BACKGROUND:Gait analysis,as a radiation-free dynamic assessment method,may be able to assist imaging to evaluate patients with scoliosis,thereby reducing radiation exposure.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the correlation between gait parameters and imaging parameters in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients,and preliminarily explore the potential mechanism through OpenSim simulation modeling.METHODS:Twenty adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients aged 10-18 years with Cobb angle of 10°-45° were selected as adolescent idiopathic scoliosisgroup. The control group was normal children of the same age and the same body mass index range,and a total of 40 subjects were included. The differences in spatiotemporal parameter,kinematic parameters,dynamic parameters,and gait deviation index of the two groups were compared to explore the correlation between pathological gait and coronal balance. The related mechanisms were preliminarily studied.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The comparison of gait parameters between groups showed that the percentage of bilateral support phase and double support phase increased in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients,and the percentage of bilateral swing phase decreased (P<0.05). The maximum adduction angle of the left hip joint of patients in the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis group was greater than that of the control group,and the maximum abduction angle of the bilateral hip joints was significantly less than that of the control group (P<0.05). The ankle joints of the two groups when the bilateral heels initially touched the ground;the difference between angles was significant (P<0.05). The peak power of right hip flexor muscle group in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients was significantly decreased when they pushed off the ground (P<0.05). (2) The results of the correlation study showed that the maximum abductive angle of the right hip joint was significantly positively correlated with the Cobb angle (r=0.552,P=0.012),and the right peak power of right hip flexor muscle and C7 lateral offset were significantly negatively correlated (r=-0.475,P=0.034). There was a significant positive correlation between ankle angle and lateral pelvic tilt when left foot followed the ground (r=0.476,P=0.034). (3) The simulation results of muscle length showed that the change of muscle fiber length of gluteal medium muscle in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients was significantly reduced (P<0.05). The change of muscle fiber length of the bilateral internal oblique muscle was significantly reduced in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients (P<0.05). Comparing the muscle fiber length of the two groups when foot followed the ground,it was found that the muscle fiber length of the calf triceps of the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients was significantly shorter when foot followed the ground (P<0.05). (4) The results showed that the postural stability control of the trunk of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients was decreased,which was manifested as slow step frequency,increased percentage of double support phase and decreased percentage of swing phase. The common pattern of low foot striking pattern is caused by bilateral Achilles tendon tension. In adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients,the ability of hip flexor muscle to do work is decreased,which may be related to joint angular velocity and main bend direction.

Objective:To investigate the influence of ballet training on walking parameters of children with spastic cere-bral palsy.Method:A total of 24 children with cerebral palsy were selected and randomly grouped by 1:1 matching according to similar age,same sex and GMFCS grading,namely 12 cases in the experimental group and 12 cases in the control group.The experimental group received ballet training combined with conventional rehabilitation treatment,and the control group received conventional rehabilitation treatment.The intervention time was 3 months.Three-dimensional gait analysis technology was used to collect the subjects'kinematic and dynamic parameters and gait deviation index(GDI)before and after the intervention,and to analyze the difference of efficacy between the two groups.Result:There was no significant difference in kinematics,dynamics and GDI between the two groups before treatment.Comparison between the two groups after treatment:Kinematic parameters:before and after interven-tion,maximum flexion angle of bilateral hip joint in the brace phase,maximum extension angle of bilateral hip joint,maximum flexion angle of right hip joint in the swing phase,maximum extension angle of right hip joint and maximum plantar flexion angle of right ankle in the experimental group had no obvious differenc-es(P<0.05).Dynamic parameters:Before and after intervention,the maximum plantar flexion moment of the left ankle in the supporting phase and the shock absorption capacity of the left ankle had significant differences(P<0.05).After intervention,there were significant differences between the two groups:maximum plantar flex-ion moment of the right ankle in the support phase,maximum work of the right hip joint,maximum reaction force on the left side and shock absorption capacity of bilateral ankle joints(P<0.05).Conclusion:Ballet training combined with conventional rehabilitation therapy can significantly improve the function of hip extension muscle,hip flexor muscle and foot flexor muscle in the children with spastic CP,and the efficacy is better than conventional rehabilitation training.This study provides a new idea for dance therapy of CP children in the future.

