Background Co-exposure to noise and microwave radiation occurs frequently. The central nervous system has been identified as a sensitive target organ for both noise and microwave exposure individually, and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The specific biological effects resulting from co-exposure to these two factors have yet to be fully elucidated. Objective To clarify the effects of co-exposure to noise and microwave on neurobehavior and hippocampal tissue structure, and to explore the underlying mechanism through the assessment of serum cytokines. Methods C57BL/6N mice were selected and randomly assigned to a blank control group, a noise group, a microwave group, and a combined noise & microwave exposure group. To establish the exposure models, the noise group was subjected to broadband noise at 100 dB for 2 h, while the microwave group received radiation at a central frequency of 9.375 GHz with an average power density of 12 mW·cm⁻² and a specific absorption rate of 2.58 W·kg⁻¹ for 15 min. Open field and tail suspension tests assessed anxiety-like emotional behaviour; novel object recognition and Y-maze tests evaluated cognitive function. Histological changes in hippocampal tissue were examined using haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and Nissl staining under light microscopy. Serum cytokine levels were measured using radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results After 3 d of exposure, the noise, microwave, and combined exposure groups showed significant reductions in exploration frequency, duration, and distance within the central zone of the open field test compared to the control group (P < 0.01); the combined exposure group exhibited increased ratios of peripheral-to-central exploration time and distance (P < 0.05). After 7 d of exposure, compared with the control group, the noise group maintained a decrease in central zone exploration time (P < 0.01), while the combined exposure group showed persistent decline across all central zone metrics (P < 0.05) and elevated peripheral-to-central ratios (P < 0.05); compared to the microwave group, the combined exposure group showed significant less time in the central zone (P < 0.05) and higher peripheral-to-central ratios (P < 0.05). Regarding behaviour and cognition, compared with the control group, the combined exposure group showed increased immobility time in the tail suspension test after 3 d of exposure (P < 0.01). At this interval, all exposure groups demonstrated reduced frequency and duration of novel object recognition (P < 0.05), with the combined exposure group showing a marked decrease in novel arm exploration time (P < 0.01). After 7 d of exposure, compared with the control group, the noise group showed reduced novel object recognition frequency (P < 0.05), and both the noise and microwave groups exhibited decreased novel arm exploration time (P < 0.05). Pathological alterations including an increased number of hyperchromatic nuclei and depleted Nissl bodies were observed in the CA3 and DG regions across all exposure groups with the most severe lesions observed in the combined exposure group. Serum levels of central nervous system-specific protein β (S-100β), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and corticosterone (CORT) were significantly elevated in all exposure groups compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) levels increased in the combined exposure group (P < 0.05), while CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) levels rose in both the noise and combined groups compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Specifically, S-100β and CXCL10 levels in the combined exposure group were higher than those in the microwave group (P < 0.05); moreover, levels of S-100β, GFAP, CORT, AQP4, and CXCL10 in the combined exposure group were significantly higher than those in the noise group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Combined exposure to noise and microwave radiation induces pathological changes in the hippocampus of mice, increases levels of serum stress hormones and neuro-specific biomarkers. These impairments are more severe than those observed following single-factor exposure. The underlaying mechanism may be related to systemic stress response, neuronal damage, astrocyte activation, and changes in blood-brain barrier permeability, leading to emotional behavioral abnormalities and cognitive decline.

Objective To develop an ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS)method for quantifying serum levels of norepinephrine(NE)and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),and to monitor the dynamic changes in these neurotransmitters during the process of establishing a model of acute reserpine-induced depression-like mice.Methods By evaluating matrix effect,recovery,precision,and accuracy efficiency,an UPLC-MS method for determining the concentrations of NE and 5-HT in serum was established.Forty-eight C57 mice were randomly divided into normal control and model groups,which were intraperitoneally injected with physiological saline(10 mL/kg)and reserpine(2.5 mg/kg),respectively.At various time points after intraperitoneal injection,the degree of ptosis and decreases in body temperature of the mice were observed before orbital blood was sample for the determination of NE and 5-HT levels.Results The concentrations of NE and 5-HT showed good linearity within the range of 15.63 to 2000.00 ng/mL,with R2 values greater than 0.999.The results of methodological validation met the requirements for the analysis of biological samples,with a lower limit of quantification of 15.63 ng/mg.After intraperitoneal injection of reserpine,the model mice exhibited varying body temperature decreases and ptosis.At 1 and 2 h post-administration,the depression-like symptoms in the model group were significantly different from those of the normal control group(P＜0.01).The body temperature of mice in the model group was significantly lower than that of mice in the normal control group(P＜0.01),while the score of the eyelid ptosis was significantly higher(P＜0.001).The levels of NE and 5-HT in the serum of model mice were also significantly depleted,and were significantly different from those of the normal control group at 0.5,1 and 2 h(P＜0.05).Conclusion The study process of established a rapid and accurate method for dynamically observing the changes in NE and 5-HT levels during the process of establishing a model of acute reserpine-induced depression-like mice,which might contribute to the study of the pathogenesis of depression and the development of new antidepressant drugs.

