Objective:To investigate the impact of family cohesion and family conflict on the sleep duration of preschool children.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 2 990 preschool children from kindergartens in Dongcheng District, Beijing from April to June 2019. Family cohesion and conflict were assessed using the family life questionnaire (FLQ), while children's sleep duration and other variables were collected through a custom survey questionnaire. Independent sample t-test and Chi square test were performed using R statistical software package and EmpowerStats software, and multivariate Logistic regression models to explore the relationships between family cohesion, family conflict, and children's sleep duration. Results:A total of 612 children (20.47%) were identified with insufficient sleep duration. The group with insufficient sleep duration had lower family cohesion scores( (12.57±2.01) vs (12.84±2.01), t=2.928, P=0.002), and family conflict scores ((12.15±2.43) vs (12.52±2.24), t=3.643, P<0.001) than the group with sufficient sleep duration. The results of multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that high levels of family cohesion ( β=-0.234, OR=0.791, 95% CI=0.645-0.969, P=0.024) and low levels of family conflict ( β=-0.399, OR=0.671, 95% CI=0.553-0.813, P<0.001) were protective factors for sleep duration in preschool children. Conclusion:Family cohesion and family conflict significantly affect the sleep duration of preschool children, providing directions for interventions to improve insufficient sleep among children.

Humans ; Aged ; Lung Diseases ; Pneumonia/drug therapy* ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use* ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy* ; Administration, Inhalation ; Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy*

For the detection and identification of abnormal nodular tissues on the body surface, a microwave sensor structure loaded with a spiral resonator is proposed in this paper, a sensor simulation model is established using HFSS software, the structural parameters are optimized, and the actual sensor is fabricated. The S21 parameters of the tissue were obtained when nodules appeared by simulation, and the characteristic relationship between the difference of S21 parameters with position was analyzed and tested experimentally. The results showed that when nodules were present in normal tissues, the curve of S21 parameter difference with position change had obvious inverted bimodal characteristics, and the extreme value of S21 parameter difference appeared when the sensor was directly above the nodules, which was easy to identify the position of nodules. It provides an objective detection tool for the identification of abnormal nodular tissues on the body surface.
Microwaves ; Recognition, Psychology ; Computer Simulation ; Software

BACKGROUND: Perioperative treatment has become an increasingly important aspect of the management of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Small-scale clinical studies performed in recent years have shown improvements in the major pathological remission rate after neoadjuvant therapy, suggesting that it will soon become an important part of NSCLC treatment. Nevertheless, neoadjuvant immunotherapy may be accompanied by serious adverse reactions that lead to delay or cancelation of surgery, additional illness, and even death, and have therefore attracted much attention. The purpose of the clinical recommendations is to form a diagnosis and treatment plan suitable for the current domestic medical situation for the immune-related adverse event (irAE). METHODS: This recommendation is composed of experts in thoracic surgery, oncologists, thoracic medicine and irAE related departments (gastroenterology, respirology, cardiology, infectious medicine, hematology, endocrinology, rheumatology, neurology, dermatology, emergency section) to jointly complete the formulation. Experts make full reference to the irAE guidelines, large-scale clinical research data published by thoracic surgery, and the clinical experience of domestic doctors and publicly published cases, and repeated discussions in multiple disciplines to form this recommendation for perioperative irAE. RESULTS: This clinical recommendation covers the whole process of prevention, evaluation, examination, treatment and monitoring related to irAE, so as to guide the clinical work comprehensively and effectively. CONCLUSIONS Perioperative irAE management is an important part of immune perioperative treatment of lung cancer. With the continuous development of immune perioperative treatment, more research is needed in the future to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of perioperative irAE.