Objective:To investigate the influence of ballet training on walking parameters of children with spastic cere-bral palsy.Method:A total of 24 children with cerebral palsy were selected and randomly grouped by 1:1 matching according to similar age,same sex and GMFCS grading,namely 12 cases in the experimental group and 12 cases in the control group.The experimental group received ballet training combined with conventional rehabilitation treatment,and the control group received conventional rehabilitation treatment.The intervention time was 3 months.Three-dimensional gait analysis technology was used to collect the subjects'kinematic and dynamic parameters and gait deviation index(GDI)before and after the intervention,and to analyze the difference of efficacy between the two groups.Result:There was no significant difference in kinematics,dynamics and GDI between the two groups before treatment.Comparison between the two groups after treatment:Kinematic parameters:before and after interven-tion,maximum flexion angle of bilateral hip joint in the brace phase,maximum extension angle of bilateral hip joint,maximum flexion angle of right hip joint in the swing phase,maximum extension angle of right hip joint and maximum plantar flexion angle of right ankle in the experimental group had no obvious differenc-es(P<0.05).Dynamic parameters:Before and after intervention,the maximum plantar flexion moment of the left ankle in the supporting phase and the shock absorption capacity of the left ankle had significant differences(P<0.05).After intervention,there were significant differences between the two groups:maximum plantar flex-ion moment of the right ankle in the support phase,maximum work of the right hip joint,maximum reaction force on the left side and shock absorption capacity of bilateral ankle joints(P<0.05).Conclusion:Ballet training combined with conventional rehabilitation therapy can significantly improve the function of hip extension muscle,hip flexor muscle and foot flexor muscle in the children with spastic CP,and the efficacy is better than conventional rehabilitation training.This study provides a new idea for dance therapy of CP children in the future.

BACKGROUND:Gait analysis,as a radiation-free dynamic assessment method,may be able to assist imaging to evaluate patients with scoliosis,thereby reducing radiation exposure.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the correlation between gait parameters and imaging parameters in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients,and preliminarily explore the potential mechanism through OpenSim simulation modeling.METHODS:Twenty adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients aged 10-18 years with Cobb angle of 10°-45° were selected as adolescent idiopathic scoliosisgroup. The control group was normal children of the same age and the same body mass index range,and a total of 40 subjects were included. The differences in spatiotemporal parameter,kinematic parameters,dynamic parameters,and gait deviation index of the two groups were compared to explore the correlation between pathological gait and coronal balance. The related mechanisms were preliminarily studied.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The comparison of gait parameters between groups showed that the percentage of bilateral support phase and double support phase increased in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients,and the percentage of bilateral swing phase decreased (P<0.05). The maximum adduction angle of the left hip joint of patients in the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis group was greater than that of the control group,and the maximum abduction angle of the bilateral hip joints was significantly less than that of the control group (P<0.05). The ankle joints of the two groups when the bilateral heels initially touched the ground;the difference between angles was significant (P<0.05). The peak power of right hip flexor muscle group in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients was significantly decreased when they pushed off the ground (P<0.05). (2) The results of the correlation study showed that the maximum abductive angle of the right hip joint was significantly positively correlated with the Cobb angle (r=0.552,P=0.012),and the right peak power of right hip flexor muscle and C7 lateral offset were significantly negatively correlated (r=-0.475,P=0.034). There was a significant positive correlation between ankle angle and lateral pelvic tilt when left foot followed the ground (r=0.476,P=0.034). (3) The simulation results of muscle length showed that the change of muscle fiber length of gluteal medium muscle in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients was significantly reduced (P<0.05). The change of muscle fiber length of the bilateral internal oblique muscle was significantly reduced in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients (P<0.05). Comparing the muscle fiber length of the two groups when foot followed the ground,it was found that the muscle fiber length of the calf triceps of the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients was significantly shorter when foot followed the ground (P<0.05). (4) The results showed that the postural stability control of the trunk of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients was decreased,which was manifested as slow step frequency,increased percentage of double support phase and decreased percentage of swing phase. The common pattern of low foot striking pattern is caused by bilateral Achilles tendon tension. In adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients,the ability of hip flexor muscle to do work is decreased,which may be related to joint angular velocity and main bend direction.