Objective:To summarize the best evidence for frailty management in patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy for gastric cancer, so as to provide reference for alleviating patient frailty.Methods:Guidelines, expert consensus, evidence summaries, systematic reviews, and randomized controlled trials and other articles on the frailty management of patients with postoperative chemotherapy for gastric cancer were electronically searched in computerized decision-making systems such as UpToDate, BMJ Best Practice, and Guidelines International Network, in comprehensive databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, and in the websites of professional societies. The search period was from database establishment to September 15, 2024. Two researchers independently screened the literature and evaluated the quality of the included literature, combining professional judgment to extract and summarize the best evidence.Results:A total of 18 papers were included, including two clinical decisions, one evidence summary, eight guidelines, two expert consensus, one systematic review, one randomized controlled trial, two quasi-experimental studies, and one observational study. The best evidence included a total of 34 pieces in seven aspects of comprehensive screening, nursing plan construction, preoperative prehabilitation, nutritional interventions, Chinese medicine interventions, exercise interventions, and psychological interventions for frailty.Conclusions:The summary of the best evidence for frailty management in patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy for gastric cancer may provide an evidence-based basis for frailty interventions by clinical medical and staff.

Objective:To summarize the best evidence for frailty management in patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy for gastric cancer, so as to provide reference for alleviating patient frailty.Methods:Guidelines, expert consensus, evidence summaries, systematic reviews, and randomized controlled trials and other articles on the frailty management of patients with postoperative chemotherapy for gastric cancer were electronically searched in computerized decision-making systems such as UpToDate, BMJ Best Practice, and Guidelines International Network, in comprehensive databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, and in the websites of professional societies. The search period was from database establishment to September 15, 2024. Two researchers independently screened the literature and evaluated the quality of the included literature, combining professional judgment to extract and summarize the best evidence.Results:A total of 18 papers were included, including two clinical decisions, one evidence summary, eight guidelines, two expert consensus, one systematic review, one randomized controlled trial, two quasi-experimental studies, and one observational study. The best evidence included a total of 34 pieces in seven aspects of comprehensive screening, nursing plan construction, preoperative prehabilitation, nutritional interventions, Chinese medicine interventions, exercise interventions, and psychological interventions for frailty.Conclusions:The summary of the best evidence for frailty management in patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy for gastric cancer may provide an evidence-based basis for frailty interventions by clinical medical and staff.

Humans ; Aged ; Lung Diseases ; Pneumonia/drug therapy* ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use* ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy* ; Administration, Inhalation ; Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy*

BACKGROUND: Perioperative treatment has become an increasingly important aspect of the management of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Small-scale clinical studies performed in recent years have shown improvements in the major pathological remission rate after neoadjuvant therapy, suggesting that it will soon become an important part of NSCLC treatment. Nevertheless, neoadjuvant immunotherapy may be accompanied by serious adverse reactions that lead to delay or cancelation of surgery, additional illness, and even death, and have therefore attracted much attention. The purpose of the clinical recommendations is to form a diagnosis and treatment plan suitable for the current domestic medical situation for the immune-related adverse event (irAE). METHODS: This recommendation is composed of experts in thoracic surgery, oncologists, thoracic medicine and irAE related departments (gastroenterology, respirology, cardiology, infectious medicine, hematology, endocrinology, rheumatology, neurology, dermatology, emergency section) to jointly complete the formulation. Experts make full reference to the irAE guidelines, large-scale clinical research data published by thoracic surgery, and the clinical experience of domestic doctors and publicly published cases, and repeated discussions in multiple disciplines to form this recommendation for perioperative irAE. RESULTS: This clinical recommendation covers the whole process of prevention, evaluation, examination, treatment and monitoring related to irAE, so as to guide the clinical work comprehensively and effectively. CONCLUSIONS Perioperative irAE management is an important part of immune perioperative treatment of lung cancer. With the continuous development of immune perioperative treatment, more research is needed in the future to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of perioperative irAE.

Objective To evaluate the correlation between cerebral blood flow perfusion and memory impairment in patients with severe stenosis of vertebral basilar artery (VBA).Methods 62 cases of patients with VBA stenosis diagnosed by digital subtraction angiography(DSA) in Beijing Tiantan Hospital from September 2016 to March 2017 were enrolled.Mental State Examination (MMSE),Clinical Memory Scale (CMS) test and CT perfusion(CTP) was performed.All patients were divided into memory normal group(n=24,including 1 excellent case,6 above normal cases,and 14 normal cases) and memory impairment group(n =38,including 18 below normal cases,12 periphery cases,8 impaired cases) according to CMS.The ratios of side-to-side period were compared between bilateral mesial temporal lobe and anterior circulation area.The relative time to peak (rTTP),relative mean transit time(rMTY),relative cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) were calculate.Results The incidence of CTP decompensation in the medial temporal lobe was higher than that in the patients with memory impairment(P＜0.05).The difference of rTTP and rMTT value between the two groups in the bilateral medial temporal lobes was statistically significant (rTFP:(1.131 ±0.037),(1.437±0.139),t=10.520,P＜ 0.05);rMTT:(1.081 ±0.059),(1.281 ±0.174),t=5.423,P＜0.05).Conclusion The patients with VBA severe stenosis are more likely to get memory impairment due to cerebral hypoperfusion.

