergic group.Logistic regression analysis showed that the number of discharge medications was an independent risk factor for increased anticholinergic bur-den in the elderly CHF patients(OR=1.575,95％CI:1.249-1.986,P=0.001).Conclusion The proportion of elderly CHF patients using anticholinergic medications is relatively high.Clinically,special attention should be given to polypharmacy to reduce the incidence of adverse events caused by anticholinergic drugs.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is becoming an leading causes of hepatic fibrosis worldwide,resulting in MAFLD-related liver fibrosis.Emerging evidences have indicated that the activation of the NOD-like receptor family Pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)inflammasome is a critical contributor to the development of MAFLD-related liver fibrosis.This article reviews the mechanism by which NLRP3 inflammasome activation promotes the development of MAFLD-related liver fibrosis,and focuses on the pharmacological mechanism of drugs targeting NLRP3 inflammasome to treat MAFLD-related liver fibrosis.

Objective:To retrieve, evaluate, and integrate evidence on output and input record in patients with heart failure.Methods:Literature related to output and input record for patients with heart failure was systematically searched in national and international guideline networks, professional association websites, and databases. The search period was from database establishment to October 31, 2024. Evidence was extracted, integrated, and graded after two researchers independently conducted a literature quality assessment.Results:A total of 15 papers were included, including six guidelines, two expert consensus, two evidence summaries, one recommended practice, two systematic reviews, and two expert opinions. Twenty-five pieces of best evidence were summarized in five areas of objects and content, fluid measurement, recording and aggregation, evaluation and monitoring, and training and guidance.Conclusions:This study summarizes the best evidence for output and input record in patients with heart failure, which may inform nursing staff in their clinical practice. Nursing staff should judiciously select and apply evidence in a clinical context so as to improve the accuracy of output and input record.

Objective:To investigate the association between social support and subjective and objective cognitive functions among the middle-aged and elderly population in Pingyin County, Jinan City, Shandong Province.Methods:Employing a multi-stage cluster random sampling method, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 by selecting people aged 45-70 years from seven villages in three towns within Pingyin County, Jinan City, as survey respondents. Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Subjective Cognitive Decline-Questionnaire 9 (SCD-Q9) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B) were used to assess the social support and cognitive status of interviewees, and a self-developed questionnaire was used to collect other basic information. Pearson correlation analysis, multiple linear regression and multifactorial logistic regression were used to explore the relationship between social support and subjective and objective cognitive functions.Results:A total of 1 891 subjects were finally included in the study, with 45.52±6.99 for the SSRS total score, an abnormal rate of 43.68% (826/1 891) for the SCD-Q9 score and an abnormal rate of 60.02% (1 135/1 891) for the MoCA-B score. The SSRS total score, subjective support score, objective support score and support utilization score were negatively correlated with SCD-Q9 scores and positively correlated with MoCA-B scores (all P<0.05). An increase in SSRS total score ( β=-0.034, 95% CI: -0.051--0.017, P<0.001) and objective support score ( β=-0.074, 95% CI: -0.121--0.027, P=0.002) can lower SCD-Q9 scores. Compared to those who had only 1 source of financial support or help with practical problems when experiencing an acute situation, those with 2-4 ( OR=0.53, 95% CI: 0.34-0.82), 5 ( OR=0.46, 95% CI: 0.27-0.79), or 6-7 ( OR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.22-0.81) sources of help were more likely to have normal SCD-Q9 scores. Compared to individuals with ≤2 close friends who provided support and help, those with 3-5 ( OR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.50-0.91) or ≥6 friends ( OR=0.72, 95% CI: 0.54-0.97) were more likely to have normal MoCA-B scores. Moreover, compared to individuals who never participated in group activities, those who actively participated ( OR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.42-0.81) were more likely to have normal MoCA-B scores. Conclusions:Social support has protective effects on subjective and objective cognitive functions, and various social support conditions have different protective effects on subjective and objective cognitive functions among middle-aged and older people. Improving social support conditions for middle-aged and elderly individuals may delay the process of cognitive decline.

Ferroptosis has received great attention as an iron-dependent programmed cell death for efficient cancer therapy. However, with the accumulation of iron in tumor cells, the antioxidant system is activated by reducing glutathione (GSH) with glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which critically limits the ferroptosis therapeutic effect. Herein, an iron and GPX4 silencing siRNA (siGPX4) co-encapsulated ferritin nanocage (HFn@Fe/siGPX4) was developed to enhance ferroptosis by disruption of redox homeostasis and inhibition of antioxidant enzyme synergistically. The siGPX4 were loaded into the nanocages by pre-incubated with iron, which could significantly improve the loading efficiency of the gene drugs when compared with the reported gene drug loading strategy by ferritin nanocages. And more iron was overloaded into the ferritin through the diffusion method. When HFn@Fe/siGPX4 was taken up by human breast cancer cell MCF-7 in a TfR1-mediated pathway, the excess iron ions in the drug delivery system could for one thing induce ferroptosis by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), for another promote siGPX4 escaping from the lysosome to exert gene silencing effect more effectively. Both the in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that HFn@Fe/siGPX4 could significantly inhibit tumor growth by synergistical ferroptosis. Thus, the developed HFn@Fe/siGPX4 afforded a combined ferroptosis strategy for ferroptosis-based antitumor as well as a novel and efficient gene drug delivery system.