Objective:To discuss the effects of walking function-guided interactive Tuina(Chinese therapeutic massage)on spatiotemporal gait parameters in children with spastic cerebral palsy(CP). Methods:Fifty children with spastic diplegic CP were divided into an observation group and a control group following a paired design and random number principle,with 25 cases in each group.The observation group was treated with the walking function-guided interactive Tuina,and the control group was offered the"six methods of spine and back"Tuina,20 min for each session and 5 sessions weekly for 3 consecutive months.The children's changes were assessed using the percentage of dimension E(walking,running,and jumping)of the gross motor function measure-88(GMFM-88)and three-dimensional gait analysis. Results:After treatment,the percentage of GMFM-88 dimension of dimension E(walking,running,and jumping)changed significantly in both groups(P<0.05),and the between-group difference was also statistically significant(P<0.05).After treatment,the step length,walking speed,and step frequency changed markedly in the observation group(P<0.05)and were significantly different from those in the control group(P<0.05).After the intervention,the stance phase and double support extended,and the swing phase became shorter in the observation group(P<0.05);the between-group differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The maximal knee flexion angle and maximal posterior pelvic tilt angle decreased After treatment in the observation group,and the maximal anterior pelvic tilt angle increased,all showing statistical significance(P<0.05);the between-group differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared with the passive Tuina manipulations,the"six methods of the spine and back",walking function-guided interactive Tuina has its advantage in improving walking function in children with spastic CP,manifesting as better lower-limb force line and walking efficiency.

OBJECTIVE: To carry out prenatal diagnosis for families with high risk for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) by using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). METHODS: Twenty-one families were enrolled. MLPA was used to detect copy numbers of SMN1 and SMN2 genes. Maternal contamination was excluded by using a short tandem repeat method. RESULTS: For 23 fetuses from the 21 families, 14 were identified as carriers, 1 as SMA patient, and 8 as normal. By linkage analysis of parental samples, three individuals were determined as silent (2+0) carriers. CONCLUSION MLPA can determine the carrier status of SMA. The identification of three silent (2+0) carriers among the 44 parental samples indicated a risk for such families, for which genetic counseling and reproduction guidance should be provided.
Female ; Genetic Counseling ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Muscular Atrophy, Spinal/genetics* ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Survival of Motor Neuron 1 Protein/genetics*