OBJEVTIVETo study the effect of spvB/spvC gene on Salmonella virulence and the Host immune.

METHODSSTM.211, STM.211-Delta;spvB, STM.211-Delta;spvC, STM.211-Delta;spvB.spvC and PBS were infected with 0.2 mL 10(5) CFU corresponding strain respectively by intraperitoneal. We observed the mental status, movement, diarrhea, weight, pelage changed hair of the infected mouse. Then the level of IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ were detected by ELISA. Finally, we observe the pathological changes of liver and spleen with the general view and the microscope.

RESULTSInfection symptoms of STM.211, STM.211-Delta;spvB and STM.211-Delta;spvC were significantly worse than PBS group, but there was no significant difference between STM.211-spvB.spvC group and PBS group. The secretion of IFN-γ and IL-12 of STM.211, STM.211-Delta;spvB, STM.211-Delta;spvC group were significantly lower than those in the STM.211-Delta;spvB.spvC group (P<0.05), but IL-10 secretion was significantly higher than STM.211-Delta;spvB.spvC group (P<0.05). There were no statistical significance among the STM.211, STM.211-Delta;SpvB, STM.211-Delta;spvC groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSalmonella virulence can be affected obviously by spvB combined with spvC gene, but not by spvB or spvC. spvB/spvC gene can inhibit the TH1 cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-12) secretion but promote the TH2 cytokines (IL-10) expression, leading immune response trend to TH2 shift. It shows that spvB/spvC gene can help the bacteria evade the host immune defenses, leading to aggravation of infection.

Animals ; Cytokines ; immunology ; Interleukin-12 ; Mice ; Salmonella ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; Salmonella Infections ; immunology ; Virulence ; Virulence Factors ; genetics

Aim To investigate the expression and im-plication of HIF-1α, ROCK-2 , FoxM1 in PC12 cell in-jury induced by lead acetate. Methods PC12 cells were treated with lead acetate at the doses of 100 , 200 and 400 μmol·L-1 . The cell viability was determined by MTT reduction assay and LDH assay, the intracellu-lar production of oxygen species was measured by as-sessing SOD and MDA levels, cell apoptosis was deter-mined by Hoechst 33342 staining, the expressions of HIF-1α, ROCK-2 , FoxM1 , Bcl-2 and Bax were deter-mined by immunoblotting analysis. Results Lead ac-etate induced cell injury in PC12 cells in a dose-de-pendent manner, and it potentiated oxygen radical pro-duction and cell apoptosis. In addition, lead acetate enhanced HIF-1α and ROCK-2 expressions, increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and decreased FoxM1 expression. Conclusion Lead acetate can induce PC12 cell apop-tosis, which may be related with the expressions of HIF-1α, ROCK-2 and FoxM1 . Cellular oxidative stress may contribute to the injury as well.

BACKGROUNDLung cancers are classified as squamous cell carcinoma (SQ), adenocarcinoma (AC) and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). SQ is the major subtype of lung cancer. Currently, there are no targeted therapies for SQ due to lack of understanding its driving oncogenes. In this study, we validated an SQ specific biomarker hsa-miR-205 in Chinese patients with lung cancer and screened its candidate target genes for further functional studies to enrich knowledge in SQ target therapies.

METHODSQuantitative reverse-transcription PCR (quantitative RT-PCR) was performed on 197 macro-dissected (cancerous cells >75%) surgical lung tissues (45 SQ, 44 AC, 54 SCLC and 54 adjacent normal tissues) to validate the expression profiles of miR-205. Furthermore, the targets of this microRNA were predicted through the gateway miRecords and mapped to lung cancer-associated pathways using the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) database. Then quantitative RT-PCR was performed on an independent cohort of 44 snap-frozen surgical lung tissues to concurrently assess the expression profiles of miR-205 and its 52 putative targeted genes.

RESULTSMicroRNA-205 yielded high diagnostic accuracy in discriminating SQ from AC with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.985, and discriminating SQ from SCLC with an AUC of 0.978 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) surgical lung tissues. Predicted targets of miR-205 were associated with 52 key members of lung cancer signaling pathways. Ten target genes (ACSL1, AXIN2, CACNA2D2, FOXO3, PPP1R3A, PRKAG3, RUNX1, SMAD4, STK3 and TBL1XR1) were significantly down-regulated in SQ and had a strong negative correlation with miR-205, while one target gene (CDH3) was up-regulated in SQ and exhibited a strong positive correlation with miR-205.

CONCLUSIONSWe confirmed the high diagnostic accuracy of miR-205 in discriminating SQ from AC and SCLC in Chinese patients. Moreover, we identified 11 significant target genes of miR-205 which could be used for further functional studies as the basis for the development of SQ targeted therapies.

Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; Male ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; genetics