A multicenter blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted in accordance with international clinical trial standards to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xuebijing injection in the treatment of severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) under strict quality control condition. This article aims to illustrate key contents of the design ideas and implementation process of the RCT of Xuebijing injection in the treatment of SCAP, including the selection of research objects, design, implementation, and insights, etc., share experience with researchers of the respiratory and critical care, and provide reference for future studies in critical care.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Lianhua Dingchuan Tablets in bronchial asthma.Methods Fifty BALB/C mice were randomly and equally divided into control (Con) group,ovalbumin (OVA) group,dexamethasone (DEX) group,high-dose Lianhua group,low-dose Lianhua group.The mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA plus aluminium hydroxide to establish asthmatic model and were pre-treated 30 minutes before challenge.Specific airway resistance (sRaw) was used to evaluate airway hyperresponsiveness,and airway inflammatory changes were measured.ELISA and Magnetic Luminex(R) were used to quantified the levels of IL-4,IL-13 and INF-γ.Results Airway resistance significantly decreased in DEX group and High-dose Lianhua group (P＜0.05).Levels of inflammatory cells and IL-13 in BALF evidently reduced in DEX group,high-dose Lianhua group and low-dose Lianhua group (P ＜ 0.05),while IL-13 level in serum only decreased in DEX group.There was no significant changes in the levels of IL 4 and INF γ among those groups.Conclusions Lianhua Dingchuan Tablets might relieve the symptoms of asthma by reducing IL-13 level and inhibiting the airway inflammation.

Objective To explore the effect of cigarette smoke exposure on testis structure and nitric oxide (NO) level in testis of rats.Methods A total of 160 adult male SD rats were divided into control group and low,medium,high dose groups.The smoke-exposed rats were respectively exposed to the smog for the periods of 2,4,6,8 and 12 weeks,10 rats in each group.The smoke-exposed rats were exposed to cigarette smoke for 0.5 h per day.The testicular tissue structure was observed and the body mass and the NO level of testis were measured.Results Compared with the control group and low dose group,the body mass of the rats was significantly lower in the medium and high dose groups exposed for 4,6,8,12 weeks (P<0.05).Compared with the medium dose groups,the body mass of the rats was significantly lower in the high dose group exposed for 8 weeks and 12 weeks (P<0.05).And with the increase of exposure dose,the reducing was even more obvious.Compared with the control group and low and medium dose groups,NO level in testis of rats was significantly increased in the high dose groups exposed for 2,4,6,8 weeks (P<0.05).Compared with the control group,NO level in testis of rats was significantly increased in the medium dose groups exposed for 8 weeks (P<0.05).Compared with the control group,NO level in testis of rats was significantly increased in the low,medium and high dose groups exposed for 12 weeks (P<0.05);and compared with the low dose group,NO level in testis of rats was significantly increased in the medium and high dose groups(P<0.05).Conclusion Cigarette smoke exposure may have impacts on testis tissue and lead to the increase of NO level in testis of male rats.

Objective Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has gradually been used in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).The efficacy and adverse reactions of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on general anxiety disorder are assessed in the review.Methods Searched databases such as Pubmed,Cochrane library,OVID,CNKI,VIP by computer,and researched published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focused on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on general anxiety disorder.Meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.3 software.Results A total of 10 RCTs were included,involving 732 general anxiety disorder patients.The were divided into two subgroups,one group is effect observation,the other group is the improvement of curative effect in the treatment process.The effectiveness of intervention of rTMS follow up is better than that of the control group (WMD =-5.02,95％ CI=-6.84--3.20,P＜0.01).The intervention of rTMS group can early ameliorate the symptom of anxiety.The results of low frequency and high frequency rTMS intervention is (WMD =-1.34,95％ CI=-1.97--0.71,P＜0.01;WMD =-2.65,95％ CI=-3.51--1.79,P＜0.01).The adverse reactious of the intervention of rTMS group is less than that of the control group(WMD =-7.04,95％ CI=-11.64--2.43,P＜0.01).Conclusion rTMS intervention in the treatment of GAD patients at the end of the treatment and short-term follow-up efficacy is better,rTMS intervention after the onset of rapid intervention,the intervention group adverse reactions are rare.