The limited method demands for new technology in the management of male infertility. Raman spectroscopy is a rapid and sensitive non-invasive diagnosing technology. Raman spectroscopy was able to obtain Raman spectra from individual human sperm cells and allows for the comparison of their biochemical components, DNA and mitochondrial structure as well as epigenetic changes. This review provided an overview of the principle of each major types and discussed the progress in clinical application , indicating the potential of Raman spectroscopy as an valuable addition in assessing the quality of sperm cells for in vitro fertilization.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of zinc ions on human umbilical vein endothelial cells biological functions. Methods: The primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured with the ECM medium, and cells were divided into 8 groups: the control group(routine culture,n=3), 20 μmol/L zinc group(20 μmol/L zinc chloride solution was added into the cell medium, n=3), 40 μmol/L zinc group(40 μmol/L zinc chloride solution was added into the cell medium, n=3),80 μmol/L zinc group(80 μmol/L zinc chloride solution was added into the cell medium, n=3), 100 μmol/L zinc group(100 μmol/L zinc chloride solution was added into the cell medium, n=3), 200 μmol/L zinc group(200 μmol/L zinc chloride solution was added into the cell medium, n=3),300 μmol/L zinc group(300 μmol/L zinc chloride solution was added into the cell medium, n=3), 500 μmol/L zinc group(500 μmol/L zinc chloride solution was added into the cell medium, n=3). The cell proliferation curve was derived from real time cell analysis (RTCA). The viability value was obtained via CCK-8 reagent, and the migration distance was tested by scratch-wound assay while the adhesion function was detected by RTCA. Results: (1)After 18 hours, RTCA showed that the proliferation cell indexes were 4.5±0.6, 3.7±0.4, 3.6±0.3, 2.5±0.4, and 2.5±0.4 in the 20, 40, 80, 100, and 200 μmol/L zinc groups, as compared with 3.5±0.3 in the control group (all P<0.05). Proliferation cell indexes were 0 in both of the 300 μmol/L and 500 μmol/L zinc groups. (2)After 96 hours, the viability were 1.21±0.05, 1.10±0.03, 0.99±0.05, 0.62±0.02, 0.45±0.04, 0.11±0.01, and 0.12±0.06, respectively in the 20, 40, 80, 100, 200, 300, and 500 μmol/L zinc groups, as compared with 0.75±0.05 in the control group (all P<0.05). (3)After 12 hours, the migration distances were (0.56±0.11),(0.96±0.07),(0.49±0.02), and (0.29±0.01)mm in the 20, 40, 80, and 100 μmol/L zinc groups, as compared with (0.24±0.04)mm in the control group (all P<0.05). (4)After 18 hours, the adhesion cell index were 0.40±0.05, 0.31±0.01, 0.38±0.05, and 0.40±0.03 in the 20, 40, 80, and 100 μmol/L zinc groups, as compared with 0.24±0.04 in the control group (all P>0.05). Conclusions Zinc ions at lower concentration (≤80 μmol/L) can promote proliferation, viability and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, but the adhesion function was not significantly affected by zinc ions. Zinc ions at higher concentration (≥200 μmol/L) can inhibit the cellular function of the human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Objective To compare the effects of neutral posture training (NPT) and gas resistance training on balance and motor func-tion in stroke patients. Methods From June, 2014 to February, 2016, 44 hemiplegic patients were randomly divided into control group (n=22) and experimental group (n=22). The control group received conventional decubitus trunk muscle training and sitting gas resistance train-ing. The experimental group received NPT. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE), Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremities (FMA-LE), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) before and after training. Results There was no significant differ-ence in the scores of FMA-UE, FMA-LE and BBS between two groups (t<0.962, P>0.05). The scores significantly increased after training in both groups (t>12.248, P<0.001), and were higher in the experimental group than in the control group (t>1.972, P<0.05). Conclusion The NPT could improve the motor and balance function of stroke patients, rather than gas resistance training.

The objectives of this study were to prepare pitavastatin-loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles(PLGA), to characterize their pharmaceutical properties, to conduct in vitro drug-release from the nanoparticles, and to observe the effects on the proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells. Both pitavastatin-loaded PLGA and blank PLGA nanoparticles were prepared using emulsion-solvent diffusion method with PLGA being carrier materials. Morphology of the nanoparticles was observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and particle size was analyzed by laser nanometer particle size analyzer. The drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were assayed using high-performance liquid phase. Impact of blank and pitavastatin-loaded nanoparticles on the viability of endothelial progenitor cells was investigated by CCK8 method. Pitavastatin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles exhibited the structure with spherical shape, smooth surface and average diameter of(230. 1±45)nm. The drug loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency were(10. 00±1. 83)% and(35. 54±5. 40)%, respectively. In vitro sustained-release of pitavastatin from the nanoparticles was found. The blank PLGA nanoparticles had no effect on the viability of the endothelial progenitor cells in different concentrations. Compared with pitavastatin group, pitavastatin-loaded nanoparticles(0. 01 μmol/L, 0. 1 μmol/L)had more effects on the proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells. In conclusion, emulsion-solvent diffusion method is applicable in preparation of pitavastatin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles with good shape and sustained-release of interest. Pitavastatin-loaded nanoparticles could significantly improve proliferation of the endothelial progenitor cells.