OBJEVTIVETo study the effect of spvB/spvC gene on Salmonella virulence and the Host immune.

METHODSSTM.211, STM.211-Delta;spvB, STM.211-Delta;spvC, STM.211-Delta;spvB.spvC and PBS were infected with 0.2 mL 10(5) CFU corresponding strain respectively by intraperitoneal. We observed the mental status, movement, diarrhea, weight, pelage changed hair of the infected mouse. Then the level of IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ were detected by ELISA. Finally, we observe the pathological changes of liver and spleen with the general view and the microscope.

RESULTSInfection symptoms of STM.211, STM.211-Delta;spvB and STM.211-Delta;spvC were significantly worse than PBS group, but there was no significant difference between STM.211-spvB.spvC group and PBS group. The secretion of IFN-γ and IL-12 of STM.211, STM.211-Delta;spvB, STM.211-Delta;spvC group were significantly lower than those in the STM.211-Delta;spvB.spvC group (P<0.05), but IL-10 secretion was significantly higher than STM.211-Delta;spvB.spvC group (P<0.05). There were no statistical significance among the STM.211, STM.211-Delta;SpvB, STM.211-Delta;spvC groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSalmonella virulence can be affected obviously by spvB combined with spvC gene, but not by spvB or spvC. spvB/spvC gene can inhibit the TH1 cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-12) secretion but promote the TH2 cytokines (IL-10) expression, leading immune response trend to TH2 shift. It shows that spvB/spvC gene can help the bacteria evade the host immune defenses, leading to aggravation of infection.

Animals ; Cytokines ; immunology ; Interleukin-12 ; Mice ; Salmonella ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; Salmonella Infections ; immunology ; Virulence ; Virulence Factors ; genetics

Abstract] Objective To study the roles of IL-12 and IL-23 in the development of protective im-munity and pathological changes during chlamydial urogenital infection.Methods C57BL/6J wild type (wt) mice and mice deficient in IL-12p35 (IL-12p35 KO) or IL-12p40 (IL-12p40 KO)were inoculated in-travaginally with 1×104 IFU of live Chlamydia muridarum ( C.muridarum) organisms.Half mice of each group were reinfected on day 114 after primary infection.Vaginal swabs were taken every 3 or 4 days to mo-nitor live organism shedding.The mice were sacrificed after 114 or 143 days of primary infection and the va-ginal tract and kidney samples were collected for pathological analysis.The numbers of chlamydial inclusion bodies and bacteria in kidney homogenates were titrated after 100 days of primary infection.Results The infection time courses of mice deficient in either IL-12p35 or IL-12p40 were similar after primary infection, but were prolonged as compared with the wild type mice.All mice regardless of genotypes developed severe pathological damages in upper genital tracts with no significant difference among different groups.Almost all IL-12p40 KO mice and some IL-12p35 KO mice showed pathological changes in kidney samples.No obvious abnormality was observed in any of the kidneys from wild type mice.Neither the age-matched IL-12p35 KO nor IL-12p40 KO mice developed any gross pathological changes in kidney in the absence of chlamydial in-fection.C.muridarum inclusions were detected in kidney samples with gross pathological damages from IL-12p35 KO mice and IL-12p40 KO mice.No inclusions were ever detected in kidneys from the wild type mice.The numbers of chlamydial inclusions in the IL-12p40 KO mice were much higher than those of the IL-12p35 KO mice.Live bacteria were detected in mice deficient in either IL-12p35 or IL-12p40, but not in the wild type mice.No significant difference with the number of live bacteria was found between IL-12p35 KO mice and IL-12p40 KO mice.Conclusion IL-12 and IL-23 could inhibit the spread of C.muridarum in-fection from genital tract to kidney.The deficiency of IL-12 or IL-23 might relate to the renal lesions induced by Chlamydia infection.